摘要：继2013年首次提出“去美国化”以来，2025年10月24日，中国人民大学重阳金融研究院院长、全球领导力学院院长王文在美国著名期刊《The Diplomat》（外交学人）发表文章，系统阐述了中国的“去美国化”战略，当美国高筑“去风险”壁垒之际，中国通过五大领域
文章中文翻译版
在美国推行“去风险化”之际，中国正从依赖走向自主，开辟出一条崭新道路。中国不再观望华盛顿是否会选择脱钩，而是率先加速行动。当美国战略界仍在争论中国是否被孤立时，北京早已悄然重塑其经济与科技根基。十年前初现端倪的“去美国化”讨论，如今已转化为以数据为支撑的稳健转型——自主创新与全球多元布局齐头并进。这并非冷战重演，亦非断绝往来，而是中国为重塑发展路径、降低美国压力影响所实施的系统性战略调整。其成效在五大关键领域尤为显著，首当其冲的便是贸易领域。01
贸易领域：从依赖走向多元布局
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科技领域：从追随者向并跑者转变
若华盛顿曾寄望于通过制裁与出口管制延缓中国发展步伐，那么现实似乎走向了预期反面。自2018年以来，美国已将逾1700家中国实体列入制裁清单，企图阻断其获取先进技术的通道。此举反而激发国家主导的创新浪潮，催生国产替代体系的加速布局。
当前中国持有全球42%的5G标准必要专利，至2025年9月预计运营5G基站超460万个，约占全球总量60%。这种规模优势正支撑工业互联网、车联网等新兴产业蓬勃发展。
在人工智能与前沿科技领域同样成效显著：中国占据全球61.5%的生成式AI专利，自动驾驶与量子计算领域论文的引用影响力已超越美国。2024年研发投入占GDP比重达2.55%，其中基础研究占比提升至6.8%，彰显出从追求商业速赢向夯实长期根基的战略转型。
技术自主趋势在硬件领域尤为突出：华为与中芯国际联合研发的麒麟9000芯片，在没有荷兰阿斯麦极紫外光刻机的情况下成功量产，突破了尖端芯片制造的传统技术壁垒。
更多里程碑遍布各领域：北斗卫星导航系统服务覆盖200余国，C919大飞机投入商用，“奋斗者”号深潜万米海底，“嫦娥六号”月背采样归来。从无人机、量子计算机到新型储能系统，这些成就共同昭示着中国科技生态正日益形成内生循环体系，并坚定延续这一发展路径。
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金融领域：构建去美元化的多元体系
中国正着力降低对美元体系的依赖，构筑更具韧性的全球金融网络。
美国政府通过SWIFT制裁、长臂管辖与资产冻结等手段将美元武器化，暴露了单一美元中心体系的结构性风险。对此，中国采取了一系列系统而渐进的应对措施。
人民币跨境支付系统（CIPS）已延伸至185个国家和地区。上海油气交易中心以人民币结算的液化天然气贸易持续增长，深圳前海联合交易中心常态化开展离岸人民币大豆交易。中国更与40余国签署本币结算协议。
至2023年，人民币跨境收付规模达52万亿元，在本外币跨境收付中占比58%，首次在统计口径上超越美元——这标志着国际支付格局的历史性变迁。在中俄贸易中，本币结算比例已突破95%。
中国并非寻求取代美元地位，而是致力于构建一个以美元为主体、多元货币补充的新型国际支付体系，以此增强金融安全壁垒，抵御单边制裁风险。
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意识形态：构建中国模式的理论自信
中国正在突破“美国模式是唯一发展道路”的思维定式，逐步构建起具有自身特色的治理体系、知识体系和全球参与范式。数十年来，“民主和平论”等西方理论主导国际话语体系，试图推行单一标准。中国的实践正在打破这种认知窠臼。
过去十年间，中国累计消除绝对贫困人口超1亿，提前10年实现联合国可持续发展目标中的减贫目标。相较之下，美国仍有约15%人口缺乏医疗保险，医改争议甚至曾导致政府停摆。
在国内外场域，中国积极推广“全过程人民民主”的治理范式。在国际层面坚定倡导多边主义，反对具有排他性的贸易与安全联盟。金砖国家机制从5国扩员至15国，上海合作组织覆盖全球40%人口，逾150个国家参与"一带一路"合作倡议。
通过这些机制建设，中国正实现从美国主导国际规则的接受者，向全球治理新结构的共建者转型。这种战略转变并非反美主义，而是致力于在更平等基础上参与全球治理，推动源自中国实践的发展范式成为人类现代化道路的共同财富。
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教育领域：从人才外流到本土育才
中国正在重塑高等教育体系，逐步降低对美国高校的依赖，构建本土化人才培养高地。2010年之前，中国众多顶尖高校的课程体系与科研评价标准曾长期参照美国模式。
曾几何时，大量中国理工科毕业生留美发展，制约了本土创新能力。为扭转这一趋势，中国启动“强基计划”，五年间在半导体、核科学等关键领域培养18万名学生。至2024年，该计划毕业生留华比例达92%。
科研评价体系也迎来深刻变革，中国已不再将科学引文索引（SCI）作为唯一衡量标准，转而强调原创突破与实绩贡献。
国际人才流动呈现新平衡：2024年来华留学生规模达52万，与此同时在美中国留学生数量从峰值40万降至不足20万。这种双向流动的质变，标志着中国正从人才环流节点向全球人才枢纽演进。
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迈向多极化世界新秩序
通过贸易、科技、金融、意识形态与教育五大领域的系统性重构，中国正在培育基于自主原则参与全球事务的能力。这场“去美国化”进程并非反全球化或反美主义，而是旨在打造一个更具韧性、能在更平等基础上参与全球合作的战略再校准。
中国的转型实践构成国际秩序演进的重要维度——从美国主导的单极体系向多极化格局的历史性转变。从金砖扩员到“一带一路”项目落地，从自主5G网络建设到减贫经验国际分享，中国正在确立一条既非西方模板亦非美国范式的发展新路。
这种战略调整的根本目标在于自主而非对抗。在此演进框架下，新兴经济体得以摆脱对单一霸权的依赖，真正参与全球治理体系建设。“去美国化”本质上并非一场激进革命，而是为构建新型“再全球化”格局奠基——在那片土壤上，多元平衡、多极共生的世界新秩序将成为人类文明的新常态。
英文原文
China’s De-Americanization StrategyWang WenAs the U.S. pursues "de-risking", China is charting its own course from reliance to autonomy.China is no longer waiting to see whether Washington will decouple. It is moving first ‒ and fast. While U.S. strategists still debate whether China is being isolated, Beijing has already been quietly reshaping its economic and technological foundations. What began a decade ago as talk of "de-Americanization" has become a steady, data-backed shift toward self-reliance and global diversification.This is not a Cold War replay or an attempt to cut ties. Instead, it reflects a broader effort by China to redefine its path of development and reduce exposure to U.S. pressure. The results are most visible in five key areas, starting with trade.1. Trade: From Dependence to DiversificationChina’s trade rebalancing is more pragmatic than political. Facing tariffs and protectionism from Washington, Beijing has built new trade routes through Asia, Europe and the Global South.In 2018, the United States made up 19.3 percent of China’s total foreign trade. By the first eight months of 2025, that share had fallen to 9.2 percent ‒ even as China’s total trade