摘要：首先CDK03预警机会先将探测到的目标通过数据链共享给歼10战斗机。然后歼十战斗机会根据态势感知页面看到预警机提供的信息，预警机探测到的地方目标一般情况下就是一个红色的小圆形。
This is the appearance of the J-10C carrying the Thunderbolt 15, and this time its target is the French Rafale fighter jet.
这是歼10C搭载霹雳15的样子，而这次它的目标是法国的阵风战斗机。
Firstly, the CDK03 warning system will share the detected targets with the J-10 fighter jet through a data link. Then the J-10 fighter jet will see the information provided by the early warning aircraft based on the situational awareness page. The target detected by the early warning aircraft is usually a small red circle.
首先CDK03预警机会先将探测到的目标通过数据链共享给歼10战斗机。然后歼十战斗机会根据态势感知页面看到预警机提供的信息，预警机探测到的地方目标一般情况下就是一个红色的小圆形。
After receiving enemy target information provided by the early warning aircraft, the J-10 fighter will actively turn on its own radar. And detect in the direction of the red circle given by the warning aircraft.
有了预警机提供的敌方目标信息以后，此时的歼十战斗机才会主动打开自身的雷达。并且向着预警机给出的红色小圆圈的方向进行探测。
The radar page shows a small red triangle flying towards us. Then lock onto the target. After the target is locked in. The radar page will display a missile range high line. When the red triangle enters the range of the missile, C begins to launch the Thunderbolt 15 missile.
雷达页面可以看到红色的小三角正在朝着我们飞过来。然后锁定目标。当目标锁定后。雷达页面会出现导弹射程高线。在红色的小三角进入导弹射程以内的时候，便是C开始发射霹雳15导弹。
After launch, the initial flight trajectory of the Thunderbolt 15 missile usually climbs slightly. At this stage, the engine will use a large amount of solid fuel for initial acceleration of the missile in order to achieve a longer range.
霹雳15导弹在发射以后，刚开始的飞行轨迹通常会略微爬升。在这个阶段发动机会使用大量的固体燃料，用于初始给导弹加速，以便获得更远的射程。
After launching the missile, the J-10C can directly turn off its radar, re-enter silent mode, or fly out of this airspace to enhance its stealth capability.
而发射导弹后的歼10C就可以直接关闭雷达，重新进入静默模式，或者飞离这块空域，提升自己的隐身性。
After the first stage of acceleration of the Thunderbolt 15 missile is completed, the engine will shut down. Then enter the gliding phase of inertial guidance and data link guidance in the middle section. At this stage, the early warning aircraft can provide data update guidance for the Thunderbolt 15 missile. The warning opportunity tells the missile which direction to fly. The missile will automatically update its flight trajectory without the need for the carrier J-10 to continuously guide it.
在霹雳15导弹第一段加速结束以后，发动机就会关闭。然后进入中段的惯性制导加数据链引导的滑翔阶段。在这个阶段预警机就可以为霹雳15导弹进行数据量更新引导。预警机会告诉导弹要往哪个方向飞行。导弹会自动的更新自己的飞行轨迹，而不再需要载机歼十去持续引导。
This is the bidirectional data link correction capability of Thunderbolt 15. When the Thunderbolt 15 missile was about to reach the vicinity of the enemy plane, the missile's active radar turned on. Independently lock the Rafale fighter jet, then quickly perform secondary ignition acceleration, use up all remaining solid fuel, increase the speed of the missile, and improve the kinetic energy and hit probability of the missile at the end. At the same time, with the guidance of the missile's own radar, the missile will use the proportional guidance method to predict in advance the route that the Rafale fighter will fly.
这个就是霹雳15的双向数据链修正能力了。当霹雳15导弹快要到达敌机附近的时候，导弹自身的主动雷达开机。自主锁定阵风战机，然后迅速进行二次点火加速，将剩余的固体燃料全部用掉，把导弹的速度再加上去，提升导弹在末端的动能和命中概率。同时随着导弹自身雷达的引导，导弹会按照比例引导法，提前预判阵风战机要飞行的路线。
Then grab ahead of the Rafale fighter jet and give a precise report directly to the Rafale fighter jet. This is the general process of using J-10C and P15 to shoot down targets in system operations. This is the power of system cooperation.
然后抢在阵风战斗机的前面，直接与阵风战机来一个精准的报告。这个就是体系作战下，歼10C搭配P15击落目标的大致流程了。这就是体系合作的力量。
Now let's introduce his history and achievements.
下面我们介绍一下他的历史和战绩。
PL-15 Missile: An Airborne Weapon Closely Linked to the U.S. and a Headache for India and Dassault's Rafale
PL-15导弹：与美国关联密切且令印度和达索“阵风”战机头疼的空中利器
In fact, the development and deployment of this missile cannot be separated from the push of the United States.
实际上，这款导弹的研发与部署背后离不开美国的推动。
The history of the PL-15 missile can be traced back to before 2005. According to interviews with Chinese engineers and memoirs published in recent years, about 20 years ago, China noticed that the American company Raytheon proposed a new concept for air-to-air missiles, which later developed into the AIM-120D missile.
