摘要：there be句型：be动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的名词的单复数。如果最近的名词是单数或不可数名词，用is/was；如果是复数名词，则用are/were。例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.（桌子上有一

以下是中考英语就近原则和就远原则的详解及双语例句：

就近原则

当并列主语由某些特定连词或短语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与离它最近的主语保持一致。

- there be句型：be动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的名词的单复数。如果最近的名词是单数或不可数名词，用is/was；如果是复数名词，则用are/were。例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.（桌子上有一本书和两支笔。）There are two pens and a book on the desk.（桌子上有两支笔和一本书。）There was a dog and some cats in the yard.（院子里曾有一只狗和一些猫。）There were some cats and a dog in the yard.（院子里曾有一些猫和一只狗。）There is some water and three bottles in the fridge.（冰箱里有一些水和三个瓶子。）There are three bottles and some water in the fridge.（冰箱里有三个瓶子和一些水。）There is a teacher and many students in the classroom.（教室里有一位老师和许多学生。）There are many students and a teacher in the classroom.（教室里有许多学生和一位老师。）There was a car and several bicycles on the road.（路上曾有一辆汽车和几辆自行车。）There were several bicycles and a car on the road.（路上曾有几辆自行车和一辆汽车。）

- neither…nor…：连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。例句：Neither you nor I am wrong.（你和我都没错。）Neither I nor you are wrong.（我和你都没错。）Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer.（老师和学生都不知道答案。）Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.（学生们和老师都不知道答案。）Neither Tom nor his sisters like this movie.（汤姆和他的姐妹们都不喜欢这部电影。）Neither his sisters nor Tom likes this movie.（他的姐妹们和汤姆都不喜欢这部电影。）Neither the cat nor the dogs are allowed here.（猫和狗在这里都不被允许。）Neither the dogs nor the cat is allowed here.（狗和猫在这里都不被允许。）Neither John nor Mary has a car.（约翰和玛丽都没有车。）Neither Mary nor John has a car.（玛丽和约翰都没有车。）

- either…or…：连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式依据离它最近的主语来确定。例句：Either you or he is going to the meeting.（要么你要么他去参加会议。）Either he or you are going to the meeting.（要么他要么你去参加会议。）Either my father or my brothers are coming.（不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。）Either my brothers or my father is coming.（不是我兄弟就是我父亲要来。）Either Mary or I am coming.（不是玛丽来，就是我来。）Either I or Mary is coming.（不是我来，就是玛丽来。）Either the boys or the girl is singing.（不是男孩们就是那个女孩在唱歌。）Either the girl or the boys are singing.（不是那个女孩就是男孩们在唱歌。）Either Tom or his parents go shopping on weekends.（不是汤姆就是他的父母在周末去购物。）Either his parents or Tom goes shopping on weekends.（不是他的父母就是汤姆在周末去购物。）

- not only…but also…：连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。例句：Not only you but also he is wrong.（不仅你错了，他也错了。）Not only he but also you are wrong.（不仅他错了，你也错了。）Not only the teacher but also his students object to the change.（不仅老师，他的学生们也反对这个改变。）Not only the students but also their teacher objects to the change.（不仅学生们，他们的老师也反对这个改变。）Not only my mother but also my father likes reading.（不仅我妈妈，我爸爸也喜欢阅读。）Not only my father but also my mother likes reading.（不仅我爸爸，我妈妈也喜欢阅读。）Not only the boys but also the girls are good at English.（不仅男孩们，女孩们也擅长英语。）Not only the girls but also the boys are good at English.（不仅女孩们，男孩们也擅长英语。）Not only I but also my friends want to go to the park.（不仅我，我的朋友们也想去公园。）Not only my friends but also I want to go to the park.（不仅我的朋友们，我也想去公园。）

- not…but…：连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。例句：Not he but you are a teacher.（不是他而是你才是老师。）Not you but he is a student.（不是你而是他才是学生。）Not the book but the magazines interest me.（不是这本书而是这些杂志引起我的兴趣。）Not the magazines but the book interests me.（不是这些杂志而是这本书引起我的兴趣。）Not the pen but the pencils are mine.（不是这支钢笔而是这些铅笔是我的。）Not the pencils but the pen is mine.（不是这些铅笔而是这支钢笔是我的。）Not Tom but his brothers are playing football.（不是汤姆而是他的兄弟们在踢足球。）Not his brothers but Tom is playing football.（不是他的兄弟们而是汤姆在踢足球。）Not the cat but the dogs are running in the yard.（不是这只猫而是这些狗在院子里跑。）Not the dogs but the cat is running in the yard.（不是这些狗而是这只猫在院子里跑。）

