摘要：DAC0832采用CMOS工艺制造，内部包含8位输入锁存器、8位DAC寄存器、8位D/A转换器以及控制逻辑电路。它能够将8位二进制数字量转换为对应的模拟电流输出，转换时间约1μs。芯片采用20引脚DIP封装，工作电压范围为+5V至+15V。

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一、思维导图

Mind mapping

1. 基本结构与功能

1.Basic Structure and Functions

DAC0832采用CMOS工艺制造，内部包含8位输入锁存器、8位DAC寄存器、8位D/A转换器以及控制逻辑电路。它能够将8位二进制数字量转换为对应的模拟电流输出，转换时间约1μs。芯片采用20引脚DIP封装，工作电压范围为+5V至+15V。

DAC0832 adopts CMOS manufacturing process, containing an 8-bit input latch, 8-bit DAC register, 8-bit D/A converter and control logic circuit. It can convert 8-bit binary digital quantities into corresponding analog current output, with a conversion time of approximately 1μs. The chip comes in 20-pin DIP package with operating voltage range from +5V to +15V.

2. 数据输入与锁存机制

2.Data Input and Latching Mechanism

当51单片机需要输出模拟信号时，首先将8位数据送到DAC0832的数据输入端(DI0-DI7)。此时需要三个控制信号配合：ILE(输入锁存使能)：高电平有效，通常直接接VCC，CS#(片选信号)：低电平有效，WR1#(写信号1)：低电平有效，当这三个信号同时满足条件时，输入数据被锁存到第一级的8位输入寄存器中。

When the 51 microcontroller needs to output analog signals, it first sends 8-bit data to DAC0832's data input pins (DI0-DI7). This requires coordination of three control signals: ILE (Input Latch Enable, active high, typically connected directly to VCC), CS# (Chip Select, active low), and WR1# (Write Signal 1, active low). When all three signals meet their active conditions simultaneously, the input data is latched into the first-stage 8-bit input register.

3. 数据转换过程

3.Data Conversion Process

数据从输入寄存器传输到第二级的DAC寄存器需要另外两个控制信号：XFER#(传输控制)：低电平有效，WR2#(写信号2)：低电平有效，当这两个信号有效时，输入寄存器中的数据被传输到DAC寄存器，并立即开始D/A转换。这种双缓冲结构使得可以在转换当前数据的同时准备下一组数据，提高了转换效率。

Data transfer from the input register to the second-stage DAC register requires two additional control signals: XFER# (Transfer Control, active low) and WR2# (Write Signal 2, active low). When these two signals are active, data from the input register is transferred to the DAC register and D/A conversion begins immediately. This dual-buffer architecture allows preparing the next set of data while converting the current data, improving conversion efficiency.

4. 模拟输出特性

4.Analog Output Characteristics

DAC0832采用电流输出方式，提供两个互补的电流输出端：IOUT1：与数字量成正比的电流输出，IOUT2：与数字量成反比的电流输出

输出电流的计算公式为：IOUT1 = (VREF/R)×(D/256)，IOUT2 = (VREF/R)×(255-D)/256，其中D为输入数字量(0-255)，R为内部反馈电阻(约15kΩ)

DAC0832 uses current output mode, providing two complementary current outputs: IOUT1 (proportional to digital input) and IOUT2 (inversely proportional to digital input). The output current calculation formulas are: IOUT1 = (VREF/R)×(D/256), IOUT2 = (VREF/R)×(255-D)/256, where D is the input digital value (0-255) and R is the internal feedback resistor (approximately 15kΩ).

5. 电压输出实现

5.Voltage Output Implementation

由于大多数应用需要电压输出，通常需要外接运算放大器。典型接法是将IOUT1接运放反相输入端，IOUT2接地，RFB接运放输出端。这样输出电压为：VOUT = -IOUT1×RFB = -VREF×(D/256)

As most applications require voltage output, an external operational amplifier is typically needed. The standard connection method is: IOUT1 connects to the op-amp's inverting input, IOUT2 connects to ground, and RFB connects to the op-amp's output. This gives an output voltage of: VOUT = -IOUT1×RFB = -VREF×(D/256).

6. 工作模式选择

6.Operating Mode Selection

DAC0832支持三种工作模式：(1) 直通模式：两级寄存器都直通，数据直接转换，(2) 单缓冲模式：只使用一级寄存器，(3) 双缓冲模式：两级寄存器都使用

DAC0832 supports three operating modes: (1) Direct mode (both registers transparent, direct data conversion), (2) Single-buffer mode (using only one register), and (3) Double-buffer mode (using both registers).

7. 与51单片机的接口设计

7.InterfaceDesign with 51 Microcontroller

典型连接方式：，数据线：DI0-DI7接P0口(需加上拉电阻)，控制线：CS#、WR1#、WR2#、XFER#由P2口控制， ILE接VCC，参考电压VREF根据需要接固定电压或可调电压

Typical connection method: Data lines (DI0-DI7) connect to P0 port (requires pull-up resistors), control lines (CS#, WR1#, WR2#, XFER#) are controlled by P2 port, ILE connects to VCC, and reference voltage VREF connects to either fixed or adjustable voltage as needed.

8. 应用注意事项

8.Application Considerations

(1) 参考电压稳定性直接影响转换精度，建议使用精密基准源(2) 数字地和模拟地要分开布线，最后单点连接(3) 电源端要加去耦电容(0.1μF陶瓷电容并联10μF电解电容)(4) 输出运放要选择低噪声、低温漂的型号(5) 在干扰较大场合，建议在数字输入端加施密特触发器

(1) Reference voltage stability directly affects conversion accuracy - precision voltage reference is recommended (2) Digital and analog grounds should be routed separately and connected at a single point (3) Power supply pins need decoupling capacitors (0.1μF ceramic capacitor in parallel with 10μF electrolytic capacitor) (4) Choose low-noise, low-drift op-amps for output (5) In high-interference environments, add Schmitt triggers to digital inputs.

9. 典型应用电路

9.Typical Application Circuit

一个完整的DAC0832应用电路包括：参考电压电路，数字接口电路，电流-电压转换电路，输出滤波电路

A complete DAC0832 application circuit includes: reference voltage circuit, digital interface circuit, current-to-voltage conversion circuit, and output filter circuit.

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