摘要:在英语语法中,宾语从句是一个重要的知识点,它在句子中充当宾语的角色,使句子的表达更加丰富和准确。下面将从定义、分类、引导词、语序及时态等方面对宾语从句进行详细讲解。
初中英语语法宾语从句详解
在英语语法中,宾语从句是一个重要的知识点,它在句子中充当宾语的角色,使句子的表达更加丰富和准确。下面将从定义、分类、引导词、语序及时态等方面对宾语从句进行详细讲解。
- 定义:宾语从句是指在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后。比如在句子“He said that he was happy.”中,“that he was happy”就是宾语从句,作“said”的宾语。
- 分类:
- 动词的宾语从句:跟在动词后面,如“I know that he is a good student.” (我知道他是个好学生。)这里“that he is a good student”作“know”的宾语。
- 介词的宾语从句:位于介词之后,“She is worried about whether she can pass the exam.” (她担心她是否能通过考试。)“whether she can pass the exam”是介词“about”的宾语从句。
- 形容词的宾语从句:放在某些形容词后,“I'm glad that you can come.” (我很高兴你能来。)“that you can come”作“glad”的宾语。
- 引导词:
- that:无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,引导陈述句作宾语从句时,口语中常可省略。例如“He told me (that) he would go to Beijing.”(他告诉我他要去北京。 )
- whether/if:表示“是否” ,在从句中不充当成分。但在以下情况只能用“whether”: 介词后,如“I'm thinking about whether I should go.”(我在考虑我是否应该去 );与“or not”连用,“I don't know whether or not he will come.” (我不知道他是否会来。 );在不定式前,“He can't decide whether to stay or not.”(他不能决定是否留下 );宾语从句置于句首时,“Whether he is right, I'm not sure.” (他是否正确,我不确定。 )
- 连接代词:who(谁,主格), whom(谁,宾格), whose(谁的,所有格), what(什么), which(哪一个),在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。例如“Can you tell me who is singing in the classroom?”(你能告诉我谁正在教室里唱歌吗? )(who作主语) ;“Do you know what he wants?”(你知道他想要什么吗? )(what作宾语) ;“I want to know whose book this is.”(我想知道这是谁的书。 )(whose作定语)
- 连接副词:when(什么时候), where(在哪里), why(为什么), how(如何),在从句中作状语。例如“Could you tell me when you will leave?”(你能告诉我你什么时候离开吗? )(when作时间状语) ;“I don't know where he lives.”(我不知道他住在哪里。 )(where作地点状语)
- 语序:宾语从句必须用陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分” 。例如:
- 错误:Do you know what is he doing?
- 正确:Do you know what he is doing? (你知道他正在做什么吗? )
- 时态:
- 主句是一般现在时:从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例如:“I know that he goes to school by bike every day.”(一般现在时)(我知道他每天骑自行车去上学。 );“She tells me that she will visit her grandparents next week.”(一般将来时)(她告诉我她下周要去看望她的祖父母。 ) ;“He says that he has finished his homework.”(现在完成时)(他说他已经完成了他的作业。 )
- 主句是一般过去时:从句须用过去时态的某种形式(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。例如:“He said that he was watching TV at that time.”(过去进行时)(他说他那时正在看电视。 );“She told me that she would go to the park the next day.”(过去将来时)(她告诉我她第二天要去公园。 );“He said that he had seen the film before.”(过去完成时)(他说他以前看过这部电影。 )
- 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时:即使主句是过去时,从句使用一般现在时态。例如:“The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.”(老师说地球绕着太阳转。 )
五十句宾语从句双语例句
I think that you are right.(我认为你是对的。)
She says that she likes reading books.(她说她喜欢读书。)
We know that he is a good basketball player.(我们知道他是一名优秀的篮球运动员。)
They believe that they can win the game.(他们相信他们能赢得比赛。)
I hope that you will have a good time.(我希望你玩得开心。)
He told me that he would come back soon.(他告诉我他很快就会回来。)
She asked if/whether I could help her.(她问我是否能帮助她。)
Do you know if/whether it will rain tomorrow?(你知道明天是否会下雨吗?)
I wonder if/whether he likes this gift.(我想知道他是否喜欢这个礼物。)
They are discussing whether they should go on a trip.(他们正在讨论他们是否应该去旅行。)
I don't know who will come to the party.(我不知道谁会来参加派对。)
Can you tell me whom you met yesterday?(你能告诉我你昨天遇见了谁吗?)
Do you know whose bag this is?(你知道这是谁的包吗?)
I want to know what you are thinking about.(我想知道你在想什么。)
He asked which book I liked best.(他问我最喜欢哪本书。)
Could you tell me when the meeting will start?(你能告诉我会议什么时候开始吗?)
I don't know where he comes from.(我不知道他来自哪里。)
Do you know why he was late for school?(你知道他为什么上学迟到吗?)
She wants to know how she can improve her English.(她想知道她如何能提高她的英语。)
I find it necessary that we should study hard.(我觉得我们努力学习是有必要的。)
He makes it a rule that he gets up early every day.(他养成了每天早起的习惯。)
I think it important that we keep healthy.(我认为我们保持健康很重要。)
She said that she had been to Beijing twice.(她说她去过北京两次。)
They told me that they were having dinner at that moment.(他们告诉我他们那时正在吃晚饭。)
He asked if I had finished my homework yet.(他问我是否已经完成了作业。)
Do you know whether they will arrive on time?(你知道他们是否会按时到达吗?)
I wonder who is singing in the next room.(我想知道谁正在隔壁房间唱歌。)
She wants to know what is wrong with her computer.(她想知道她的电脑怎么了。)
He asked which team won the match.(他问哪个队赢得了比赛。)
Could you tell me when you bought this book?(你能告诉我你什么时候买的这本书吗?)
I don't know where I put my keys.(我不知道我把钥匙放在哪里了。)
Do you know why he didn't come to school yesterday?(你知道他昨天为什么没来上学吗?)
She wants to know how long it will take to get there.(她想知道到达那里需要多长时间。)
I find that learning English is interesting.(我发现学习英语很有趣。)
He believes that his dream will come true one day.(他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现。)
They said that they would visit the Great Wall next month.(他们说他们下个月要去参观长城。)
She asked if I was interested in music.(她问我是否对音乐感兴趣。)
Do you know whether there is a supermarket near here?(你知道这附近是否有超市吗?)
I wonder who can answer this question.(我想知道谁能回答这个问题。)
He wants to know what you did last weekend.(他想知道你上周末做了什么。)
She asked which color I preferred.(她问我更喜欢哪种颜色。)
Could you tell me when the movie will end?(你能告诉我电影什么时候结束吗?)
I don't know where we will have the picnic.(我不知道我们将在哪里野餐。)
Do you know why she looks so sad?(你知道她为什么看起来这么难过吗?)
He wants to know how far it is from here to the school.(他想知道从这里到学校有多远。)
I think that we should help each other.(我认为我们应该互相帮助。)
She believes that everything will be okay.(她相信一切都会好起来的。)
They told me that they had visited many places.(他们告诉我他们去过很多地方。)
He asked if I could lend him some money.(他问我是否能借给他一些钱。)
Do you know whether he has a sister or not?(你知道他是否有一个妹妹吗?)
来源:蒙古元素