摘要:You can only go in if you've got your ticket. (你只有拿到票才能进去。) [你也许拿不到票;若是这样,主句也就不用提了]
when和if都有“当.......时”之义,但二者有差异
if从句表达的是可能,甚至为不真实情况或状况,所以可以If I were you, 而不能是when I were you。
when从句表达我们比较确信的未来情况或状况。
比较:
【例句1】You can only go in if you've got your ticket. (你只有拿到票才能进去。) [你也许拿不到票;若是这样,主句也就不用提了]
【例句2】When I'm older, I'd love to be a dancer. (等我长大了,我想当一名舞蹈家。)[我一定会长大的]
再比较:
【例句3】If Giles comes back to the office, can you tell him I've gone home? (如果贾尔斯回到办公室,你能告诉他我已经回家了吗?)[说话人不知道贾尔斯是否会回到办公室。这仅是可能,即是不确定的。]
【例句4】When Giles comes back to the office, can you tell him I've gone home. (当贾尔斯回到办公室时,你能告诉他我已经回家了吗。)[演讲者确信贾尔斯会回到办公室。]
讨论例行性或可预测的情况和条件时,if和when都可以,句子用现在时,如
【例句5】You can drive if/when you're 17. (当你17岁时,你可以开车。)
【例句6】If/When you don't add enough wood, the fire goes out. (如果你不加足够的木头,火就会熄灭。)
【例句7】When/if we go camping, we usually take two tents. (当我们去露营时,我们通常带两顶帐篷。)
【例句8】She gets out of breath easily when/if she's jogging. (她慢跑时很容易上气不接下气。)
大体上,if倾向“事件逻辑”时, 而when倾向“时间条件”。ODE认为词源上,if与doubt有一定的关联,也许是这个原因导致if不那么“斩钉截铁”。
如果特别强调“事件逻辑”,那么不能用when, 如
【例句9】Unfortunately, if you arrive too late, you are not allowed to take the exam because they don't accept late enrolment. (不幸的是,如果你迟到了,你就不能参加考试,因为他们不接受迟到的报名。)
【例句10×】 … when you arrive too late …
有趣的是if and when可以搭伙用,如
【例句11】If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers what I did for him. [如果我们再次见面,我希望他记得我为他所做的一切。]
【例句12】We don't own a car - we just rent one if and when we need it.[我们没有车--只要需要,我们就租一辆。]
【例句13】We'll face that problem if and when it comes along (=if it happens or when it happens). [如果它发生了,我们将面临这个问题。]
这个搭伙词没有单个when那么确信。
来源:涵涵课堂