摘要："形式主语、形式宾语、逻辑主语、逻辑宾语"的位置与功能，对书写、理解句意有很大帮助。
正确识别:
"形式主语、形式宾语、逻辑主语、逻辑宾语" 的位置与功能，对书写、理解句意有很大帮助。
(一) 形式主语(Formal Subject)
为满足句子必须有个主语的语法规则、为避免句子"头重尾轻"，通常把"It"(作形式主语)置于句首、把真正的主语(短语/从句)置于句尾，使得句子平衡。
★对任何国家讲，拥有强大的军事是很重要的。
It is important for any country to have a strong military.
形式主语: It.
真正主语: to have...短语。
It is obvious that he lied.
形式主语: it，
真正主语: that...从句。
★据说该船是不会沉没的。
It is said that the ship is unsinkable.
形式主语: It.
真正主语: that...从句。
提醒:
在"It is said that..."结构中，that...从句可用任何时态。
★It is said that dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.
(过去时态)
据说恐龙生活在几百万年前。
★It is said that it will rain tomorrow.
(将来时态)
★It is said that they are negotiating new contract.
(进行时态)
据说他们正在洽谈新合同。
(二) 形式宾语(formal object)
为使句子平衡把"It"放在宾语位置作"形式宾语"、而把较长的真正宾语(不定式、短语、从句)放在句尾。
注意: 形式宾语多出现在:
"主+谓+宾+宾补+真正宾语"的结构中。
★I find it difficult to learn English.
形式宾语: It.
真正宾语:to...短语。
★He made it clear that he disagreed.
他清楚表明"不同意"。
形式宾语: It.
真正宾语: that...从句。
★I hate it very much when you interrupt me.
我非常讨厌你打断我。
形式宾语: It.
真正宾语: when...从句。
(三)逻辑主语(Logical subject)
非谓语动词所示动作的发出者。
This sentence is too difficult for meto understand.
此句对我来说很难理解。
me是to understand的逻辑主语。
★跟着王老师，我们很顺利的爬上了山顶。
Following Teacher Wang, we successfully reached the top of mountain.
we是following...的逻辑主语。
★从地球上看满月，它像是一面镜子。
Seen from Earth, the full moon resembles a mirror.
the full moon是seen...的逻辑主语。
★如天气允许，我们就去远足。
Weather permitting, we will go hiking. (独立主格结构)
Weather是permitting的逻辑主语。
★Do you mind my opening the window?
my是opening的逻辑主语。
(四)逻辑宾语(Logical object)
从语义上说: 非谓语动词动作的承受者被称为"逻辑宾语"。
The book to be read is on the desk.
逻辑宾语：book，承受read的动作。
★I have a lot of workto do resently.
近来我有很多工作要做。
work是to do的逻辑宾语。
★季度报告需在周五前完成，我今天必须集中精力。
The quarterly reportbeing finished by Friday, I need to focus today.
report是 being finished 逻辑宾语/承动者。
★报告已于昨天提交，今天我可以休息了。
With the report submitted yesterday, I can relax today.
Report是submitted的逻辑宾语/承动者。
★任务完成后，我今天下午提前下班了。
The tasks completed, I left the office early this afternoon.
The tasks是completed的语法主语、语义上又是completed逻辑宾语/承动者。
个人观点、仅供参考。
来源：鲲鹏展翅一点号