摘要：在英语语法中，助动词是一类非常重要的词，它本身没有实际意义，不能单独作谓语，而是协助主要动词构成谓语，用来表达各种时态、语态、语气，以及构成疑问句和否定句等。常见的助动词包括be（am/is/are/was/were/being/been ）、do（do/do
在英语语法中，助动词是一类非常重要的词，它本身没有实际意义，不能单独作谓语，而是协助主要动词构成谓语，用来表达各种时态、语态、语气，以及构成疑问句和否定句等。常见的助动词包括be（am/is/are/was/were/being/been ）、do（do/does/did ）、have（have/has/had ）、shall（should ）、will（would ）以及情态助动词can（could ）、may（might ）、must、need、dare、ought to 等。下面为你详细介绍11个常见助动词的用法及双语例句：
1. Be 动词（am/is/are/was/were/being/been ）
- 构成进行时态：be + 现在分词
- I am studying English now.（我现在正在学习英语。）
- She is reading a book in the library.（她正在图书馆看书。）
- They are playing football on the playground.（他们正在操场上踢足球。）
- I was watching TV at this time yesterday.（昨天这个时候我正在看电视。）
- He was doing his homework when I came in.（我进来的时候他正在做作业。）
- We were having a party last night.（昨晚我们正在举办派对。）
- The students are being taught by a new teacher this semester.（这个学期学生们正由一位新老师授课。）
- She has been waiting for you for two hours.（她已经等你两个小时了。）
- 构成被动语态：be + 过去分词
- The bike is repaired by my father.（自行车被我父亲修好了。）
- The letter is written in English.（这封信是用英语写的。）
- These books are sold in this bookstore.（这些书在这家书店出售。）
- The window was broken by the naughty boy.（窗户被那个调皮的男孩打破了。）
- The house was built ten years ago.（这房子是十年前建造的。）
- The cake was eaten up by the children.（蛋糕被孩子们吃光了。）
- The project is being carried out smoothly.（项目正在顺利进行中。）
- The work has been finished ahead of time.（工作已经提前完成了。）
- 与动词不定式连用，表示计划、安排、命令、征求意见等
- We are to meet at the school gate at 8:00 tomorrow.（我们明天八点在校门口见面。）
- He is to go on a business trip next week.（他下周要去出差。）
- You are to stay here until I come back.（你要待在这里直到我回来。）
- How am I to answer his question?（我该如何回答他的问题呢？）
- Who is to take charge of this project?（谁来负责这个项目呢？）
2. Do （do/does/did ）
- 构成一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句：do/does/did + 主语 + 动词原形
- Do you like music?（你喜欢音乐吗？）
- Does she go to school by bike every day?（她每天骑自行车上学吗？）
- Did they visit the museum last week?（他们上周参观博物馆了吗？）
- Do your parents work in the same company?（你父母在同一家公司工作吗？）
- Does your brother play basketball on weekends?（你哥哥周末打篮球吗？）
- Did you have a good time at the party last night?（你昨晚在派对上玩得开心吗？）
- Do they often go shopping together?（他们经常一起去购物吗？）
- Does the little girl like drawing pictures?（这个小女孩喜欢画画吗？）
- Did you see the movie yesterday?（你昨天看那部电影了吗？）
- 构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句：do/does/did + not + 动词原形（don't/doesn't/didn't + 动词原形 ）
- I don't like coffee.（我不喜欢咖啡。）
- She doesn't want to go there.（她不想去那里。）
- They didn't finish their homework on time.（他们没有按时完成作业。）
- We don't play games on weekdays.（我们工作日不玩游戏。）
- He doesn't know the answer to the question.（他不知道这个问题的答案。）
- They didn't go to the park yesterday because of the rain.（因为下雨，他们昨天没去公园。）
- I don't think he is right.（我认为他不对。）
- She doesn't have breakfast every morning.（她不是每天早上都吃早餐。）
- They didn't tell me the truth.（他们没有告诉我真相。）
- 用于强调谓语动词：do/does/did + 动词原形
- I do love you.（我真的爱你。）
- She does like this book.（她确实喜欢这本书。）
- He did come to school yesterday.（他昨天确实来学校了。）
- We do need your help.（我们真的需要你的帮助。）
- They do want to go on a trip.（他们真的想去旅行。）
- She does work hard at her studies.（她学习确实很努力。）
- I do hope you can come to my party.（我真的希望你能来参加我的派对。）
- He does believe what you said.（他确实相信你说的话。）
- They do play basketball well.（他们篮球打得确实好。）
- 代替前面刚出现的动词，以避免重复
- — Do you often play football?（你经常踢足球吗？）
— Yes, I do.（是的，我经常踢。）（do 代替 play football ）
