摘要:聚焦“先行词是时间/地点/原因,但在从句中作宾语时,用that/which”——用“缺不缺宾语”作为唯一判断标准,先教“找宾语”的简单方法,再通过对比练习区分“用that/which”和“用where/when/why”,全程不绕术语,只讲“实操步骤”。
高一英语(基础薄弱型)新译林版U4单元辅导计划(每周1次,每次2小时)方案①
核心新增
聚焦“先行词是时间/地点/原因,但在从句中作宾语时,用that/which”——用“缺不缺宾语”作为唯一判断标准,先教“找宾语”的简单方法,再通过对比练习区分“用that/which”和“用where/when/why”,全程不绕术语,只讲“实操步骤”。
第1小时:U4基础词汇+核心语法(that/which vs where/when/why)
阶段1:U4高频基础词汇“语境记牢”(25分钟)(压缩时间,确保语法练习充足)
1. 词汇精讲(10分钟):快速带学skip, concerned, faint, balanced, exercise, energetic, doctor’s office, gym, day, reason(新增reason,对应“原因”先行词),结合课本句记含义(如“reason”→“The reason for his tiredness is skipping breakfast.”)。
2. 即时巩固(15分钟):“中文→英文”抽查+用“gym/day/reason”各造1个简单句(如“I go to the gym.”“Today is a good day.”“The reason is clear.”)。
阶段2:核心语法“三步判断法”+对比练习(35分钟)
1. 先学“找宾语”+“三步判断法”(10分钟):
- 第一步:找先行词(时间/地点/原因名词,如day/gym/reason);
- 第二步:看从句“缺不缺宾语”(简单方法:从句动词后有没有“东西”,有=不缺宾语,用where/when/why;没有=缺宾语,用that/which);
▶ 例1(地点先行词):
- 句子1:This is the gym where I exercise.(从句动词“exercise”后没东西→不缺宾语→用where)
- 句子2:This is the gym that/which I visited.(从句动词“visited”后没“东西”?不对!“visited”的宾语是“gym”→缺宾语→用that/which)
▶ 例2(时间先行词):
- 句子1:I remember the day when I exercised.(从句动词“exercised”后没东西→不缺宾语→用when)
- 句子2:I remember the day that/which I spent.(从句动词“spent”的宾语是“day”→缺宾语→用that/which)
▶ 例3(原因先行词):
- 句子1:This is the reason why I skipped breakfast.(从句动词“skipped”后没东西→不缺宾语→用why)
- 句子2:This is the reason that/which he told me.(从句动词“told”的宾语是“reason”→缺宾语→用that/which)
- 第三步:记结论(只记这3句,不扩展其他):
1. 先行词是地点:从句缺宾语→that/which;不缺→where
2. 先行词是时间:从句缺宾语→that/which;不缺→when
3. 先行词是原因:从句缺宾语→that/which;不缺→why
2. 分4组做22道对比练习(全用U4健康主题,从“判断缺不缺宾语”到“选连接词”)(25分钟):
▶ 第一组:判断从句“缺不缺宾语”(6题,只答“缺”或“不缺”)
1. The gym ______ I exercise.(从句动词“exercise”后没东西→不缺)
2. The gym ______ I visited.(从句动词“visited”缺宾语→缺)
3. The day ______ I felt faint.(从句动词“felt”后没东西→不缺)
4. The day ______ I spent at the gym.(从句动词“spent”缺宾语→缺)
5. The reason ______ he felt tired.(从句动词“felt”后没东西→不缺)
6. The reason ______ she told me.(从句动词“told”缺宾语→缺)
▶ 第二组:选连接词(that/which vs where/when/why)(8题)
1. This is the gym ______ I exercise.(不缺宾语→where)
2. This is the gym ______ I visited yesterday.(缺宾语→that/which)
3. I remember the day ______ I skipped breakfast.(不缺宾语→when)
4. I remember the day ______ I spent with my friend.(缺宾语→that/which)
5. The reason ______ he is energetic is exercise.(不缺宾语→why)
6. The reason ______ she gave me is good.(缺宾语→that/which)
7. The doctor’s office ______ Jennifer went is small.(不缺宾语→where)
8. The doctor’s office ______ we visited is small.(缺宾语→that/which)
▶ 第三组:改错题(4题,找出用错的连接词并改正)
1. This is the gym when I exercise.(错:when→where,从句不缺宾语,先行词是地点)
2. I remember the day where I felt weak.(错:where→when,从句不缺宾语,先行词是时间)
3. The reason that he is tired is skipping meals.(错:that→why,从句不缺宾语,先行词是原因)
