摘要：以下是恩格斯《路德维希·费尔巴哈与德国古典哲学的终结》（Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, 1886）第一部分中关于“哲学基本问题的界定”的英文全文，具体为第一章（Chapt
恩格斯说，唯心主义和唯物主义在灵魂是否存在这个问题上就表现了分歧，灵魂主导人还是人的大脑机能生成意识就是典型的唯物和唯心的案例，也应该是核心。
以下是恩格斯《路德维希·费尔巴哈与德国古典哲学的终结》（Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, 1886）第一部分中关于“哲学基本问题的界定”的英文全文，具体为第一章（Chapter I）的开篇段落，其中包含了您引用的内容。这是完整段落，未经节选，基于《马克思恩格斯全集》（Marx-Engels Collected Works）第26卷的权威英文版本：
英文全文：
"The great basic question of all philosophy, especially of more recent philosophy, is that concerning the relation of thinking and being. From the very early times when men, still completely ignorant of the structure of their own bodies, under the stimulus of dream apparitions, came to believe that their thinking and sensation were not activities of their bodies, but of a distinct soul which inhabits the body and leaves it at death—from this time men have been driven to reflect about the relation between this soul and the outside world. If, in spite of this, it was still necessary to find a point of connection between the two, then the question of the nature of this connection arose, and with it the question whether the soul is immortal. The various solutions to these questions have, in the course of time, given rise to the most varied systems of philosophy, from the spiritualism of the Orientals to the materialism of the French Enlightenment. The answers which the philosophers gave to this question split them into two great camps. Those who asserted the primacy of spirit to nature and, therefore, in the last instance, assumed world creation in some form or other—and among the philosophers, Hegel, for example, this creation often takes a form much more intricate and impossible than in Christianity—comprised the camp of idealism. The others, who regarded nature as primary, belong to the various schools of materialism."
中文译文（参考人民出版社《马克思恩格斯全集》）：
“全部哲学，特别是近代哲学的重大的基本问题，是思维和存在的关系问题。远在人类还完全不知道自己身体的构造、受梦中幻象的刺激而相信自己的思维和感觉不是自己身体的活动，而是一种寓于体内、在人死后离开身体的独特灵魂的时候起，人类就不得不思考这种灵魂与外部世界的关系。如果尽管如此，仍然需要寻找这两者之间的联系点，那么就产生了关于这种联系的性质的问题，以及灵魂是否不朽的问题。对于这些问题的各种解答，逐渐产生了最不同的哲学体系，从东方人的唯灵论到法国启蒙运动的唯物主义。哲学家们依照他们如何回答这个问题而分成了两大阵营：凡是断定精神先于自然界而存在，因而归根到底承认某种创世说的人——例如在哲学家中，黑格尔，这种创世说常常采取比基督教更为复杂和荒诞的形式——组成了唯心主义阵营。凡是认为自然界是第一性的，则属于唯物主义的各个派别。”
来源：海棠入梦
