摘要：文化自信是经济发展的深层持久力量。好的市场经济离不开文化的力量，而且文化的力量比制度的力量更强，因为若没有文化的配合，即使十分严密的制度，也会被文化所蚕食，使制度成为摆设或空壳。比如一些国家引进别国的制度，在别的国家作用很好，但在引进国的作用很差，甚至产生的是

宋圭武：好的市场经济离不开文化自信基础

文化自信是经济发展的深层持久力量。好的市场经济离不开文化的力量，而且文化的力量比制度的力量更强，因为若没有文化的配合，即使十分严密的制度，也会被文化所蚕食，使制度成为摆设或空壳。比如一些国家引进别国的制度，在别的国家作用很好，但在引进国的作用很差，甚至产生的是负作用，这其中就有文化的扭曲力量在里面。

好的文化需要富含敬畏、理性、诚信三大元素。若文化富含敬畏、理性、诚信三大元素，市场经济的交易成本会大大降低，市场经济就是规范的市场经济，就是鼓励正能量的市场经济。

若文化严重欠缺敬畏、理性、诚信三大元素，在这样的文化背景下，市场经济本质是欺诈经济，本质是坑蒙拐骗经济。

在官本位文化、血缘文化、关系文化背景下，市场经济会表现为官僚经济、血缘经济、关系经济的混合形式，同时，在缺乏敬畏、理性、诚信三大元素的情况下，市场还会充满各种形式的坑蒙拐骗。

总之，发展是一个合力的结果，制度建设和文化建设都很重要。好的市场经济，既要有严密的制度约束，更要有严厉的文化约束。在敬畏、理性、诚信三大元素中，尤其要厚植敬畏意识。敬畏是一种内在约束。缺乏敬畏意识，必然内心狂野，必然天不怕地不怕。缺乏敬畏意识的市场经济，一种可能的结果是：撑死胆大的，饿死胆小的。

如何厚植敬畏意识，是一项系统工程，其中教育是基础。在教育的各个环节，要把敬畏意识培育放在重要位置。国家发展不能没有敬畏。

Song Guiwu: A good market economy cannot do without a foundation of cultural confidence. Cultural confidence is a deep and lasting force for economic development. A good market economy cannot do without the power of culture, and the power of culture is stronger than that of institutions. Because if there is no cultural support, even the most rigorous institutions will be eroded by culture, making them mere decorations or empty shells. For instance, some countries have introduced systems from other countries that worked well in their original countries but performed poorly in the importing countries, and even had negative effects. This is due to the distorting power of culture.

Good culture should be rich in the three elements of reverence, rationality, and integrity. If culture is rich in these three elements, the transaction costs of the market economy will be greatly reduced, and the market economy will be a regulated one that encourages positive energy.

If culture is seriously lacking in the three elements of reverence, rationality, and integrity, in such a cultural context, the market economy will essentially be a fraudulent economy, an economy of cheating and deception.

Under the background of an officialdom culture, bloodline culture, and relationship culture, the market economy will manifest as a mixed form of bureaucratic economy, bloodline economy, and relationship economy. At the same time, in the absence of the three elements of reverence, rationality, and integrity, the market will be filled with various forms of cheating and deception.

In conclusion, development is the result of a combined force. Both institutional construction and cultural construction are important. A good market economy requires not only strict institutional constraints but also strict cultural constraints. Among the three elements of reverence, rationality, and integrity, it is especially important to cultivate a sense of reverence. Reverence is an internal constraint. Without a sense of reverence, one's inner self will be wild and fearless. A market economy lacking a sense of reverence may lead to the result that the bold will thrive while the cautious will suffer.

Cultivating a sense of reverence is a systematic project, and education is the foundation. In all aspects of education, the cultivation of a sense of reverence should be given a prominent position. A country's development cannot do without reverence.

来源：宋圭武