PL-15导弹的历史可追溯至2005年之前。通过对中国工程师的访谈及近年出版的回忆录可知，约20年前，中国注意到美国雷神公司提出了一种空空导弹的新概念，该概念后来发展成为AIM-120D导弹。
According to public promotional materials, this missile adopts an unprecedented "dual pulse solid rocket engine", which solves the problem of traditional missile terminal velocity decline and rapid reduction of lethality. It extends the effective range to over 200 kilometers, which is 50% higher than the previous model.
据公开宣传资料显示，这款导弹采用了前所未有的“双脉冲固体火箭发动机”，解决了传统导弹末端速度下降、杀伤力迅速减弱的问题，将有效射程延长至200公里以上，较前型提升了50%。
It also integrates multiple new technologies such as bidirectional data link and thrust vector control. Even more surprising is that its weight remains around 160 kilograms, making it suitable for almost all types of fighter jets. The missile was originally planned to be fully deployed by the US Air Force and Navy in 2013.
它还集成了双向数据链、推力矢量控制等多项新技术。更令人惊讶的是，其重量保持在160公斤左右，几乎适用于所有类型的战斗机。该导弹原计划于2013年在美国空军和海军全面部署。
At that time, China had just begun mass production of the latest model of PL-12 missile, but its range was only about 100 kilometers, heavier than AIM-120D, and its guidance system was more outdated. Even compared to the previous generation AIM-120C of the United States, it did not have an advantage.
当时，中国刚刚开始大规模生产最新型号的PL-12导弹，但其射程仅约100公里，重量比AIM-120D更重，制导系统也更为落后，即便与美国的上一代AIM-120C相比也不具优势。
In China's vision, the confrontation between China and the United States in the future of fifth generation aircraft seems inevitable. If the gap in weapon capabilities is so large, Chinese pilots will face the fate of being 'slaughtered'.
在中国的设想中，中美五代机未来的对抗似乎不可避免。若武器能力差距如此之大，中国飞行员将面临被“屠杀”的命运。
So, China hastily launched the PL-15 project with a clear goal: to reach the level of AIM-120D within ten years (without even considering surpassing it at that time).
于是，中国仓促启动了PL-15项目，目标很明确：在十年内达到AIM-120D的水平（当时甚至未考虑超越）。
However, its technical requirements far exceeded China's capabilities at that time. An engineer recalled that over the course of six years, their development of a new "dual pulse solid state engine" suffered repeated setbacks, with 47 consecutive experimental failures. The project leader reported disappointedly to the superiors, "We cannot reach the level of the United States, and it is suggested to lower the technical requirements
然而，其技术要求远超中国当时的能力。一位工程师回忆称，在六年时间里，他们研发新型“双脉冲固体发动机”屡屡受挫，连续47次实验失败。项目负责人失望地向上级汇报：“我们达不到美国水平，建议降低技术要求。”
After adjusting the maximum weight of the missile to "not exceeding 200 kilograms", research and development have finally made progress. In a test launch in 2013, the missile successfully intercepted its target and was able to maintain a speed of 5 Mach at a range of 200 kilometers, with a maximum range of 250 kilometers. The planned bidirectional data link, anti-interference, and high overload technologies were also successfully implemented.
在将导弹最大重量调整为“不超过200公斤”后，研发终于取得进展。2013年的一次试射中，该导弹成功拦截目标，在200公里射程处仍能保持5马赫的速度，最大射程达250公里，计划中的双向数据链、抗干扰及高过载技术也成功实现。
The engineer recalled, "It was too difficult, but we ultimately succeeded. Unfortunately, the missile was longer and heavier than the original design, and due to technological limitations, we did not have the thrust vectoring technology of the United States. But fortunately, it was still able to fit into the internal weapon compartment of the J-20, at least effectively
这位工程师回忆道：“太难了，但我们最终成功了。遗憾的是，导弹比原设计更长、更重，由于技术限制，我们没有美国的推力矢量技术。但幸运的是，它仍能装入歼-20的内部武器舱，至少有效。”
But there was a dramatic twist in the plot. When developing the AIM-120D, Raytheon encountered almost the same problem as Chinese engineers: the planned "dual pulse solid rocket engine" could not work properly, and all the missiles produced were stacked in the warehouse and could not pass testing. After a three-year delay, the AIM-120D finally entered service in 2016 after changing propellant suppliers and modifying designs, but by this time the missile was vastly different from its initial concept.
但剧情出现了戏剧性转折。雷神公司在研发AIM-120D时，遇到了与中国工程师几乎相同的问题：计划中的“双脉冲固体火箭发动机”无法正常工作，生产出的导弹全部堆放在仓库，无法通过测试。经过三年延迟，AIM-120D在更换新的推进剂供应商并修改设计后，于2016年终于服役，但此时该导弹与最初的概念已大相径庭。
The "dual pulse solid rocket engine" has been cancelled and replaced with the same engine as the previous model; The bidirectional data link has been removed, the thrust vector control has been cancelled, and the anti-interference ability has also decreased. The most crucial thing is that the missile range has been reduced to 160 kilometers, with a maximum range of 180 kilometers.
