摘要:also是all so的缩写,也源自古英语alswa/ealswa。eallswa的原义是wholly so(完全如此),also最初也有此义,但后来逐渐弱化in addition to, in the same way,也就是有了“此外,还有”并列的含义。
as是古英语alswa/ealswa的磨损式,后者字面义是all so(al-对应现代的all, swa对应现代的so)。
also是all so的缩写,也源自古英语alswa/ealswa。eallswa的原义是wholly so(完全如此),also最初也有此义,但后来逐渐弱化in addition to, in the same way,也就是有了“此外,还有”并列的含义。
磨损式as只要两个字母,非常简洁,而简洁的单词往往被泛用和滥用。
笔者猜测是as被滥用了also的in addition to之义。最初可能是事件在逻辑上的“此外,还有”之并列,后来发展两个事件的时间同步,于是出现as的时间连词用法。
必须强调:上面系笔者猜测;如果您有更多信息,请留言评论。
对现代英语,时间连词as的典型用法是有渐进过程感,如
【例句1】As she grew older she gained in confidence.(随着年龄的增长,她越来越自信。) [牛津高级学者辞典]
【例句2】He gets more attractive as he gets older. (随着年龄的增长,他变得越来越有吸引力。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]
【例句3】The flames grew larger as the fire spread. (随着火势的蔓延,火焰越来越大。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]
【例句4】As time passed, things seemed to get worse. (随着时间的推移,情况似乎变得更糟了。)[朗文当代英语词典]
在【例句1】和【例句2】中,as句中get older是年龄渐进增长,同时主句也是“越来越”的渐进变化。
【例句3】和【例句4】的as从句虽然没用比较级,但spread和pass显然是渐进动词。
下面例句中的continue同样也是“渐进的”,
【例句5】Another police officer has been injured as fighting continued this morning. (今天上午,随着战斗的继续,另一名警察受伤。 )
【例句6】All the jury's eyes were on him as he continued. (他继续说道,陪审团的目光都集中在他身上。) [柯林斯高级学者辞典]
不过,与【例句1】至【例句4】稍有不同,【例句5】和【例句6】的主句是偏静态的持续状态(has been injured)。【例句1】至【例句4】主句也是渐进发展的。
下面这个例句中got ready也应是过程(不是“准备好了的结果”),
【例句7】He sat watching her as she got ready. (当她在准备时,他坐着看她。)[牛津高级学者辞典]
以上例句中的as可换成while。不过while的两个事件的时间并行感更强一点(as容易触发因果的图景)。
下面6个例句中,as可用when来替换,as从句表达时刻,当然主句也是瞬时动作,
【例句8】I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.(我下车时看见了彼得。) [朗文当代英语词典]
【例句9】I saw him as I was coming into the building. (我走进大楼时看见了他。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]
【例句10】He checked off their names on the list as they got on the coach. (他们上车时,他在名单上核对了他们的名字。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]
【例句11】The play started as I got there. (我一到那里,戏就开始了。) [柯林斯高级学者辞典]
【例句12】I tripped as I got off the bus. (我下车时绊倒了。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]
【例句13】Everyone cheered as the winners received their medals. (当获胜者获得奖牌时,每个人都欢呼起来。)[剑桥高级学者辞典]
有时还用just来强化,
【例句14】Just as the two men were leaving, a message arrived. (就在两人正要离开时,一条信息传来了。)[朗文当代英语词典]
【例句15】Just as I was sitting down to watch TV, the phone rang .[(正当我坐下来看电视时,电话铃响了。)剑桥高级学者辞典]
来源:溜溜教育
