摘要：So, by the end of this video, you'll have a solid understanding of what past participles are and how to use them.

Hello, everyone.

大家好。

And welcome back or welcome if you're new to my channel.

欢迎新老观众收看本频道。

I'm here to help you with your English learning.

我会在这里帮助大家学习英语。

Today, we're going to be talking about past participles.

今天，我们要讲的是过去分词。

Now, past participles are an essential part of English grammar.

过去分词是英语语法中的重要组成部分。

They are used in various tenses and sentence structures.

过去分词可以用在各种时态和句子结构中。

So, by the end of this video, you'll have a solid understanding of what past participles are and how to use them.

因此，看完本期视频后，你就能扎实掌握什么是过去分词以及如何使用它们。

Let's go!

我们开始吧。

First, let's define what a past participle is.

首先，我们来给过去分词下个定义。

A past participle is a verb form which typically ends in -ed for regular verbs in English.

过去分词是一种动词形式,在英语里，规则动词的过去分词通常以“-ed”结尾。

So, for example, the verb walk, the past participle is walked.

比如，动词“walk”（走路）的过去分词是“walked”。

Or the verb play, the past participle is played.

动词“play”（玩耍）的过去分词是 “played”。

Now, of course, there are many irregular verbs and the past participle form can vary.

当然，英语里还有很多不规则动词，它们的过去分词形式也各不相同。

There is not a set rule for this.

这方面没有固定的规则。

We just have to memorize these over time.

这些只能靠我们花时间记忆。

Some common examples are the verb go, the past participle is gone.

比如常见的动词“go”（去），它的过去分词是“gone”。

Or the verb eat, the past participle is eaten.

动词“eat”（吃）的过去分词则是“eaten”。

Later in this video, we'll go through a longer list of these irregular verbs that are used very often in English.

视频的后半段，我们会梳理一份英语中常用的不规则动词列表。

So stick with me until then!

大家一定要看到最后哦！

When do we use the past participle?

那我们什么时候会用到过去分词呢？

Past participles are used in several verb tenses in English.

在英语中，过去分词可用于多种动词时态。

Here are the main verb tenses that use past participles.

下面我们来看看使用过去分词的几种主要时态。

First, we have the present perfect tense.

首先是现在完成时。

The present perfect tense is formed by combining the auxiliary verb have or has with the past participle of the main verb.

它的构成是助动词“have”或“has”，加上主要动词的过去分词。

So, an example would be: "I have visited Paris." The past participle is visited.

举个例子：“我去过巴黎。”这里的过去分词是“visited”。

This tense is used to describe actions or events that happened at an unspecified time in the past, but it has relevance or a connection to the present.

现在完成时用于描述发生在过去但具体时间不明确，且与现在有关联的动作或事件。

If your friend is talking about Paris, you could say: "Oh, I have visited Paris!" or, "I've visited Paris." And this is not a specific time in the past.

如果你的朋友在聊巴黎，你就可以说：“哦，我去过巴黎。”或者，“我去过巴黎。”这句话并没有指明过去的具体时间。

It's something that has happened and it's relevant to what we're talking about in the present.

只是表示这件事发生过，而且和我们当下的谈话内容有关。

Another verb tense that uses the past participle is the past perfect tense.

另一个使用过去分词的动词时态是过去完成时。

The past perfect tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb had, so the past tense, the simple past tense of have.

过去完成时由助动词“had”构成，也就是“have”的一般过去式。

And it's followed by the past participle of the main verb.

后面再跟上主要动词的过去分词。

So, an example would be: "She had already finished her homework when I called." The past participle here is finished.

举个例子：“我打电话给她时，她已经做完作业了。”这里的过去分词是“finished”。

We use the past perfect tense to describe actions or events that happened before another past action.

过去完成时用于描述在另一个过去动作发生之前，已经完成的动作或事件。

So, I like to tell my students it's like describing the past of the past.

我常跟学生说，这就像是在描述“过去的过去”。

So, "I called" happened in the past, that already happened.

比如句中“我打电话”这个动作发生在过去。

But even before I called, she had finished her homework.

但在我打电话之前，“她就已经做完作业了”。

Past participles are also used when constructing passive voice sentences.

过去分词还可用于构成被动语态的句子。

In the passive voice, the subject receives the action rather than doing it or performing the action.

在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，而不是动作的发出者。

So, an example would be: "The book was written by the author." Here, the past participle is "written", which is, of course, irregular.

举个例子：“这本书是那位作者写的。”这里的过去分词是“written”，当然，它是不规则的过去分词形式。

And it's used in the passive voice to describe the action done to the book.

在这个被动句中，它用来描述施加于书本的动作。

The book was written.

这本书被写出来了。

Now, there are two more tenses in the passive voice that use the past participle.

另外，被动语态中还有两种时态会用到过去分词。

And the first one is the present perfect passive voice.

第一个是现在完成时的被动语态。

This is a combination of the present perfect tense that we already talked about and passive voice.

它结合了我们刚才讲过的现在完成时和被动语态。

It's formed by using the auxiliary verb "have/has" with "been", followed by the past participle of the main verb.

它的构成是助动词“have”或“has”加上“been”，后面再跟上主要动词的过去分词。

Now, just to point out, "been" is the past participle of the verb "be".

这里需要指出，“been”本身就是动词“be”的过去分词。

But you always use "have/has" + been, and then your main verb past participle.

但在用法上，其结构固定为“have”或“has”加上“been”，然后再跟上主要动词的过去分词。

So, an example would be: "The report has been written by the team." We use this to describe actions that have been completed recently and have relevance to the present, while, of course, being in the passive, so focusing on the recipient of the action.