“双脉冲固体火箭发动机”被取消，取而代之的是与前型相同的发动机；双向数据链被移除，推力矢量控制被取消，抗干扰能力也有所下降。最关键的是，导弹射程被削减至160公里，最大射程为180公里。
When the AIM-120D was deployed, the Chinese were shocked: "How is it different from what was advertised?"
当AIM-120D部署时，中国人震惊了：“怎么和宣传的不一样？”
In 2017, General Herbert Carlisle of the United States Air Force Air Combat Command stated during a congressional hearing that "the PL-15 has rendered all of our current fighter jets obsolete. ”
2017年，美国空军空战司令部的赫伯特·卡莱尔将军在国会听证会上表示：“PL-15让我们目前所有的战斗机都过时了。”
This is not an exaggeration. The Pentagon's simulation shows that when facing the J-20 equipped with PL-15 missiles, the F-35's survival rate drops by 60%. Aviation Weekly referred to it as a 'game changing weapon'. The Pentagon was forced to accelerate the progress of the AIM-260 program, a secret missile project that was unexpectedly exposed due to the Pentagon's urgent need for funding.
这并非夸大其词。五角大楼的模拟显示，当面对配备PL-15导弹的歼-20时，F-35的生存率下降了60%。《航空周刊》将其称为“改变游戏规则的武器”。五角大楼被迫加速推进“ AIM-260”项目，这是一个秘密导弹项目，因五角大楼需要紧急申请资金而意外曝光。
However, some military experts and professional media believe that China's claimed technical parameters may be false and "simply impossible". After all, China's air-to-air missiles have almost no actual combat experience, and there is no precise data indicating that they have shot down enemy planes. Countries possessing these missiles are almost limited to China and Pakistan. Compared to similar weapons from the United States, Europe, and Russia, many air forces around the world consider China's missiles to be just a "minor role".
然而，一些军事专家和专业媒体认为，中国宣称的技术参数可能是虚假的，“根本不可能”。毕竟，中国的空空导弹几乎没有实战经验，也没有确切数据表明其击落过敌机，拥有这些导弹的国家几乎仅限于中国和巴基斯坦。与美、欧、俄的同类武器相比，全球许多空军认为中国的导弹只是“小角色”。
In 2025, during the India Pakistan conflict, the PL-15E launched by the Pakistani Air Force consecutively shot down India's Rafale, Su-30MKI, and Mirage 2000 fighter jets. Although India has consistently denied these losses, information from Dassault Systeme, Martin Baker (supplier of ejection seats), and social media confirms these shooting incidents, and US and European military monitoring agencies have also confirmed these achievements.
2025年，在印巴冲突中，巴基斯坦空军发射的PL-15E连续击落印度的“阵风”、苏-30MKI和“幻影2000”战机。尽管印度一直否认这些损失，但来自达索公司、马丁·贝克公司（弹射座椅供应商）以及社交媒体的信息证实了这些击落事件，美欧军事监测机构也确认了这些战果。
According to public information from the China Air Show, PL-15E is a simplified version of PL-15 with reduced propellant and a range of only 150 kilometers. However, the missile fragments found in India are from early production models dating back to 2015. These fragments appear deep within Indian territory, often reaching depths of tens of kilometers, proving that Pakistan launched missiles from 100-200 kilometers away, to the point where Indian radar was unable to detect or locate attack aircraft.
从中国航展的公开信息来看，PL-15E是PL-15的简化版，推进剂减少，射程仅150公里。然而，在印度境内发现的导弹碎片来自2015年的早期生产型号，这些碎片出现在印度领土深处，往往深入数十公里，这证明巴基斯坦是从100-200公里外发射的导弹，以至于印度雷达无法探测或锁定攻击机。
Nowadays, no one doubts the technological level of the PL-15, which is considered the strongest air-to-air missile currently produced on a large scale worldwide. Its price is only half of similar international products, and China is even willing to sell production lines.
如今，没人再怀疑PL-15的技术水平，它被认为是目前全球大规模生产的最强大空空导弹。其价格仅为国际同类产品的一半，中国甚至愿意出售生产线。
As of 2024, countries that have purchased PL-15E include Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Myanmar, with Algeria, Iran, and Serbia also showing some interest.
截至2024年，购买PL-15E的国家包括巴基斯坦、沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋和缅甸，阿尔及利亚、伊朗和塞尔维亚似乎也有一定兴趣。
After the India Pakistan air battle, the capability of this missile shocked the world, and its customer base is likely to rapidly expand, which may mutually promote the sales of the J-10C fighter jet.
印巴空战之后，这款导弹的能力震惊世界，其客户群 likely 将迅速扩大，可能会与歼-10C战斗机的销售相互促进。
来源：今涛拍案