情境教学法:语法也能玩着学?

B站影视 港台电影 2025-08-06 20:00 1

摘要:The Oral Approach, or Situational Language Teaching (SLT), is an approach developed by British applied linguists between the 1930s

【目录】

情境教学法文章介绍

情境教学视频介绍

新概念英语1教学案例

【正文】

The Oral Approach, or Situational Language Teaching (SLT), is an approach developed by British applied linguists between the 1930s and the 1960s. While it is unknown to many teachers, it had a significant influence on language courses until the 1980s. Textbooks such as Streamline English (Hartley and Viney, 1979) were designed following the principles of the SLT approach.

口语法,又称情境语言教学法(SLT),是 20 世纪 30 至 60 年代由英国应用语言学家提出的一种教学方法。尽管许多教师对其并不了解,但直到 20 世纪 80 年代,它都对语言课程有着重要影响。像《流畅英语》(哈特利与维尼,1979)这类教材,便是依照情境教学法的原则编写的。

Structuralist Background

结构主义背景

The Oral Approach or Situational Language Teaching is based on a structural view of language. Speech, structures, and a focus on a set of basic vocabulary items are seen as the foundation of language teaching. This view was similar to that held by American structuralists, such as Fries. However, what distinguishes the Situational Language Teaching approach is its emphasis on the presentation of structures in specific situations.

口语法或情境语言教学法以语言的结构观为基础。口语、结构以及对一组基础词汇的关注,被视为语言教学的核心。这种观点与美国结构主义者(如弗里斯)的观点相似。然而,情境语言教学法的独特之处在于,它强调在特定情境中呈现语言结构。

Behavioristic Background

行为主义背景

The behavioristic view of language learning constitutes the cornerstone of Situational Language Teaching. The approach gives primacy to the processes over the conditions of learning. The following processes are noted in this approach:

语言学习的行为主义观点是情境语言教学法的基石。该方法将学习过程置于学习条件之上,认为过程更为重要。其涉及的学习过程如下:

1. The act of receiving knowledge or material.

接收知识或材料的行为。

2. Repetition to fix that knowledge or material in memory.

通过重复将知识或材料牢记在记忆中。

3. The use of the knowledge or material in actual practice until it becomes a personal skill.

在实际练习中运用这些知识或材料,直至其成为个人技能。

The behaviorist theory of learning is based on the principle of habit formation. Mistakes are discouraged to avoid bad habit formation. Following the premises of behaviorism, a teacher presents language orally, then in written form.

学习的行为主义理论基于习惯养成原则。为避免形成不良习惯,要尽量避免学生犯错。按照行为主义的前提,教师会先口头呈现语言,再以书面形式呈现。

SLT Objectives

情境教学法的目标

The objectives of Situational Language Teaching involve the accurate use of vocabulary items and grammar rules to achieve practical mastery of the four basic skills. Learners must be able to produce accurate pronunciation and use grammar correctly.

情境语言教学法的目标是让学生准确运用词汇和语法规则,从而切实掌握四项基本技能。学习者必须能够发出准确的发音并正确使用语法。

The ultimate aim is to respond quickly and accurately in speech situations with an automatic control of basic structures and sentence patterns.

其最终目的是在口语场景中,能够对基本结构和句型达到自动化掌握,进而快速、准确地做出回应。

Vocabulary And Grammar Control

词汇与语法控制

Situational Language Teaching is characterized by two major features:

情境语言教学法有两个主要特点:

1. Focus on both vocabulary and reading is the most salient trait of SLT. Mastery of a set of high-frequency vocabulary items is believed to lead to good reading skills.

同时关注词汇和阅读是其最显著的特征。人们认为,掌握一组高频词汇有助于培养良好的阅读技能。

2. An analysis of English and a classification of its prominent grammatical structures into sentence patterns (also called situational tables) are believed to help learners internalize grammatical rules.

对英语进行分析,并将其重要的语法结构归类为句型(也称为情境表),这被认为能帮助学习者内化语法规则。

The Syllabus, Techniques, And Activities

教学大纲、技巧与活动

The Situational Language Teaching syllabus is designed based on a word list and structural activities.

