摘要：A 2023 analysis found that participating in sport, either recreationally or competitively, is linked with lower stress, less anxie

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本文节译自：New Scientist USA – 25 October 2025

A 2023 analysis found that participating in sport, either recreationally or competitively, is linked with lower stress, less anxiety and better mental health, such as higher self-esteem. And these effects were especially pronounced in team sports. In fact, such sports seem to improve mental well-being more than other forms of exercise, regardless of the amount of physical activity.

一项2023年的分析发现，无论是参与娱乐性还是竞技性体育运动，都与减轻压力、减少焦虑和改善心理健康（如更高的自尊）相关联。而这些效果在团队运动中尤为明显。事实上，无论运动量大小，这类运动似乎比其他形式的锻炼更能改善心理健康。

The social aspect may also enhance sport’s physical benefits. For one, exercising with others increases the likelihood of showing up to work out. In a 2024 study, more than 770 participants received a cash reward each day they visited the gym. But some of them also had to bring a friend to cash in. These people turned up about 35 per cent more frequently than those who could arrive alone. A follow-up survey suggested this was because a workout buddy increased accountability and made exercising more enjoyable.

社交方面也可能增强运动带来的身体益处。首先，与他人一起锻炼会增加去锻炼的可能性。在2024年的一项研究中，超过770名参与者每次到访健身房都会获得现金奖励。但其中一些人还必须带上朋友才能兑现奖励。这些人比那些可以独自前往的人出勤频率高出约35%。一项后续调查表明，这是因为锻炼伙伴增加了责任感，并使锻炼变得更有趣。

Other research has revealed that this enjoyment might even improve performance. One study of people who took part in free communal runs found that those who did so with friends and family felt more energised, which, in turn, was linked to running faster. Research into competitive rowers, meanwhile, discovered that those who looked at a photo of a loved one while rowing could exercise for about 20 per cent longer thanthose staring at a stranger’s photo.

其他研究揭示，这种愉悦感甚至可能提升运动表现。一项针对参与免费社区跑步者的研究发现，那些与朋友和家人一起跑步的人感觉更有活力，而这种感觉又与跑得更快相关联。与此同时，对竞技赛艇运动员的研究发现，那些在划船时看着所爱之人照片的运动员，其运动时长比那些盯着陌生人照片的运动员长约20%。

While we don’t know exactly why this is, it probably relates to how we process fatigue. It is our brain, not our muscles, that ultimately generates feelings of exhaustion. Fatigue is protective – it stops us from pushing beyond our physical limit and risking injury. So exercising with a buddy (or even just a photo of one) could signal to our brain that we are in a safe environment, allowing us to avoid fatigue for a bit longer.

虽然我们尚不清楚确切原因，但这很可能与我们处理疲劳的方式有关。最终产生疲惫感的是我们的大脑，而非肌肉。疲劳具有保护作用——它能阻止我们超越身体极限并冒受伤的风险。因此，与伙伴一起锻炼（或仅仅看伙伴的照片）可能向大脑发出信号，表明我们处于安全的环境中，从而使我们能够更久地避免疲劳。

This idea reflects a broader shift in exercise psychology. While this has focused on how competition boosts performance, more studies are now examining the influence of cooperation. After all, our greatest physical trait as a species – the ability to run long distances – is most likely to have evolved via group hunting. We are probably wired to work out with others.

这一观点反映了运动心理学中一个更广泛的转变。以往该领域关注竞争如何提升表现，而现在有更多研究正在审视合作的影响。毕竟，我们人类作为一个物种最伟大的身体特质——长距离奔跑的能力——最有可能是在群体狩猎中进化而来的。我们很可能天生就适合与他人一起锻炼。

来源：教育前沿资讯