摘要：根据词源网，ruffle/'rʌfl/ 可能源自中古英语 ruffelen (意为"弄皱")，与古诺尔斯语 hrufla (抓挠) 或低地德语 ruffelen (起皱) 相关。

根据词源网，ruffle /'rʌfl/ 可能源自中古英语 ruffelen (意为"弄皱")，与古诺尔斯语 hrufla (抓挠) 或低地德语 ruffelen (起皱) 相关。

另一说法则认为与大家熟悉的 rough (粗糙) 的发音讹误有关，引申出"皱褶，扰乱"等含义。

词义

剑桥在线字典对 ruffle 基本义的解释：

She affectionately ruffled his hair with her hand as she passed.
她从他身边走过时，亲昵地伸手拂乱了他的头发。

The birds ruffled their feathers (up) in alarm.
乌惊恐地竖起了羽毛。

The pond's surface was gently ruffled by the night wind.
夜晚的微风轻轻拂皱了池塘的水面。

A breeze ruffled the neat hedges of Privet Drive.
一阵微风吹乱了女贞路整洁的树篱。

也可以引申为惹怒某人或使某人不安，尤其常用于 ruffle someone's / some / a few / a lot of feathers 的习语中。因鸟儿在受到惊吓时，会竖起羽毛，故有此引申义。

He's easily ruffled by criticism.
他受到一点批评都会恼羞成怒。

His direct, often abrasive approach will doubtless ruffle a few feathers.
他那直截了当、往往还粗鲁生硬的办事方式无疑会激怒一些人。

作名词的 ruffle 指褶皱，荷叶边，与 frill 同义。

△Types of ruffles

中学

disorder /dɪs'ɔ:dər/：打乱

四六级

tangle /'tæŋgl/：使缠结

出国

dishevel /dɪ'ʃevl/：弄乱

rumple /'rʌmpl/：弄皱

形近

不管在词形和词义上，riffle/'rɪfl/ 都与 ruffle 相近，前者作动词指快速翻动，洗牌或弄皱，作名词指浅滩，有些字典还记录了"涟漪"之意，不过这个词义使用频率远不如 ripple。

He riffled through the page.
他飞快地翻阅着书页

She riffled through her leather handbag.
她将她的手提皮包快速翻找了一遍。

There was a slight breeze that riffled her hair.
一丝微风吹乱了她的头发。

影视

△42 (《42号传奇》2013)

名著

以下段落摘自美国作家玛格丽特·米歇尔的《飘》(Gone with the Wind) 第三章，该书首版于1936年6月30日，同名电影拍摄于1939年，在次年第12届奥斯卡金像奖中获得了包括最佳女主角在内的10项大奖。

As far back as Scarlett could remember, her mother had always been the same, her voice soft and sweet whether in praising or in reproving, her manner efficient and unruffled despite the daily emergencies of Gerald's turbulent household, her spirit always calm and her back unbowed, even in the deaths of her three baby sons. Scarlett had never seen her mother's back touch the back of any chair on which she sat. Nor had she ever seen her sit down without a bit of needlework in her hands, except at mealtime, while attending the sick or while working at the bookkeeping of the plantation. It was delicate embroidery if company were present, but at other times her hands were occupied with Gerald's ruffled shirts, the girls' dresses or garments for the slaves.

从思嘉记得的最早时候起，她母亲便一直是这个样子，她的声音，无论在称赞或者责备别人时，总是那么柔和而甜蜜；她的态度，尽管杰拉尔德在纷纷扰扰的家事中经常要出点乱子，却始终是那么沉着，应付自如；她的精神总是平静的，脊背总是挺直的，甚至在她的三个幼儿夭折时也是这样。思嘉从没见过母亲坐着时将背靠在椅子背上，也从没见过她手里不拿点针线活儿便坐下来（除了吃饭），即使是陪伴病人或审核农场账目的时候。在有客人在场时，她手里是精巧的刺绣，别的时候则是缝制杰拉尔德的衬衫、女孩子的衣裳或农奴们的衣服。

来源：学无用的英语