QC旧七大手法

摘要：everyone good afternoon.i am sorry ,the article of today is a little long,but it's helpful for who work in qualtiy control.

everyone good afternoon.i am sorry ,the article of today is a little long,but it's helpful for who work in qualtiy control.

write diary everyday,July 21, 2025

QC 7 methods

Let’s continue to talk about how to control quality?

Today it’s going to talk about QC 7 methods.

QC 7 methods include old and new seven techniques each：

按照百度AI的回答如下：According to the answer of Baidu AL:

旧QC七大手法是质量管理中常用的七种统计工具，包括检查表、排列图、因果图、直方图、控制图、散点图和分层法。

Th old QC seven methods are seven statistical tools commonly used is quality management,including 1check sheet,2arrangement chart,3cause chart,4Histogram,5control chart,6scatter plot and 7stratification method.

QC七大手法（又称品管七大工具）是质量管理的基础工具，主要用于数据收集、问题分析和过程改进。这些工具由日本质量管理专家开发，广泛应用于制造业和服务业的质量控制中。‌‌

The Seven Methods of quality control (also known as the seven Tools of quality control) are the basic tools to quality management,mainly used for data collection,problem analysis and process improvement.These tolls were developed by japanese quality management experts and widely used in quality control manufacturing and service industries.

‌七大手法详解‌

Seven techniques in detail

‌检查表（查检表）‌。

用于系统化收集和记录数据，格式灵活，适用于现场问题点检或记录。‌‌

Check sheet (inspection sheet).it is used to systematically collect and record data.it has flexible format and is suitable for on-site problem inspection or recording.‌‌

示例：记录生产线不良品的类型和频率。

Example:

Record the type and frequency of defective products on the production line.

‌排列图（柏拉图）‌。

基于“二八法则”识别关键问题因素，通过柱状图和累积曲线展示数据优先级。‌‌

The arrangement diagram)(Plato）‌‌

Identify key problem factors on the “80/20 rule” and display data priority through bar charts and cumulative curves.

作用：聚焦80%不良原因中的20%关键因素。

Function:focus on the 20% of key factors among the 80% adverse (adj.不利的, 有害的, 反面的)causes.

‌因果图（鱼骨图）‌。

通过人、机、料、法、环等维度追溯问题根本原因，形似鱼骨。‌‌‌‌

Cause diagram (fishbone diagram).it traces the root cause of problem through the dimensions of people machine,material,method and environment ,which resembles( v.像…，类似于 resemble的第三人称单数 ), 效仿) a fishbone.

应用：分析产品缺陷的深层原因。

Application :analyze the root cause of product defects.

‌直方图‌。

展示数据分布规律，判断过程是否稳定（如正态分布）。‌‌

Histogram

Show the distribution of data and determine whether the process is stable(e.g.normal distribution）‌‌

示例：检测零件尺寸的波动范围。

Example:

Check the fluctuation (n.波动，涨落，起伏，[物]脉动, 动摇不定，踌躇, [生]彷徨变异)range of part size.

‌控制图（管制图）‌。

监控过程是否处于统计控制状态，通过中心线及上下限识别异常。‌‌

Control chart

Monitor whether the monitoring process is in a state of statistical control ,and identify anomalies through the center line and upper and lower limits.

原理：休哈特提出的±3σ控制界限。

Principle:the ±3σ control limit proposed by Hewhart.

‌散点图（散布图）‌。

分析两个变量间的相关性（如正相关、负相关或无关联）。‌‌

Scatter plot (scatter diagram).

Analyze the correlation between two variable(e.g.,positive correlation,negative correlation,or no correlation).‌‌

用途：验证温度与产品硬度关系。

Purpose:to verify the relationship between temperature and product hardness.

‌分层法（层别法）‌。

按时间、班次、设备等维度分类数据，精准定位异常来源。‌‌

Hierarchical method(layer method).

Classify data by time ,shift,equipment and other dimensions to accurately locate the source of abnormality.‌‌

示例：分时段统计不良率以识别生产薄弱环节。

Example :periodic statistics of defect rate to identify weak links in production.

‌工具应用逻辑‌

Tool application logic

QC七大手法通常配合使用：先通过‌检查表‌收集数据，用‌分层法‌分类，再以‌排列图‌锁定重点问题，结合‌因果图‌分析原因，最后通过‌直方图‌、‌控制图‌和‌散点图‌验证改进效果。‌‌

The seven QC methods are usually used together:first collect data through check sheets,classify them by layering,then identify key problems with arrangement charts,analyze causes with cause diagrams,and finally verify the improvement effect through histograms, control charts and scatter plots.‌