英语核心语法:主谓一致

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摘要:class(班级;同学们):像The class is very noisy today.(今天这个班级很吵闹);The class are having a discussion.(同学们正在进行讨论)。

英语主谓一致主要有语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三种大的情况,以下是具体说明:

语法一致

- 单数主语:单个的人、物或抽象概念作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:

The dog runs fast.(这只狗跑得很快。);

A book lies on the table.(一本书放在桌子上。);

Her dream is to be a singer.(她的梦想是成为一名歌手。)

注意:is was has does runs属单数动词。

- 复数主语:两个或两个以上的人、物作主语,谓语动词用复数。

例如:

The students study hard.(学生们学习很努力。);

注意:动词原形属复数动词。

Tom and Jerry are good friends.(汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。);

These flowers are beautiful.(这些花很漂亮。)

注意:are were属复数动词。

- 不可数名词主语:不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:

Water is essential for life.(水对生命至关重要。);

Knowledge is power.(知识就是力量。);

Music makes people happy.(音乐使人快乐。)

意义一致

- 集体名词作主语:强调整体时,谓语动词用单数;强调个体成员时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

The team is the best in the league.(这个队在联赛中是最好的。);

The team are having their lunch.(队员们正在吃午饭。);

The family is a big one.(这个家庭是个大家庭。);

The family are watching TV.(家人们正在看电视

再如:

3. class(班级;同学们):像The class is very noisy today.(今天这个班级很吵闹);The class are having a discussion.(同学们正在进行讨论)。

4. group(组;群):如This group is made up of five students.(这个小组由五名学生组成);The group are arguing about the plan.(小组成员们在争论这个计划)。

5. committee(委员会):例如The committee has made a decision.(委员会已经做出了决定);The committee members are divided in their opinions.(委员会成员们意见有分歧)。

6. audience(观众;听众):如The audience was very excited by the performance.(观众对演出感到非常兴奋);The audience were clapping and cheering.(观众们在鼓掌欢呼)。

7. crew(全体船员;全体工作人员):例如The crew is responsible for the safety of the ship.(全体船员对船的安全负责);The crew are all experienced sailors.(船员们都是经验丰富的水手)。

8. police(警察;警方):一般作复数用,如The police are looking for the criminal.(警方正在追捕罪犯)。

9. cattle(牛;家畜):也是常作复数,例如The cattle are grazing in the field.(牛群在田野里吃草)。

- 表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语:通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。例如:

Five years is a long time.(五年是很长的一段时间。);

Ten miles is not a short distance.(十英里不是一段短距离。);

One hundred dollars is enough for this book.(买这本书一百美元足够了。)

- “the + 形容词”作主语:表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数;表示抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数。如:

The rich are not always happy.(富人并不总是幸福的。);

The beautiful is loved by everyone.(美为每个人所喜爱。)

就近一致

- 由并列连词连接的主语:由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语。例如:

Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你要么他得打扫教室。);

Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.(学生们和老师都不知道答案。);

Not only Tom but also his parents like music.(不仅汤姆而且他的父母都喜欢音乐。)

- There be句型:be动词的单复数形式取决于其后的主语。如果有多个主语,遵循就近原则。例如:

There is a pen and two pencils in the box.(盒子里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。);

There are two apples and an orange on the table.(桌子上有两个苹果和一个橙子。)

来源:大明哥杂谈

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