摘要：加州大学伯克利分校心理学教授达彻尔·凯尔特纳，在多年的实验室和田野实验中得出了相似的结论。他跨越二十年的研究发现，在权力影响下的被试们，其行为仿佛遭受了撞伤性脑损伤，变得更加冲动，更低风险意识，而且，至关重要的是，更不善于从别人的观点观察事物。

宋圭武：为什么权力会导致智商下降

一些研究表明，权力不仅会降低一个人的同情心，还会降低一个人的智商。

加州大学伯克利分校心理学教授达彻尔·凯尔特纳，在多年的实验室和田野实验中得出了相似的结论。他跨越二十年的研究发现，在权力影响下的被试们，其行为仿佛遭受了撞伤性脑损伤，变得更加冲动，更低风险意识，而且，至关重要的是，更不善于从别人的观点观察事物。

安大略省麦克马斯特大学神经科学家苏克温德·奥博海做了类似研究。不同于凯尔特纳研究行为，他研究大脑。通过实验他发现，事实上，权力确实损害了一种特定的神经过程，也即我们一旦拥有权力，就失去了某些我们最初获得权力时所需的能力。而且这种能力的丧失，已被多种富有创造性的实验所证明。一些实验表明，有权力感的人更不善于识别照片中人物的感受，或者不善于猜测一个同事会如何解释一段话。另外，由于无法识别人们的个性化特征，掌权者会更加依赖刻板印象。

一项研究表明，权力刺激我们大脑屏蔽边缘信息，在大多数情况下，这会导致某种有用的高效率，但在社会情境中，它具有使我们更加迟钝的令人遗憾的副作用。

有关实验也表明，假如一段时间一个人不觉得拥有权力，大脑可以与现实交流，思维有回归正常的趋势。

普林斯顿大学心理学教授苏珊·菲斯克研究认为，权力减少细致入微理解他人的需要，因为权力使我们能轻易通过命令获取资源，而不是原来没有权力需要通过千方百计才能获取资源，因为后面一种获取资源的方式更需要以能力为基础。

这里权力为什么会降低一个人的智商，个人认为，除上面所说原因外，还有如下原因。一是一个人有权后，容易产生感觉高人一等的意识，这会催生狭隘自闭心理，容不得不同意见。有关研究也表明，权力会让权力所有者产生“傲慢综合征”，其临床症状包括：明显轻视他人、失去与现实的联系、焦躁不安或行为鲁莽，以及无能的表现。二是一个人有了权力后，由于手中有宝，自然周围强盗小偷以及形形色色坑蒙拐骗的人也就多了，从而得到真实情况的可能性也就降低了。

总之，权力是一把双刃剑，有福也藏祸，这里能否避祸得福关键在自己。由于权力有降低同情心和智商的副作用，所以，一个人有权后，如何避祸得福，一定要更加谦虚谨慎，一定要更加密切联系基层群众，一定要更加尊重人才，一定要更加有平等思想，切忌盲目自大，切忌把权力当成能力。战战兢兢、如履薄冰，方为上上策。不然，就会被狡猾分子所围猎，最终成为大众和历史的笑话，最后不但让自己一无所有，还连带伤害家人和真正的朋友，对国家和民族，更是产生大害。另外，还有一些靠运气或靠关系甚至靠不正当手段得到权力的人，更需要谨慎和注意，不然，人生崩盘的速度更快。

Song Guiwu :Why power makes you less intelligent

Some research suggests that power not only reduces a person's capacity for empathy, but also lowers their IQ. Dacher Keltner, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley, has reached similar conclusions through years of lab and field experiments.His research, spanning two decades, found that subjects who were exposed to power behaved as if they had suffered a traumatic brain injury, becoming more impulsive, less risk-conscious and, crucially, less able to see things from another person's perspective. Sukhvinder Oberhe, a neuroscientist at McMaster University in Ontario, has done similar research.Unlike Keltner, who studies behavior, Oberhe studies the brain.What he found is that power does, in fact, impair a specific neural process, meaning that once we have power, we lose some of the abilities we needed to gain it in the first place.And this loss of ability has been shown in a number of creative experiments.Some showed that people with a sense of power were worse at recognizing the feelings of people in photographs or at guessing how a colleague would interpret a statement.Furthermore, because they cannot recognize individual differences, people in power rely more on stereotypes. A study suggests that power stimulates our brains to block out marginal information, which in most cases leads to a useful efficiency gain, but in social situations, it has the unfortunate side effect of making us dumber. Experiments have also shown that if there is a period when a person does not feel in possession of power, the brain can communicate with reality and the mind tends to return to normal. Susan Fiske, a psychology professor at Princeton University, has shown that power reduces the ability to understand the needs of others in subtle ways because it allows us to easily acquire resources by command, rather than by a thousand efforts without power, which is more ability-based. Here, why power can reduce a person's IQ, personally, in addition to the above reasons, there are also the following reasons.One is that a person with power tends to feel superior to others, which can breed a narrow-minded and closed mind, which refuses to agree with others.Studies have also shown that power can cause the owner of power to develop "arrogance syndrome", whose clinical symptoms include: conspicuous disdain for others, loss of contact with reality, restlessness or reckless behavior, and incompetent performance. Second, a person with power, because the hands of treasure, natural around the robbers and thieves and all kinds of pits and corners of the people will also more, thus the possibility of getting the real situation will be reduced.In short, power is a double-edged sword, blessing also hidden trouble, here whether to avoid trouble and blessing key in their own.Because of the power of the side effects of reducing sympathy and IQ, so, a person with power, how to avoid trouble and blessing, must be more modest and cautious, must be more closely linked to the grass-roots masses, must be more respect for talent, must be more equal thinking, avoid blindly arrogant, avoid the power as a ability.Fear, tread on thin ice, is the best policy.Otherwise, will be cunning hunters, eventually become the public and history of the joke, finally not only let oneself nothing, but also jointly hurt the family and true friends, to the country and the nation, is a great harm.In addition, there are some by luck or by relationship or even by illegal means to get power, more need to be cautious and attention, otherwise, the speed of life crash faster.

来源：宋圭武