摘要:not:最常用的否定词,常与动词、助动词、情态动词等搭配使用,表示否定。例如:I do not like apples.(我不喜欢苹果。)I have not seen him today.(我今天还没见到他。)
以下是中高考英语中常见的含有否定意义的词汇及例句:
否定副词
- not:最常用的否定词,常与动词、助动词、情态动词等搭配使用,表示否定。例如:I do not like apples.(我不喜欢苹果。)I have not seen him today.(我今天还没见到他。)
- never:表示“从不,永不”,强调从来没有发生过的事情。例如:She never eats junk food.(她从不吃垃圾食品。)He has never been late for school.(他上学从不迟到。)
- hardly:意为“几乎不”,表示程度上几乎没有。例如:I could hardly believe my eyes.(我几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。)He hardly ever makes mistakes in his homework.(他做作业几乎从不犯错。)
- scarcely:与hardly意思相近,“几乎不,几乎没有”。例如:Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang.(我刚一进屋电话就响了。)She scarcely had time to have breakfast this morning.(她今天早上几乎没时间吃早饭。)
- barely:也是“几乎不,勉强”的意思。例如:We barely had time to catch the train.(我们几乎没时间赶火车了。)He could barely speak English when he first came to the US.(他刚到美国时几乎不会说英语。)
- rarely:表示“很少,难得”,强调事情发生的频率低。例如:She rarely goes to the movies.(她很少去看电影。)Rarely do I have time to relax on weekends.(我周末很少有时间放松。)
- seldom:“不常,很少”,也是指频率较低。例如:I seldom eat out.(我很少在外面吃饭。)He seldom listens to music in his free time.(他空闲时间很少听音乐。)
否定代词和不定代词
- none:可指代人或物,表示“没有一个,毫无”,常与of连用。例如:None of the students passed the exam.(没有一个学生通过考试。)None of the money is mine.(这些钱没有一分是我的。)
- nobody:意思是“没有人,无人”,作主语时谓语动词用单数。例如:Nobody knows the answer.(没有人知道答案。)There was nobody in the classroom after school.(放学后教室里没有人。)
- nothing:表示“没有什么,没有东西”。例如:There is nothing interesting in this book.(这本书里没有什么有趣的东西。)I have nothing to do today.(我今天没事可做。)
- neither:表示“两者都不”,常与nor连用。例如:Neither he nor I am a doctor.(他和我都不是医生。)Neither of the two books is interesting.(这两本书都不有趣。)
否定形容词和副词
- little:修饰不可数名词,表示“几乎没有,很少”,具有否定意义。例如:There is little milk left in the fridge.(冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。)He has little money to buy a new bike.(他几乎没钱买一辆新自行车。)
- few:修饰可数名词复数,表示“很少,几乎没有”。例如:Few people understand this theory.(很少有人理解这个理论。)There are few mistakes in his composition.(他的作文里几乎没有错误。)
否定介词和介词短语
- instead of:表示“代替,而不是”,后面接名词、代词或动名词。例如:I will go by bike instead of by car.(我将骑自行车而不是开车去。)He chose tea instead of coffee.(他选了茶而不是咖啡。)
- rather than:也有“而不是”的意思,前后连接的成分在形式上要保持一致。例如:He prefers to read books rather than watch TV.(他宁愿看书而不是看电视。)I would rather stay at home rather than go shopping.(我宁愿呆在家里而不是去购物。)
- far from:意思是“远非,完全不”。例如:The problem is far from easy.(这个问题远非容易。)His answer is far from satisfactory.(他的回答远不能令人满意。)
具有否定意义的动词和短语
- fail:作动词时表示“失败,未能”。例如:He failed the exam.(他考试没及格。)She failed to catch the early bus.(她没能赶上早班车。)
- deny:表示“否认,拒绝给予”。例如:He denied having stolen the money.(他否认偷了钱。)The company denied him a promotion.(公司拒绝给他升职。)
否定前缀和后缀
- 否定前缀:常见的有un-(如unhappy、unfair)、dis-(如dislike、disagree)、in-(如incorrect、inactive)、im-(如impossible、impolite)等。例如:The weather is unpleasant today.(今天天气不好。)I disagree with you.(我不同意你的看法。)
- 否定后缀:常见的有-less(如useless、careless)等。例如:This book is useless.(这本书没用。)He is always careless.(他总是很粗心。)
来源:蒙古元素