摘要：What is the Grammar translation Method?（什么是语法翻译法？）History（历史）The Grammar Translation Method theory（语法翻译法的理论）How is the Grammar Tra
【目录】
What is the Grammar translation Method?（什么是语法翻译法？）History（历史）The Grammar Translation Method theory（语法翻译法的理论）How is the Grammar Translation Method implemented in the classroom?（语法翻译法如何在课堂中实施?）Grammar Translation Method activities（语法翻译法的教学活动）The Grammar Translation Method advantages and disAdvantages（语法翻译法的优缺点）【本文选自】Grammar Translation Method
本文最后有语法翻译法的视频讲解。
【正文】
The Grammar Translation Method is an old method that was originally used to teach dead languages which explains why it focuses mainly on the written form at the expense of the oral form.语法翻译法是一种古老的教学方法，最初用于教授已消亡的语言，这解释了为何它主要关注书面形式而忽视口语形式。
It was designed according to the faculty psychology approach which was very popular during the 18th and 19th centuries.
该方法基于18至19世纪盛行的官能心理学理论设计。
It contended that "mental discipline was essential for strengthening the powers of the mind".
主张“心智训练对强化大脑能力至关重要”。
The way to do this was through learning the classical literature of the Greeks and Romans.
而实现这一目标的途径是学习希腊和罗马的古典文学。
Traditionally, studying a language was grounded on the principles of Greek and Latin grammar.
传统上，语言学习以希腊语和拉丁语的语法原则为基础。
During the renaissance era, Greek and Roman literature were held in high regard and Latin was taught as a language mainly for reading and writing.
文艺复兴时期，希腊和罗马文学备受推崇，拉丁语的教学主要侧重阅读和写作。
Mastering Latin grammar rules became an educational goal.
掌握拉丁语语法规则成为教育目标。
The invention of printing machines and the development of local languages around Europe increased the need for second or foreign language learning.
印刷机的发明与欧洲各地本土语言的发展，增加了对第二语言或外语学习的需求。
Grammar was central in language teaching and language teachers adopted the Grammar Translation Method which was based on traditional Latin teaching.
语法成为语言教学的核心，教师采用基于传统拉丁语教学的语法翻译法。
The underlying principle of the method was that the target grammar should be described in the student's native language.
该方法的基本原则是：目标语言的语法应通过学生的母语进行描述。
Grammar was viewed as a set of rules that govern how sentences should be formed.
语法被视为支配句子构成的规则集合。
The GTM is based on an idealist philosophy which holds that ideas are absolute and unchanging.语法翻译法基于唯心主义哲学，认为理念是绝对且永恒不变的。
According to this doctrine, ideas make up fundamental reality and are even seen as being the only true reality.
该学说主张，理念构成根本现实，甚至被视为唯一真实的存在。
In other words, the only real things are mental entities, not physical ones.
换言之，唯一真实的事物是精神实体而非物质实体。
Likewise, truth and values are universal and unchanging.
同样，真理与价值具有普遍性和不变性。
This universal view of learning is the reason why the method insists on translating text that reflects perennial truths.
这种对学习的普遍性观点解释了为何该方法坚持翻译体现永恒真理的文本。
Latin and Greek were held in high esteem and those who could read the Greek and Latin texts were respected and given high social status.
拉丁语和希腊语享有崇高地位，能阅读希腊语和拉丁语文本的人备受尊敬并拥有较高的社会地位。
In addition, the method views language learning as consisting of memorizing a set of grammar rules and trying to understand and manipulate the morphology and syntax of the target language.
此外，该方法认为语言学习包括记忆语法规则、理解并操控目标语言的形态和句法。
Another feature of the method is that the mother tongue is maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of the second language.
另一特点是：母语作为第二语言习得的参照体系。
It is the vehicle of language teaching.
它是语言教学的媒介。
It is surprising to see that the Grammar Translation Method is still in use in some classrooms. Maybe, it's because it has some advantages.
令人惊讶的是，语法翻译法至今仍被部分课堂使用，或许因其具备某些优势。
The method may be still implemented in today's classrooms. Depending on whether your school tolerates the use of L1 (i.e., the student's first language), you may adapt the method accordingly. Assuming that you are a bilingual teacher, here are some activities that you might try:
该方法可能仍适用于当今课堂。根据学校是否允许使用母语（即学生第一语言），教师可相应调整。假设你是一名双语教师，以下是一些可尝试的活动：
Ask your students to memorize a rule and apply it to their own sentences.（要求学生背诵规则并应用于造句。）Invite students to memorize a short list of words each day in English and give their native language equivalent.（让学生每日记忆少量英语单词并写出母语对应词。）Ask your students to pick five vocabulary words they like from a text and then translate them into their mother tongue.（让学生从文本中选取五个词汇并翻译成母语。）Ask the students to translate different language functions (e.g., inviting, making requests; offering help, asking for clarification, etc.) from their mother tongue to English.（让学生将不同语言功能，如邀请、请求、提供帮助、寻求澄清等，从母语翻译成英语。）Ask students to identify a certain part of speech (e.g., verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc) from a text. Invite them to translate these words and then use a dictionary to find synonyms and antonyms.（让学生识别文本中特定词性，如动词、名词、形容词等，翻译后通过词典查找同义词和反义词。）Assign different parts of a text to different groups of students to translate. When they finish, regroup them to produce the final version of the whole text making the necessary changes.（将文本分段分配给不同小组翻译，完成后重组并修改以生成完整译文。）Ask students to translate their favorite quotes, jokes, idioms, or poems from their mother tongue to English or vice-versa.（让学生翻译喜爱的名言、笑话、习语或诗歌，母语与英语互译。）Ask students to use Google Translate or any other translation application to translate texts and see to what extent the translation was good, making the necessary changes to improve it.（让学生使用谷歌翻译等工具翻译文本，评估翻译质量并改进。）Ask your students to create a blog with different categories (e.g. poems, quotes, idioms, etc.) to publish their translations.（指导学生创建博客，如诗歌、名言、习语等分类，发布翻译作品。）Because of all these disadvantages, teachers tried to find better ways to remedy the pitfalls of the Grammar Translation Method. The Direct Method was the answer.
正因这些缺陷，教师尝试寻找更好的方法以弥补语法翻译法的不足，直接教学法应运而生。
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来源：新概念英语的教与学
