摘要:主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it等)时,动词用第三人称单数形式(一般在动词后加 -s或 -es )。
一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)
1. 概念:表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态、客观事实、普遍真理或现阶段的习惯等。
2. 构成:
- 主语是第一人称I、第二人称you及复数时,动词用原形。
- 主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it等)时,动词用第三人称单数形式(一般在动词后加 -s或 -es )。
3. 常见时间状语:always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时), seldom(很少), never(从不), every day/week/month/year(每天/每周/每月/每年)等。
4. 例句:
- I get up at six every morning.(我每天早上六点起床。)
- You often play basketball after school.(你经常放学后打篮球。)
- He goes to school by bike.(他骑自行车去上学。)
- She likes reading books.(她喜欢读书。)
- It rains a lot here in summer.(这里夏天雨水很多。)
- They usually have lunch at school.(他们通常在学校吃午饭。)
- The earth moves around the sun.(地球围绕太阳转。)(客观真理)
- The teacher tells us to study hard.(老师告诉我们要努力学习。)
- My father works in a factory.(我父亲在一家工厂工作。)
- The shop opens at nine o'clock.(这家商店九点开门。)
一般过去时(Simple Past Tense)
1. 概念:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2. 构成:动词的过去式(规则动词一般在词尾加 -ed ;不规则动词需特殊记忆 )。
3. 常见时间状语:yesterday(昨天), last week/month/year(上周/上月/去年), ago(……以前), in 2024(在2024年), just now(刚才), the other day(前几天)等。
4. 例句:
- I went to the park yesterday.(我昨天去了公园。)
- He played football last weekend.(他上周末踢足球了。)
- She was ill two days ago.(她两天前生病了。)
- They visited their grandparents last month.(他们上个月看望了祖父母。)
- I got up late this morning.(我今天早上起晚了。)
- Tom bought a new bike yesterday.(汤姆昨天买了一辆新自行车。)
- My mother cooked delicious food last night.(我妈妈昨晚做了美味的食物。)
- I saw a movie just now.(我刚才看了一场电影。)
- She lived in Beijing ten years ago.(她十年前住在北京。)
- He used to go to school on foot.(他过去常常步行去上学。) (used to do 表示过去常常做某事,现在不做了 )
现在进行时(Present Progressive Tense)
1. 概念:表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
2. 构成:be动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词(动词原形加 -ing ) 。
3. 常见时间状语:now(现在), at the moment(此刻), look(看), listen(听)等。
4. 例句:
- I am doing my homework now.(我现在正在做作业。)
- He is playing basketball at the moment.(他此刻正在打篮球。)
- Look! She is dancing.(看!她正在跳舞。)
- Listen! They are singing.(听!他们正在唱歌。)
- My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen.(我妈妈正在厨房做晚饭。)
- The students are having a class.(学生们正在上课。)
- I am reading an interesting book.(我正在读一本有趣的书。)
- They are cleaning the classroom.(他们正在打扫教室。)
- She is talking with her friend on the phone.(她正在和朋友通电话。)
- The boy is drawing a picture.(这个男孩正在画画。)
过去进行时(Past Progressive Tense)
1. 概念:表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
2. 构成:was/were+动词的现在分词(动词原形加 -ing ) 。
3. 常见时间状语:at this/that time yesterday(昨天这个/那个时候), at 8:00 last night(昨晚八点), when(当……时候), while(在……期间)引导的时间状语从句(从句谓语动词为延续性动词 )等。
4. 例句:
- I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候我正在做作业。)
- He was watching TV at 8:00 last night.(昨晚八点他正在看电视。)
- When I came in, she was reading a book.(当我进来的时候,她正在看书。)
- While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.(我妈妈做饭的时候,我正在做作业。)
- They were playing games in the park at that time.(那时他们正在公园里玩游戏。)
- The students were listening to the teacher carefully when the bell rang.(铃响的时候,学生们正在认真听老师讲课。)
- I was sleeping when my father came back home.(我父亲回家的时候我正在睡觉。)
- She was singing a song while she was doing the dishes.(她一边洗碗一边唱歌。)
- The boys were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.(开始下雨的时候,男孩们正在操场上踢足球。)
