摘要：10月6日，一家由纳瓦霍部落控股的公司出价18.6万美元，竞购蒙大拿州东南部联邦土地上1.67亿吨煤炭的开采租赁权。此次拍卖是美国十多年来规模最大的煤炭交易。
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美国蒙大拿州一正在开采的煤矿
美联社2025年10月7日报道，10月6日，一家由纳瓦霍部落控股的公司出价18.6万美元，竞购蒙大拿州东南部联邦土地上1.67亿吨煤炭的开采租赁权。此次拍卖是美国十多年来规模最大的煤炭交易。
尽管唐纳德·特朗普总统仍在推动增加高污染煤炭燃料的开采与燃烧，但这家名为纳瓦霍过渡能源公司的每吨煤报价仅为0.1美分，凸显出煤炭价值已大幅缩水，。
联邦官员未立即表明是否会接受该报价。这是此次拍卖收到的唯一一份报价。两名纳瓦霍过渡能源公司的代表出席了在蒙大拿州比灵斯市联邦土地管理局地方办公室举行的拍卖活动，拍卖结束后他们拒绝置评。
在该地区上一次成功的政府煤炭租赁权拍卖中，皮博迪能源公司的一家子公司曾以7.93亿美元（折合每吨1.10美元）的价格，购得怀俄明州7.21亿吨煤炭的开采权。
此次拍卖的煤炭资源位于蒙大拿州德克尔镇附近，毗邻纳瓦霍过渡能源公司旗下的斯普林克里克煤矿，目前尚不确定这些煤炭的市场需求会有多大。据美联社分析，当前使用斯普林克里克煤矿煤炭的五座发电厂，均计划在未来十年内停止使用煤炭发电。
此次拍卖的租赁权涉及的区域位于粉河盆地。该盆地是美国产量最高的煤田。在时任总统乔·拜登领导的民主党政府时期，官方因煤炭加剧气候变化而禁止该区域的煤炭交易，但共和党人正试图推翻这一决定。
纳瓦霍过渡能源公司认为，此次租赁区域内的煤炭市场价值应处于低位，并援引政府研究报告称，未来二十年内，随着电力公司对煤炭的采购量减少，煤炭市场规模将大幅萎缩。
该公司还以每英亩147美元的价格，竞购了总面积达1262英亩（约合510公顷）的地块。此外，政府计划于10月8日在怀俄明州中部举行另一场煤炭拍卖，此次拍卖的4.4亿吨煤炭资源毗邻纳瓦霍过渡能源公司旗下的羚羊煤矿。
尽管美国政府正处于停摆状态，但这些煤炭拍卖仍在推进，原因是特朗普政府并未让负责审核化石燃料项目的工作人员休假。
美国科罗拉多州北部尚在运营的火电厂
过去二十年间，许多燃煤发电厂已陆续关停，因为电力公司更倾向于使用天然气以及风能、太阳能等可再生能源发电。
哈佛大学经济学家、前总统巴拉克·奥巴马时期白宫经济顾问委员会成员詹姆斯·斯托克表示，出售新的煤炭开采租赁权，并不意味着这些区域的煤炭一定会被开采。
斯托克指出，尽管特朗普宣布进入能源“紧急状态”，并呼吁扩大煤炭开采与使用，但未来建造新燃煤发电厂的可能性极小。他表示，这意味着在特朗普政府时期拍卖的大量煤炭资源，很可能永远不会被开采。
斯托克说：“我认为这些租赁权不会对现实产生太大影响。”
斯普林克里克煤矿目前也向亚洲客户出口煤炭。增加出口量或有助于抵消国内需求的下滑，但港口运力不足的问题，此前已阻碍了该行业扩大煤炭出口的愿景。
美国科罗拉多州北部地区尚在运营的火电厂
Company bids less than a penny per ton in biggest US coal sale in over a decade. By MATTHEW BROWN on AP from BILLINGS, Mont USA. October 7, 2025.
A Navajo tribe-owned company bid $186,000 to lease 167 million tons of coal on federal lands in southeastern Montana on Monday in the biggest U.S. coal sale in more than a decade.
The offer from the Navajo Transitional Energy Co. (NTEC) equates to one-tenth of a penny per ton, underscoring coal’s diminished value even as President Donald Trump pushes to mine and burn more of the heavily polluting fuel.
Federal officials did not immediately say if they would accept the offer. It was the only bid received. Two NTEC representatives attended the sale at the Bureau of Land Management local office in Billings, Montana. They declined to comment after it was over.
At the last successful government lease sale in the region, a subsidiary of Peabody Energy paid $793 million, or $1.10 per ton, for 721 million tons of coal in Wyoming.
It’s uncertain how much demand there will be for the coal offered Monday next to NTEC’s Spring Creek mine near Decker, Montana. The five power plants using fuel from Spring Creek mine are scheduled to stop burning coal in the next decade, according to an analysis by The Associated Press.
The lease is in the Powder River Basin, the most productive coal fields in the nation. Officials under the Democratic administration of then-President Joe Biden banned sales from the region because of coal’s contribution to climate change but Republicans are attempting to reverse that decision.
NTEC argued in favor of a low market value for coal in the lease area, pointing to government studies that predict coal markets will decline significantly over the next two decades as fewer utilities buy the fuel.
The company bid $147 per acre for tracts of land totaling 1,262 acres (510 hectares). Another sale is planned Wednesday in central Wyoming, where the government is offering 440 million tons of coal next to NTEC’s Antelope Mine.
The sales are going forward despite the government shutdown because the Trump administration did not furlough workers responsible for reviewing fossil fuel projects.
Many coal plants have been retired over the past two decades as utilities favored power from natural gas and renewable sources such as wind and solar energy.
Selling new coal leases does not necessarily mean the tracts will be mined, said James Stock, a Harvard University economist and former member of the White House Council on Economic Advisers under President Barack Obama.
Despite Trump’s declaration of an energy “emergency” and his calls to expand mining and burning of coal, Stock said it’s unlikely any new coal plants will be built. That means much of the coal that’s being sold under Trump is unlikely to ever be mined, he said.
“I don’t expect these leases to have much real-world impact,” Stock said.
Spring Creek also ships coal overseas to customers in Asia. Increasing those shipments could help it offset lessening domestic demand, but a shortage of port capacity has hobbled prior industry aspirations to boost coal exports.
来源：莫离说事