expanded 45 percent. The numbers tell the story: China is trading more, just not as much with the U.S.Imports and exports of specific goods are also shifting. Once, 85 percent of China’s soybeans came from the United States; today, 68 percent come from Brazil, with U.S. imports down to 22 percent. Exports of high-tech goods to the U.S. have dropped to 28 percent of China’s overall exports, while sales of high-end equipment to Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) countries ‒ a trade bloc spanning Asia and the Pacific ‒ jumped to 41 percent.Beijing isn’t cutting itself off from the U.S. market so much as ensuring it no longer depends on it. Call it China’s version of "de-risking".2. Science and Technology: From Follower to ContenderIf Washington hoped sanctions and export controls would slow China down, the opposite seems to have happened. Since 2018, the United States has blacklisted more than 1,700 Chinese entities, aiming to block their access to advanced technologies. The result has been a surge in state-led innovation and a race to build domestic alternatives.China now holds 42 percent of global 5G standard-essential patents, and by September 2025 it is expected to operate more than 4.6 million 5G base stations ‒ about 60 percent of the world's total. The scale of that rollout has underpinned new industries such as the industrial internet and the Internet of Vehicles.The same pattern is visible in artificial intelligence and frontier technologies. China accounts for 61.5 percent of global generative AI patents and its research papers in autonomous driving and quantum computing now exceed U.S. publications in citation impact.Research and development spending reached 2.55 percent of GDP in 2024, with basic research rising to 6.8 percent of that total. That reflect China’s shift toward long-term capacity rather than fast commercial wins.China’s trend toward technological independence is showing up in hardware, too. The Kirin 9000S chip, developed by Huawei and Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation ‒ China's leading chip foundry ‒ is produced without the extreme ultraviolet lithography tools made by Dutch firm ASML, long considered indispensable for cutting-edge semiconductors.Other milestones are visible across sectors: the Beidou satellite network now serves more than 200 countries and regions. The C919 jetliner has entered commercial service. The Fendouzhe submersible reached a depth of 10,000 meters. The Chang'e 6 lunar probe returned samples from the far side of the moon. From drones and quantum computers to new battery systems, these examples show how China's tech ecosystem is increasingly self-contained ‒ and determined to stay that way.3. Finance: Diversifying Beyond the DollarChina is seeking to reduce reliance on the U.S. dollar and build a more resilient global financial network.Washington has used the dollar as a tool of influence through SWIFT sanctions, long-arm jurisdiction, and asset freezes, exposing the vulnerabilities of a dollar-centric system. China’s response has been methodical and gradual.China's Cross-Border Interbank Payment System now supports transactions in 185 countries. Renminbi (RMB)-denominated trades for liquefied natural gas at the Shanghai Oil and Gas Exchange are growing, while the Shenzhen Qianhai Joint Trading Center routinely handles offshore soybean transactions in RMB. China has signed local currency settlement agreements with more than 40 countries.By 2023, cross-border RMB payments reached 52 trillion yuan, representing 58 percent of total cross-border flows in multiple currencies: a historic milestone that surpassed the U.S. dollar in comparable measures. In China’s trade with Russia, over 95 percent of transactions are settled in local currencies.China is not aiming to displace the U.S. dollar. Instead, it is creating a system