- She likes singing, and her sister does too.（她喜欢唱歌，她姐姐也喜欢。）（does 代替 likes singing ）
- He runs faster than I do.（他跑得比我快。）（do 代替 run ）
- They study harder than we do.（他们学习比我们努力。）（do 代替 study ）
- — Does your mother cook dinner every day?（你妈妈每天做晚饭吗？）
— Yes, she does.（是的，她每天做。）（does 代替 cooks dinner ）
- — Did you go to the cinema last night?（你昨晚去看电影了吗？）
— No, I didn't.（不，我没去。）（didn't 代替 go to the cinema ）
- She can dance well, and he can do too.（她跳舞跳得好，他也跳得好。）（do 代替 dance ）
- They speak English fluently, and we do too.（他们英语说得很流利，我们也说得很流利。）（do 代替 speak English ）
- He plays the piano better than his brother does.（他钢琴弹得比他哥哥好。）（does 代替 plays the piano ）
3. Have （have/has/had ）
- 构成完成时态：have/has/had + 过去分词
- I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业。）
- She has been to Beijing twice.（她去过北京两次。）
- They have lived here for ten years.（他们在这里住了十年了。）
- He has already eaten breakfast.（他已经吃过早餐了。）
- We have seen that movie before.（我们以前看过那部电影。）
- The students have learned a lot of knowledge this term.（这个学期学生们学到了很多知识。）
- She has made great progress in her English.（她在英语方面取得了很大进步。）
- They have visited many places of interest.（他们参观了许多名胜古迹。）
- I had finished reading the book before he came back.（在他回来之前我已经读完了这本书。）
- 构成完成进行时态：have/has/had + been + 现在分词
- I have been waiting for you for a long time.（我已经等你很长时间了。）
- She has been studying English since she was ten.（她从十岁起就一直在学英语。）
- They have been working on this project for two months.（他们一直在做这个项目，已经两个月了。）
- He has been playing basketball all afternoon.（他整个下午都在打篮球。）
- We have been looking for a new house recently.（最近我们一直在找新房子。）
- The workers have been building the bridge for half a year.（工人们建这座桥已经半年了。）
- She has been practicing the piano every day.（她每天都在练习钢琴。）
- They have been traveling around the world for a year.（他们环游世界已经一年了。）
- I had been waiting for the bus for an hour when it finally came.（公共汽车终于来的时候，我已经等了一个小时了。）
4. Shall （should ）
- 用于第一人称（I/we ），构成一般将来时，表示单纯的将来事实：shall + 动词原形
- I shall go to the park tomorrow.（我明天要去公园。）
- We shall have a meeting next Monday.（我们下周一要开会。）
- I shall visit my grandparents this weekend.（这个周末我要去看望我的祖父母。）
- We shall start our journey next month.（我们下个月将开始我们的旅程。）
- I shall give you a call as soon as I arrive.（我一到就给你打电话。）
- We shall try our best to help you.（我们会尽力帮助你。）
- I shall write to you when I get there.（我到那里后会给你写信。）
- We shall have a party to celebrate the New Year.（我们将举办一个派对来庆祝新年。）
- I shall buy a new book next week.（我下周要买一本新书。）
- should作为shall的过去式，用于第一人称（I/we ），构成过去将来时：should + 动词原形
- I told him that I should go to the cinema.（我告诉他我要去看电影。）
- We said that we should visit the museum the next day.（我们说第二天我们要去参观博物馆。）
- I thought I should pass the exam easily.（我原以为我能轻松通过考试。）
- We hoped that we should have a good time on the trip.（我们希望这次旅行能玩得开心。）
- I promised that I should come back early.（我答应我会早点回来。）
- We planned that we should meet at the airport.（我们计划在机场见面。）
- I expected that I should get a good present.（我期待我能得到一份好礼物。）
- We decided that we should go camping this weekend.（我们决定这个周末去露营。）
- I imagined that I should become a famous singer.（我想象我会成为一名著名歌手。）
- should表示“应该”，用于各种人称，提出建议、义务或责任等
- You should study hard.（你应该努力学习。）
- He should go to bed early.（他应该早点睡觉。）
- They should help each other.（他们应该互相帮助。）
- We should take care of our parents.（我们应该照顾我们的父母。）
- You should listen to your teacher carefully in class.（你应该在课堂上认真听老师讲课。）
- He should be more careful when driving.（他开车时应该更小心。）