举个例子：“这份报告已经由团队写好了。”我们用这个句式来描述近期完成且与现在相关的动作。当然，由于是被动语态，句子的重点是动作的承受者。

So, here, the report is the subject.

所以在这个句子里，报告是主语。

The report has been written.

报告已经写好了。

That happened recently, recent past.

这件事刚发生不久。

Maybe someone was asking about the report.

可能正好有人在问这份报告的事。

It's relevant to the situation.

这与当前场景相关。

You could say: "The report has been written." And that brings us to the past perfect passive voice.

你就可以说，“报告已经写好了”。这就引出了我们今天要讲的过去完成时被动语态。

Similar to the present perfect passive voice, this tense combines the past perfect tense with the passive voice.

这个时态和现在完成时被动语态类似，都是完成时和被动语态的结合。

And it is formed by using "had been" followed by the past participle of the main verb.

其构成是“had been”后接主要动词的过去分词。

Here's an example: "The package had been delivered before noon." Now, we use this tense to describe actions that were completed before a specific point in the past.

我们来看个例句：“包裹在中午之前就送到了。”我们用这个时态来描述过去某一特定时间点前就已完成的动作。

And of course, it's in passive voice, so it emphasizes the subject receiving the action.

当然，由于是被动语态，它所强调的是接受动作的主语。

So in this sentence, the package had been delivered before a specific point in time: before noon.

所以在这个句子里，包裹是在一个特定的时间点，也就是中午之前送到的。

It happened in the past before a specific time in the past.

它发生在过去的某个特定时间点之前。

So these are the main verb tenses that use past participles in English.

以上就是在英语中会用到过去分词的主要动词时态。

Understanding how past participles are used in these tenses is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences.

理解过去分词在这些时态中的用法，是写出语法正确句子的关键。

There is another important use of past participles in English and that is to use them as adjectives.

过去分词在英语里还有另一个重要用途，就是作形容词。

This is a valuable way to add detail and information to your writing and speaking, and you will hear past participles being used as adjectives a lot by native speakers.

这种方法非常实用，能让你的写作和口语内容更丰富，英语母语者也经常把过去分词当形容词用。

Let's take the sentence: "The broken window needs to be repaired." In this sentence, "broken" is the past participle of the verb "break".

我们来看这个句子：“那扇破损的窗户需要修理。”在这个句子里，“broken”就是动词“break”的过去分词。

It's used here as an adjective to describe the window.

在这里，它被用作形容词来描述这扇窗户。

It tells us something about the condition of the window.

它说明了窗户的状况。

Here's another example: "The excited children eagerly awaited their presents." In this case, "excited" is a past participle and it's used as an adjective to describe the children.

再看一个例句：“兴奋的孩子们急切地等待着他们的礼物。”在这个例句里，“excited”是一个过去分词，用作形容词来描述孩子们。

It conveys their emotional state.

它描述了孩子们的情绪状态。

So like I said, using past participles as adjectives is a really important aspect of writing and speaking in English.

所以就像我刚才说的，把过去分词用作形容词，是英语写作和口语中非常重要的一个方面。

Definitely look for opportunities when you can use past participle as adjectives.

所以大家一定要多找机会，试着把过去分词当作形容词来用。

Before we conclude today's video, let's discuss some common mistakes to avoid when using past participles.

在结束本期视频前，我们来聊聊使用过去分词时需要避免的常见错误。

The first being: confusing past participles with the simple past tense.

第一个就是把过去分词和一般过去时搞混。

Remember, the past participles are used in many different tenses, but it should not be confused with the simple past tense.

记住，过去分词会用在很多不同的时态里，但不要把它和一般过去时混淆了。

So, let's look at the verb "walk".

我们来看看动词“walk”。

Our base verb is "walk", the simple past is "walked", and the past participle is "walked".

动词原形是“walk”，一般过去时是“walked”，过去分词也是“walked”。

So, the past participle and the simple past are the same for this verb.

所以对于这个动词来说，它的过去分词和一般过去时是一样的。

But if we look at, for example, the verb "go", which is irregular, the simple past is "went", but the past participle is "gone".

但如果我们看不规则动词，比如“go”，它的一般过去时是“went”，而过去分词是“gone”。

So, here, the past tense, the simple past, and the past participle are different.

所以在这里，一般过去时和过去分词是不同的。

So they're not always the same, so it's easy to get these confused when they are the same.

可见两者并非总是相同，所以当它们形式相同的时候，就很容易搞混。

Another common mistake is remembering the irregular verbs.

另一个常见错误是记不住不规则动词的变化。

So be sure to memorize the past participle of these irregular verbs because there is no pattern and there's no rule.

所以一定要记住这些不规则动词的过去分词形式，因为它们的变化没有什么模式或规则可循。

But here, I will give you a list of the most common irregular past participle forms which you should memorize.

下面，我来给大家列举一些最常见的不规则过去分词，大家务必要记住。

Well, that's all for today's lesson on past participles!

好了，以上就是今天关于过去分词课程的全部内容！

I hope you found this video helpful in understanding how they work and how to use them in various different tenses and within sentences, also as adjectives.

希望本期视频能帮助大家理解过去分词的用法，并学会在各种时态和句型中，以及作为形容词时，如何正确使用它们。

If you have any questions or you'd like to see more videos on specific topics in English, please let me know in the comments below.

如果你有任何问题，或者想看更多关于特定英语主题的视频，请在下方的评论区告诉我。

Don't forget to like this video, subscribe to my channel, and hit that notification bell so you don't miss any future English learning lessons.

别忘了给本期视频点赞、订阅我的频道，并打开通知，这样就不会错过未来的任何一节英语学习课啦。

Thanks so much for watching, and I will see you in my next video!

非常感谢大家的收看，我们下期视频再见。

Until then, bye!

下次见，拜拜。

来源：英语东