where the dollar remains central but is supplemented by other currencies, strengthening financial security and reducing exposure to unilateral sanctions.4. Ideology: Building up the China ModelChina is moving away from the idea that the U.S. model is the only path to development. Instead, it is cultivating its own approach to governance, knowledge, and global engagement. For decades Western theories such as democratic peace theory framed global discourse and promoted a single standard. China’s experience challenges that assumption.China has lifted more than 100 million people out of extreme poverty over the past decade, achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 10 years ahead of schedule. In comparison, about 15 percent of the U.S. population remains uninsured and debates over health coverage have led to a government shutdown.At home and abroad, China is promoting its governance system as an example of "whole-process people's democracy". Internationally China advocates multilateralism, opposing exclusive trade and security blocs. The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) grouping has expanded from 5 to 15 countries, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization includes states representing 40 percent of the global population and over 150 countries participate in the Belt and Road Initiative.Through these mechanisms, China is shifting from a recipient of U.S.-led global rules to an active participant in shaping new governance structures. Its strategy is not anti-Americanism. Rather, it reflects a push to participate on a more equal footing in global decision-making and to promote a model of development informed by Chinese experience.5. Education: From Brain Drain to Domestic TalentChina is reshaping its higher education system to reduce reliance on American universities and cultivate homegrown expertise. Before 2010, many of China’s top universities modeled curricula and research evaluation systems on U.S. standards. At one point, a significant share of Chinese science and engineering graduates stayed in the United States, limiting domestic capacity for innovation. To reverse this trend, China launched the Strengthening Basics Plan, enrolling 180,000 students over five years in fields such as semiconductors and nuclear science. By 2024, 92 percent of graduates remained in China. The country has also moved away from using the Science Citation Index as the sole metric for research evaluation, emphasizing innovation and practical impact instead. International student flows have balanced: By 2024, China hosted 520,000 foreign students, while the number of Chinese nationals studying in the United States dropped from a peak of 400,000 to under 200,000.Toward a Multipolar WorldAcross trade, technology, finance, ideology, and education, China is building the capacity to engage the world on its own terms. China’s de-Americanization is not anti-globalization or anti-American. It is a strategic recalibration aimed at creating an independent, resilient China capable of participating in global cooperation with greater equality. China's de-Americanization is part of a broader shift from a unipolar U.S.-dominated system toward a more multipolar global order. From the BRICS expansion to Belt and Road projects, from independent 5G deployment to sharing poverty alleviation strategies, China is asserting an alternative model of development that is neither strictly Western nor American.The goal is not confrontation but strategic autonomy. In this evolving framework, emerging economies can participate in global governance without relying on a single dominant power. De-Americanization is less a rebellion than a quiet repositioning ‒ laying the foundation for what might be called re-globalization, in which a diverse, balanced, and multipolar world order becomes the new standard.来源：人大重阳