- They should keep the classroom clean.（他们应该保持教室干净。）
- We should respect the old.（我们应该尊敬老人。）
- You should not tell lies.（你不应该说谎。）
5. Will （would ）
- 构成一般将来时，表示将来的动作或状态，可用于各种人称：will + 动词原形
- I will go shopping tomorrow.（我明天要去购物。）
- She will visit her friends next week.（她下周要去拜访她的朋友。）
- They will have a party tonight.（他们今晚要举办一个派对。）
- He will come back soon.（他很快就会回来。）
- We will travel to Beijing during the holiday.（我们假期将去北京旅游。）
- The students will take an exam next month.（学生们下个月要参加考试。）
- She will buy a new dress for the party.（她会为派对买一条新裙子。）
- They will start a new project next year.（他们明年将开始一个新项目。）
- He will give a speech at the meeting.（他将在会议上发表演讲。）
- would作为will的过去式，用于各种人称，构成过去将来时：would + 动词原形
- She said that she would go to the concert.（她说她要去听音乐会。）
- They told me that they would come to see me.（他们告诉我他们会来看我。）
- He thought that he would pass the driving test.（他原以为他会通过驾驶考试。）
- We believed that we would win the game.（我们相信我们会赢得比赛。）
- I promised that I would help him with his homework.（我答应会帮他做作业。）
- She planned that she would study abroad next year.（她计划明年出国留学。）
- They expected that they would have a great time on vacation.（他们期待假期能玩得很开心。）
- He decided that he would buy a new car.（他决定要买一辆新车。）
- We hoped that we would meet again soon.（我们希望很快能再次见面。）
- will表示意愿、决心、请求等
- I will help you with your problem.（我愿意帮你解决问题。）
- He will never give up.（他永远不会放弃。）
- Will you please pass me the book?（请你把书递给我好吗？）
- We will support you no matter what happens.（无论发生什么，我们都会支持你。）
- She will do her best to achieve her goal.（她会尽最大努力实现她的目标。）
- Will you join us for dinner?（你愿意和我们一起吃晚餐吗？）
- He will fight for his rights.（他会为自己的权利而斗争。）
- They will take on the challenge.（他们会接受挑战。）
- Will you marry me?（你愿意嫁给我吗？）
- would表示过去的习惯动作，“过去常常”
- When I was young, I would go swimming every summer.（我小时候，每年夏天都会去游泳。）
- He would always help others when they were in trouble.（当别人有困难时，他总是会帮助他们。）
- They would play games after school.（他们过去放学后常常玩游戏。）
- My father would tell me stories before I went to bed.（我父亲过去常在我睡觉前给我讲故事。）
- She would visit her grandparents every weekend.（她过去每个周末都会去看望她的祖父母。）
- We would go for a walk in the park after dinner.（我们过去晚饭后常常去公园散步。）
- He would spend hours reading books.（他过去常常花几个小时看书。）
- They would travel to different places during holidays.（他们过去假期常常去不同的地方旅行。）
- I would listen to music to relax myself.（我过去常常听音乐来放松自己。）
- would用于现在时态，表示委婉的请求、建议等，比will更客气
- Would you like some coffee?（你想来点咖啡吗？）
- Would you mind opening the window?（你介意打开窗户吗？）
- I would suggest you see a doctor.（我建议你去看医生。）
- Would you please give me a hand?（请你帮我一下好吗？）
- I would like to have a word with you.（我想和你说句话。）
- Would you consider my proposal?（你能考虑一下我的提议吗？）
- I would recommend this book to you.（我向你推荐这本书。）
- Would you like to come to my birthday party?（你愿意来参加我的生日派对吗？）
- I would rather you told me the truth.（我宁愿你告诉我真相。）
6. Can （could ）
- 表示能力，“能，会”：can/could + 动词原形
- I can speak English.（我会说英语。）
- She can play the piano.（她会弹钢琴。）
- They can run very fast.（他们能跑得很快。）
- He can solve the problem easily.（他能轻松解决这个问题。）
- We can swim in the river.（我们能在河里游泳。）
- The little boy can ride a bike.（这个小男孩会骑自行车。）
- She can draw beautiful pictures.（她能画出漂亮的画。）
- They can sing many English songs.（他们会唱很多英文歌。）
- I could play basketball when I was young.（我年轻时会打篮球。）
- 表示请求许可，“可以” ，could 比 can 更委婉
- Can I use your pen?（我可以用你的钢笔吗？）
- Could I borrow your book?（我可以借你的书吗？）
- Can we go out now?（我们现在可以出去吗？）
来源：蒙古元素