摘要：时态变化：不同时态下be 动词形式不同。例如一般现在时是 am/is/are + 过去分词；一般过去时是 was/were + 过去分词。像 “English is spoken in many countries.”（一般现在时）；“The window w

一、基本结构方面

被动语态的基本结构是“be + 及物动词的过去分词”，其中 be 动词会随着时态、主语人称和数的变化而改变。

1、时态变化：不同时态下be 动词形式不同。例如一般现在时是 am/is/are + 过去分词；一般过去时是 was/were + 过去分词。像 “English is spoken in many countries.”（一般现在时）；“The window was broken yesterday.”（一般过去时）。

2、主谓一致：be 动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果主语是第三人称单数，一般现在时用 is；如果是复数主语，就用 are。如 “The book is written by Lu Xun.”；“The books are written by different writers.”

3、及物动词和不及物动词方面

及物动词：只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为被动语态强调动作的承受者，而及物动词本身就可以直接带宾语。例如“We clean the classroom every day.” 变为被动语态就是 “The classroom is cleaned by us every day.”

不及物动词：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。比如“happen”“take place”“come true” 等，只能说 “An accident happened on the road.” 不能说 “An accident was happened on the road.”

4、主动变被动时的特殊情况

含有双宾语的主动句变被动句：当主动句中有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）时，变被动句有两种方式。可以把直接宾语变为主语，也可以把间接宾语变为主语。例如“He gave me a book.” 可以变为 “I was given a book by him.” 或者 “A book was given to me by him.”

含有复合宾语（宾语+ 宾语补足语）的主动句变被动句：如果主动句中含有复合宾语，变为被动句时，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。例如 “We found him lying on the ground.” 变为被动语态 “He was found lying on the ground by us.”

5、情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，结构是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。例如 “We must keep the classroom clean.” 变为 “The classroom must be kept clean by us.”

6、短语动词的被动语态

一些由“动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词，在变为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词去掉。例如 “We should take good care of the old people.” 变为 “The old people should be taken good care of by us.”

来源：海瑛教育