情境语言教学法的大纲是基于词汇表和结构性活动设计的。

Grammar teaching involves a situational presentation of new sentence patterns and drills to practice these patterns.

语法教学包括在情境中呈现新句型,并通过操练来练习这些句型。

The teacher moves from controlled to freer practice of structures and from oral use of sentence patterns to their automatic use in speech, reading, and writing.

教师会引导学生从对结构的控制性练习过渡到更自由的练习,从句型的口头运用过渡到在口语、阅读和写作中自动运用。

Typical Lesson In The Situational Language Teaching Method

情境教学法的典型课例

According to Situational Language Teaching, a lesson starts with stress and intonation practice, followed by a revision and presentation of new material (mainly structures or vocabulary). The teacher then proceeds to oral practice and drilling of the elements presented. Finally, the lesson ends with a reading activity or written exercises.

根据情境语言教学法,一堂课通常从重音和语调练习开始,接着是复习和呈现新材料(主要是结构或词汇)。然后,教师会对所呈现的内容进行口头练习和操练。最后,课程以阅读活动或书面练习结束。

Advantages Of SLT

情境教学法的优点

Situational Language Teaching is still attractive to many teachers who believe in the structural practice of language. Its practicality in teaching grammar patterns has contributed to the survival of the approach until recently. Additionally, its emphasis on oral practice still attracts support among language teachers.

情境语言教学法对许多信奉语言结构性练习的教师仍有吸引力。它在语法句型教学方面的实用性,使其一直沿用至今。此外,它对口语练习的重视,也得到了众多语言教师的支持。

Disadvantages Of SLT

情境教学法的缺点

Many premises underlying the approach have been criticized. For example, Chomsky (1957) demonstrated that the structural and behavioristic approaches to language are unfounded as they do not explain the fundamental feature of language learning: the ability to create novel and unique sentences.

该教学法的许多理论基础受到了批评。例如,乔姆斯基(1957)指出,语言的结构主义和行为主义方法是没有根据的,因为它们无法解释语言学习的一个基本特征:创造新颖独特句子的能力。

Children do not acquire their mother tongue through repetition and habit formation. There must be, however, an innate predisposition that leads them to a certain kind of linguistic competence.

儿童并非通过重复和习惯养成来习得母语,而是必定存在一种先天的倾向,引导他们形成特定的语言能力。

(视频中含情境教学法的方法介绍和课程演示)

【案例】

以《新概念英语1》Lesson 51"A pleasant climate" 为例。

一、教学目标

1、知识目标

学生能够理解并熟练运用一般现在时来描述天气和气候状况,掌握关键句型 “What's the climate like...?”“What's the weather like...?” 及其回答方式;学会 “pleasant”“windy”“warm”“hot”“cold” 等与天气、气候相关的重点词汇。

2、能力目标

学生能在日常交流或特定场景中,准确运用一般现在时清晰、流畅地谈论不同地区的天气和气候特点,提升英语口语表达和实际运用能力。

3、情感目标

激发学生对英语学习的兴趣,培养学生观察生活中天气变化的习惯,以及对不同地域气候差异的认知和尊重。

二、教学重难点

1、教学重点

重点词汇、句型以及一般现在时在描述天气气候方面的正确理解与运用。

2、教学难点

引导学生正确区分气候(长期天气状况)和天气(短期具体状况)的概念,并能在合适语境中运用一般现在时进行准确表述,避免混淆。

三、教学方法

以情境教学法为主,结合直观演示法、小组合作法,增强教学效果。

四、教学准备

1、制作生动的多媒体课件,包含世界各地不同季节、不同天气状况的高清图片、视频,以及课文对话音频。

2、准备一些道具,如不同天气符号的卡片(太阳、云朵、雨滴、雪花、风等)、世界地图拼图、小型风扇(模拟刮风)、喷雾瓶(模拟下雨)。

3、设计不同场景的对话任务卡片,如旅行交流、天气预报播报、旅游咨询等,用于小组活动。

4、打印一些写有不同地区名称及对应天气气候描述的练习卡片,用于课堂互动练习。

五、教学过程

(一)导入(3 分钟)