4. The gym why I visited is big.(错:why→that/which,从句缺宾语,先行词是地点)
▶ 第四组:合并句子(4题,先判断缺不缺宾语,再选连接词)
1. 原句:This is the gym. I visited it.(从句缺宾语“it”→用that/which)
合并:This is the gym ______ I visited.(that/which)
2. 原句:I remember the day. I exercised on that day.(从句不缺宾语→用when)
合并:I remember the day ______ I exercised.(when)
3. 原句:This is the reason. He told me the reason.(从句缺宾语“the reason”→用that/which)
合并:This is the reason ______ he told me.(that/which)
4. 原句:The park is beautiful. We relax there.(从句不缺宾语→用where)
合并:The park ______ we relax is beautiful.(where)
逐题批改,只按“三步法”讲:先找先行词→再看从句动词后缺不缺东西→最后对应选词(如错第二组第2题,就说“visited后缺宾语,先行词是地点,所以用that/which”),不解释“为什么that/which可省略”等拓展内容。
第2小时:U4课文精读+语法巩固+简单阅读
阶段1:U4课文精读(30分钟)(重点找“两种连接词”)
1. 跟读熟悉(8分钟):听课本听力,跟读U4 Reading前4段,重点读“the gym/the day/the reason”相关句子。
2. 逐句拆解+找连接词(17分钟):
- 查单词:用前面学过的词,难词标“了解”;
- 找句子并判断:从课文中找3类句子,用“三步法”分析:
① 含where的句子(如“The gym where I exercise is near.”→从句exercise后缺宾语?不缺→用where);
② 含that/which的句子(如“The gym that I visited is big.”→从句visited后缺宾语→用that/which);
③ 含why的句子(如“The reason why I felt tired is skipping breakfast.”→从句felt后不缺宾语→用why);
让学生在句子旁标注“缺”或“不缺”,强化判断逻辑。
3. 简单主旨(5分钟):用“Jennifer的故事+gym/day/reason”串讲大意(如“Jennifer去了她visited的gym,在the day she exercised时感觉energetic,the reason why she is healthy是不skip breakfast”)。
阶段2:语法+阅读双巩固(25分钟)(阅读题融入“两种连接词”)
1. 语法易错点再练(10分钟):针对“判断错缺宾语”的题型,加5道题:
1. The day ______ I spent with my family is happy.(spent缺宾语→that/which)
2. The day ______ I felt energetic is Sunday.(felt不缺宾语→when)
3. The reason ______ she skipped breakfast is clear.(skipped不缺宾语→why)
4. The reason ______ he told me is good.(told缺宾语→that/which)
5. The park ______ we played in is big.(played缺宾语“in的宾语”→that/which,简单说“played后有in,但缺东西→用that/which”)
2. 简单阅读实战(15分钟):阅读材料融入两种连接词,示例:
“My Healthy Life
I have a gym that I visit every week. The gym where I exercise has many machines. I remember the day that I first went there—it was a sunny day when I felt energetic. The reason why I go there is simple: exercise makes me feel good. The reason that my friend gave me is also good: it helps me keep balanced meals. ”
带学生做3道题(1细节+2语法):
1. How often does the writer visit the gym?(细节题:Every week. 找“every week”)
2. The gym ______ the writer visits has many machines.(语法题:that/which,visited缺宾语)
3. The day ______ the writer first went to the gym is sunny.(语法题:when,went不缺宾语)
阶段3:总结+作业布置(5分钟)
1. 总结“唯一判断口诀”(2分钟):
- 先行词是时间/地点/原因,先看从句动词后“有没有东西”;
- 缺东西(没宾语)→用that/which;
- 不缺东西→用when/where/why。
2. 作业(简单易落实):
① 默写20个单词,错词抄5遍;
② 给10个简单句(如下),标“缺”/“不缺”并填连接词:
1. The gym ______ I exercise.(不缺→where)
2. The gym ______ I visited.(缺→that/which)
3. The day ______ I spent.(缺→that/which)
③ 从课文中找3个含that/which的句子,在从句动词旁标“缺”;找3个含where/when/why的句子,标“不缺”。
来源:布点法个性化教育
