摘要:情态助动词 "can" 在英语中用途广泛,主要表示能力、可能性、许可和请求等含义。其用法涉及语义、语法和语用层面,以下为详细分析:
情态助动词 "can" 在英语中用途广泛,主要表示能力、可能性、许可和请求等含义。其用法涉及语义、语法和语用层面,以下为详细分析:
指体力、智力或技能上的能力,即“能够做某事”,常用于现在或泛指情况(过去能力用
could)。
She can speak three languages.(技能)Birds can fly.(自然能力)Can you solve this problem?(智力能力)注意:
将来能力通常用 will be able to(如 I will be able to attend the meeting tomorrow)。完成能力用 have been able to(如 He hasn't been able to sleep well)。a. 理论或普遍可能性(指根据客观条件可能发生的事):
Smoking can cause cancer.(科学事实)It can get very cold here in winter.(季节性现象)b. 具体语境中的可能性(≈ "may/might",但 "can" 更强调逻辑上的可能):
The keys can be in the drawer.(推测,但较罕见,通常用 could/may/might)否定句中更常见:He can't be at home; his car is gone.(强烈否定推测)用于非正式场合允许或禁止某事(正式场合用 may)。
You can leave early today.(允许)Can I borrow your pen?(请求许可)Students can't use phones in class.(禁止)对比 "may":
May I go?(更正式/礼貌)Can I go?(日常口语)委婉提出请求,常见于疑问句。
Can you pass me the salt?Can you help me with this?礼貌升级:
Could/Would you...?(更礼貌)a. 提议或建议:
Can I help you with those bags?We can try the new restaurant.b. 与感官动词连用(代替现在进行时):
I can hear someone knocking.(≈ I hear someone knocking.)c. 固定表达:
You can't be serious!(难以置信)Can’t help doing sth.(忍不住做某事)I can’t help laughing.(我忍不住笑。)Can’t wait to do sth.(迫不及待要做某事)I can’t wait to see you.(我迫不及待想见到你。)"Can" 仅用于现在能力,过去/将来需用 could/was able to/will be able to。过去某次具体成功动作用 was able to(非 could):He was able to fix the car yesterday.(✓)He could fix the car yesterday.(✗ 除非表泛指能力)时态现在时过去时礼貌程度一般更礼貌假设/虚拟不适用适用可能性较确定(常用于否定/疑问)较不确定(可用于肯定)例:虚拟语气或假设情况
Could 可以表示假设、可能性或委婉的建议,而 can 通常不这么用。If I had more time, I could learn French.(如果我有更多时间,我就能学法语。)You could try calling him again.(你可以再试着给他打个电话。)来源:大地在沉睡我们在赶路