就远原则

当主语后面跟有某些特定的短语或词连接的并列成分时，谓语动词的形式与最前面的主语保持一致。

- as well as：在“A as well as B”的结构里，语意的重点在A，不在B，谓语动词与A保持一致。例句：My mother as well as her friends likes going swimming.（我的妈妈以及她的朋友们都喜欢游泳。）The teacher as well as the students has read the book already.（老师和学生们都已经读过这本书了。）I as well as my classmates am interested in music.（我和我的同学们都对音乐感兴趣。）He as well as his brothers is good at playing basketball.（他和他的兄弟们都擅长打篮球。）She as well as her sister enjoys reading novels.（她和她的姐姐都喜欢读小说。）The boy as well as his parents goes to the park every Sunday.（这个男孩和他的父母每个星期天都去公园。）My father as well as his colleagues is busy with work.（我父亲和他的同事们都忙于工作。）The singer as well as the dancers is performing on the stage.（这位歌手和舞者们正在舞台上表演。）The scientist as well as his assistants has made great progress.（这位科学家和他的助手们都取得了很大的进步。）The writer as well as his readers is looking forward to the new book.（这位作家和他的读者们都期待着这本新书。）

- with，along with，together with：表示“和……一起”，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。例句：A woman with two children has come.（一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。）The teacher, together with his students, is going to visit the museum.（老师和他的学生们打算去参观博物馆。）My brother, along with his friends, is playing football in the park.（我哥哥和他的朋友们正在公园里踢足球。）The doctor, with his nurses, is taking care of the patients.（医生和他的护士们正在照顾病人。）The boss, together with his employees, is having a meeting.（老板和他的员工们正在开会。）The girl, along with her mother, goes shopping every weekend.（这个女孩和她的妈妈每个周末都去购物。）The singer, with his band, is giving a concert tonight.（这位歌手和他的乐队今晚将举行一场音乐会。）The athlete, together with his coach, is training hard.（这位运动员和他的教练正在努力训练。）The driver, along with his passengers, is waiting for the traffic light to turn green.（司机和他的乘客们正在等待交通灯变绿。）The old man, with his dog, takes a walk in the park every morning.（这位老人每天早上带着他的狗在公园里散步。）

- except，besides，but，apart from，in addition to：表示“除了……”等意思时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。例句：Everybody except you likes me.（除了你，每个人都喜欢我。）All the students except Tom have finished their homework.（除了汤姆，所有的学生都完成了作业。）Nobody but he knows the answer.（除了他没有人知道答案。）I have many friends besides you.（除了你我还有很多朋友。）Everyone in addition to the teacher is here.（除了老师，每个人都在这里。）Apart from his parents, he has no relatives here.（除了他的父母，他在这里没有亲戚。）All of us except her are going to the party.（除了她我们所有人都打算去参加派对。）The boys besides Jack like playing basketball.（除了杰克，男孩们都喜欢打篮球。）Nobody but the twins was late for school.（除了这对双胞胎没有人上学迟到。）In addition to the books, I also need a pen.（除了这些书，我还需要一支笔。）

- rather than：表示“而不是”，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。例句：I rather than he am responsible for this mistake.（是我而不是他对这个错误负责。）The parents rather than the child want to go to the park.（是父母而不是孩子想去公园。）He rather than his friends likes reading books.（是他而不是他的朋友们喜欢读书。）She rather than her sister is good at singing.（是她而不是她的姐姐擅长唱歌。）The students rather than the teacher should clean the classroom.（应该是学生们而不是老师打扫教室。）I would like to go shopping rather than stay at home.（我想去购物而不是呆在家里。）He chose to study English rather than math.（他选择学习英语而不是数学。）The dog ran away rather than stayed at home.（狗跑掉了而不是呆在家里。）She prefers tea rather than coffee.（她更喜欢茶而不是咖啡。）They decided to walk rather than take a bus.（他们决定步行而不是坐公共汽车。）

- including：表示“包括”，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。例句：The price including tax is very high.（包括税在内的价格非常高。）The team including the coach is very strong.（包括教练在内的这个团队非常强大。）The book including the pictures is very interesting.（包括图片在内的这本书非常有趣。）The group including the girls is going to perform on the stage.（包括女孩们在内的这个团体将在舞台上表演。）The meal including dessert is delicious.（包括甜点在内的这顿饭很美味。）The package including the gifts is very heavy.（包括礼物在内的这个包裹很重。）The project including the details is very complicated.（包括细节在内的这个项目非常复杂。）The class including the new students is very lively.（包括新学生在内的这个班级很活跃。）The movie including the ending is very touching.（包括结局在内的这部电影非常感人。）The concert including the encore is very wonderful.（包括安可曲在内的这场音乐会非常精彩。）

来源：蒙古元素