摘要:紧缩定语从句是将完整的定语从句(含关系代词和谓语动词)简化为 “介词 + 关系代词(which/whom)+ 不定式(to do)” 结构,主要用于正式书面语中。
一、核心定义与功能
紧缩定语从句是将完整的定语从句(含关系代词和谓语动词)简化为 “介词 + 关系代词(which/whom)+ 不定式(to do)” 结构,主要用于正式书面语中。
使句子更简洁,避免重复;
强调动作的目的性或必要性。
1. 完整定语从句 → 紧缩结构
公式:
介词 + which/whom + to do
例句对照:
原句:She needs a place in which she can study quietly.
→ 紧缩:She needs a place in which to study quietly.(她需要一个能安静学习的地方)
原句:He bought a tool with which he could fix the car.
→ 紧缩:He bought a tool with which to fix the car.(他买了修车的工具)
2. 进一步省略(非必须)
若语义明确,可省略关系代词,并将介词移至句末(部分介词可彻底省略):
紧缩:She needs time in which to prepare.
→ 省略:She needs time to prepare (in).(她需要准备时间)
紧缩:He has no friend with whom to travel.
→ 省略:He has no friend to travel with.(他没有同行的朋友)
使用限制与注意事项
1. 不可省略的成分
介词 ✅ tools with which to work → ❌ tools which to work 介词指明动作工具/方式
不定式符号 to ✅ a goal for which to fight → ❌ a goal for which fight to 标志不定式结构
2. 关系代词的强制要求
紧缩结构中必须用 which(物)/ whom(人),禁用 that 或 who:
❌ a book that to read → ✅ a book in which to read
3. 语义清晰前提
省略介词时需确保无歧义:
✅ Give me paper to write on.(明确:在纸上写)
❌ Give me paper to write.(歧义:写纸?写内容?)
来源:玲玲课堂