- At that moment, they were having a meeting.(在那一刻,他们正在开会。)
一般将来时(Simple Future Tense)
1. 概念:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
2. 构成:
- will+动词原形 。
- be going to+动词原形 (表示计划、打算做某事 )。
3. 常见时间状语:tomorrow(明天), next week/month/year(下周/下月/明年), in the future(在未来), soon(很快)等。
4. 例句:
- I will go to the zoo tomorrow.(我明天要去动物园。)
- He will visit his grandparents next week.(他下周要去看望祖父母。)
- They are going to have a party next Sunday.(他们下周日打算举办一个派对。)
- She is going to study hard to get good grades.(她打算努力学习取得好成绩。)
- It will rain tomorrow.(明天将会下雨。)
- I will be a teacher in the future.(我将来要成为一名老师。)
- They will play basketball after school.(他们放学后要打篮球。)
- My mother will buy me a new bike.(我妈妈要给我买一辆新自行车。)
- He is going to travel around the world.(他打算环游世界。)
- We will have a good time at the party.(我们在派对上会玩得很开心。)
过去将来时(Past Future Tense)
1. 概念:从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。
2. 构成:
- would+动词原形 。
- was/were going to+动词原形 。
3. 常见语境:常用于宾语从句中,主句谓语动词为过去时态 。
4. 例句:
- He said he would go to Beijing the next day.(他说他第二天要去北京。)
- She told me she was going to visit her friend.(她告诉我她要去看望她的朋友。)
- They thought it would rain soon.(他们认为很快会下雨。)
- I didn't know if he would come.(我不知道他是否会来。)
- The teacher said we would have a test the next week.(老师说我们下周要考试。)
- She promised she would help me with my English.(她答应会帮我学英语。)
- He decided he was going to buy a new computer.(他决定要买一台新电脑。)
- They planned they would have a picnic on Sunday.(他们计划周日去野餐。)
- I asked him if he was going to play football.(我问他是否要去踢足球。)
- She hoped she would get a good job.(她希望能找到一份好工作。)
现在完成时(Present Perfect Tense)
1. 概念:
- 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
- 从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,并且有可能会继续延续下去(常与for+时间段,since+时间点连用 )。
2. 构成:have/has+动词的过去分词 (第三人称单数用has ,其他人称用have )。
3. 常见时间状语:already(已经,用于肯定句 ), yet(已经,还,用于否定句和疑问句 ), just(刚刚), ever(曾经), never(从不), for+时间段, since+时间点等。
4. 例句:
- I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。)(对现在的影响:现在可以做其他事了 )
- She has never been to Beijing.(她从未去过北京。)
- They have just arrived.(他们刚刚到达。)
- Have you ever seen this movie?(你曾经看过这部电影吗?)
- We have lived here for ten years.(我们已经在这里住了十年了。)(从过去持续到现在,可能还会继续住下去 )
- He has worked in this company since 2020.(他从2020年起就在这家公司工作。)
- I haven't seen him yet.(我还没有见过他。)
- She has learned a lot of knowledge.(她学到了很多知识。)
- They have made great progress.(他们取得了很大的进步。)
- My mother has cooked dinner.(我妈妈已经做好了晚饭。)
过去完成时(Past Perfect Tense)
1. 概念:表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
2. 构成:had+动词的过去分词 。
3. 常见时间状语:by+过去时间 (到……之前 ), before(在……之前 )引导的过去时间状语从句等。
4. 例句:
- By the end of last year, we had learned 2000 English words.(到去年年底,我们已经学了2000个英语单词。)
- He said he had seen the movie before.(他说他之前看过这部电影。)
- When I got to the station, the train had already left.(当我到达车站时,火车已经离开了。)
- She had finished her homework before she went to bed.(她在睡觉之前已经完成了作业。)
- They had lived in Beijing for five years before they moved to Shanghai.(他们搬到上海之前已经在北京住了五年。)
- The teacher had taught in this school for ten years before he retired.(这位老师退休之前已经在这所学校教了十年书。)
- I realized I had left my keys at home.(我意识到我把钥匙落在家里了。)(“落在家里”这个动作发生在“意识到”之前 )
- She found that she had lost her wallet.(她发现她的钱包丢了。)
- He told me that he had met my father in the street.(他告诉我他在街上见过我父亲。)
- By the time I arrived, they had started the meeting.(我到达的时候,他们已经开始开会了。 )
来源:蒙古元素