1、教师播放一段世界各地不同天气的视频剪辑,包含阳光明媚的海滩、狂风暴雨的城市、银装素裹的雪山等场景,同时提问学生:“Boys and girls, look at the video. We can see so many different kinds of weather. Can you tell me what kind of weather you like best and why?” 引导学生积极思考并简单交流。

2、教师接着说:“Today, we will learn how to talk about the weather and climate in different places. Let's start our journey.” 由此引出本节课的课文内容。

(二)知识讲解(7 分钟)

1、词汇教学

教师依次展示不同天气符号的卡片,教授对应的词汇 “sunny”“cloudy”“rainy”“snowy”“windy” 等,通过让学生跟读、拼写,以及用这些词汇描述当前教室外的天气情况,如 “It's sunny outside today.” 来加深记忆;用类似方式讲解与气候相关的词汇 “pleasant”“hot”“cold”“warm”“cool” 等,并举例说明在描述气候时的用法,“The climate in Hainan is hot all year round.”

2、句型与语法教学

教师播放课文对话音频,学生先整体听一遍,初步感受对话的语音、语调与大致内容。随后逐句播放,每播放一句,进行详细讲解与模仿。比如,播放 “What's the climate like in your country?”,教师讲解这是用于询问一个国家或地区气候特点的常用句型,并带领学生反复朗读;对于回答句型 “It's very pleasant.”“It's often windy in March.” 等,教师通过展示不同月份的天气图片,让学生理解并模仿如何用一般现在时描述不同季节的气候和天气状况。强调一般现在时在描述天气气候时,表示一种通常的、规律性的状态,动词形式根据主语变化,如 “He says it's hot today.”(主语 he 是第三人称单数,动词 say 变为 says)。

(三)情境创设与练习(15 分钟)

1、场景一:旅行交流

教师将教室布置成一个旅行交流聚会的场景,在四周张贴不同国家和地区的风景图片。安排部分学生扮演来自不同地方的旅行者,其余学生扮演交流伙伴。“旅行者” 们要用所学句型介绍自己家乡的气候和当前所在地的天气,如 “What's the climate like in your hometown?”“It's warm and rainy in spring. What about here?”“It's sunny today.”

2、场景二:天气预报播报

多媒体展示一个简易的天气预报播报场景,教师描述情境:现在我们是电视台的天气预报员,要向观众朋友们介绍各地的天气情况。学生分组进行角色扮演,运用所学知识和准备的天气符号卡片,进行天气预报播报,如 “Good evening. Here's the weather report. Beijing will be windy tomorrow. The temperature will be 15 to 20 degrees Celsius.”

(四)小组活动(10 分钟)

1、教师将学生分成若干小组,给每个小组发放不同场景的对话任务卡片和写有地区名称及天气气候描述的练习卡片。

2、小组成员根据卡片上的场景和信息,结合所学知识,编写对话并进行排练。例如,抽到旅游咨询场景的小组,成员要分别扮演游客和旅游顾问,游客询问目的地的天气气候,旅游顾问进行详细解答并给出建议。每个小组推选一名代表,向全班展示小组编写的对话。展示结束后,其他小组进行评价,教师总结优点与不足,给予针对性的指导和鼓励。

(五)课堂总结(3 分钟)

1、教师与学生一起回顾本节课所学的重点词汇、句型和一般现在时在描述天气气候方面的用法,通过提问学生的方式,加深记忆,如 “同学们,我们今天学了询问天气的句型是什么呀?”“用一般现在时描述天气时,第三人称单数主语后面的动词要怎么变化?”

2、强调在日常生活中,谈论天气是常见的交流话题,鼓励学生在课后继续关注天气变化,用英语与家人、朋友交流。

(六)作业布置(2 分钟)

1、让学生回家后,观看当天的天气预报,并用英语记录下几个主要城市的天气情况,第二天在课堂上分享。

2、要求学生选择一个自己喜欢的国家或地区,通过网络搜索或查阅书籍,了解其气候特点,并用英语写一篇简短的介绍,下节课在小组内交流。

来源:新概念英语的教与学

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