摘要：状语从句就是由一个句子来充当状语。起副词的作用，所以状语从句又叫做副词性从句。

状语从句精讲

状语从句就是由一个句子来充当状语。起副词的作用，所以状语从句又叫做副词性从句。

在上面这个例句中，从句是描述主句动作发生的时间，因此准确的来讲，它是一个时间状语从句。根据从句的不同作用，状语从句可以分为9种：时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句，方式状语从句。

1.时间状语从句-Adverbial clause of time

时间状语从句的连词(引导词)

1)常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, not...until，until/till等。

a.when引导时间状语从句时表示当……的时候， when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可以在主句的动作之前或之后发生，如：

I'll call you when I get there.

My wife was cooking dinner when I came home.

When the wind blows, all the doors rattle.

He stopped trying when he would have succeeded next time.

注意1：如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同， 而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语和be可以省略；如：

When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help.

注意2：当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时， 往往还可以用“when＋分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如：

When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep.

=When coming into the room, I found him lying there asleep.

b.while引导时间状语从句时表示当……的时候， 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，(往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比)，用这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：

We must strike while the iron is hot.

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

c.as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时，一边……一边……”。侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)， 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。As引导的动作是延续性动作。如：

I slipped on the ice as I ran home.

He played his mobile phone as he went along.

注意：当when, as, while表示“在某段段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时可以互换。如：

When we were discussing, Mr. Simon came in.

While we were discussing, Mr. Simon came in.

As we were discussing, Mr. Simon came in.

d.as soon as引导的时间状语从句，表示“一...就...”。如：

I will tell her the good news as soon as she comes back.

My family always go somewhere interesting as soon as winter holiday comes.

e.before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。如：

See me before you leave.

Before you drive, you will have to pass the driving test.

f.after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。如：

I saw them after I arrived.

I found his pen after he left.

g.till和until：表示直到，一般情况下可以互换。till不能用在句首，而until可以放在句首。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.

I worked until he came back.

Until he came back, I stopped my work.

Please wait until I arrive.

h.since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”，其用法主要有两种：

(1).现在完成时的主句＋since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。如：

He hasn't been home since he graduated.

They have been friends since they were in primary school.

What have you been doing since I saw you last time?

(2).It be＋表示一段时间的词汇＋since引导的时间状语从句。如：

It has been two years since I became a postgraduate student.

It had been three years since we had been there.

It has two hours since he left the classroom.

注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用任何一种将来时，如：一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如：

I'll telephone you as soon as I get there.

She said she would phone me as soon as she got there.

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

2)特殊引导词：the moment(the day,the minute,the second), every time(each time, whenever),directly/immediately等。

The moment I heard the news, I rushed to the spot.

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on(visit) me.

Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.

注意：由by the time引导的时间状语从句，要注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。如：

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.

注意：由as long as和so long as引导时间状语从句，这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark.

※ 课间小练

选择题

1. He was told that it would be at least three more months he could recover and return to work.

A.when

B.before

C.since

D.that

2. Why didn't you tell him about the meeting?

He rushed out of the room I could say a word.

A.before

B.until

C.when

D.after

3. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life we've actually had that lesson.

A.until

B.after

C.since

D.when

4. What was the party like?

Wonderful. It has been years I enjoyed myself so much.

A.after

B.before

C.when

D.since

5. They friends since they met in Shanghai.

A.have made

B.have become

C.have been

D.have turned

※ 课间小练答案

1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C

2.地点状语从句-Adverbial clauses of place

地点状语从句顾名思义，描述的是主句动作发生的地点或方位。

地点状语从句的连词（引导词）

1)常用引导词：where

Generally, the air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

We must camp where we can get water.

Go back where you came from.

You can go where you want to go.

They will go where they are happy.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

2)特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

Keep in touch with your family members wherever you are in the world.

I'll take you anywhere you like.

I will meet you anywhere you wish.

His dog follows him everywhere he goes.

Everywhere I go, I am mistaken for Ethan.

※ 课间小练

1. You should let your children play you can see them.

A.where

B.when

C.in which

D.that

2. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help there is human suffering.

A.whoever

B.however

C.whatever

D.wherever

3. Mom, what did the doctor say?

He advised me to live the air is fresher.

A.in where

B.in which

C.the place where

D.where

4. I am I will be thinking of you.

A.where

B.wherever

C.that

D.when

5. My mother likes everything in order, and she always reminds us to put things back we get them.

A.so that

B.in which

C.where

D.once

※ 课间小练答案

1.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.C

3.原因状语从句-adverbial clause of cause

原因状语从句就是用于解释事件发生原因的状语从句。

原因状语从句的连词

1)常用引导词：because, as, since, for

a.because表示“因为”，用来说明人所不知的原因，语气最强。如：

My friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.

They can't have gone out because the light is on.

b.As表示“由于”， 引导的原因状语从句，表示已知的、 显然的理由，语气较强。如：

As I was afraid, I hid myself.

You needn't go with me, as you are busy.

c.since表示“既然”, 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由，语气较弱。如：

Since you are free today, you'd better help him with his math.

Since you don't trust him, you should not employ him.

d.for也表示“理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由。但是它连接的不是状语从句，而是两个并列的句子，语气比很弱。如：

He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.

It must be morning, for the birds are singing.

2）特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.

Seeing that quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference.

The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.

3)原因状语从句的易错点解析

a.汉语习惯上说“因为……所以……”，但英语习惯上却不能将 because与so连用。例如：

Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.×

Because it was raining, we stayed at home. √

It was raining, so we stayed at home.√

b.because从句与because of短语的转换。例如：

He can't come because he is ill.

Because后面he is ill.是一个句子，我们就把because he is ill.叫做原因状语从句。

He can't come because of his illness.

Because of后面his illness是一个词组，所以我们把because of his illness不叫做原因状语从句，而叫做这个句子的原因状语。

※ 课间小练

选择题

1. A man cannot smile like a child, a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.

A. so

B. but

C. and

D. for

2. you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

A.Now that

B.After

C.Although

D.As soon as

3. Why were you absent from the meeting last time?

I had to deal with some urgent things.

A.Because

B.For

C.Now that

D.As

4. her daughter hadn't come back, she looked worried.

A.Because, /

B.Because, so

C.Though, but

D.Though, /

5. He found it increasingly difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A.and

B.for

C.but

D.or

※ 课间小练答案

1.D 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.B

4.目的状语从句-adverbial clause of purpose

目的状语从句，就是从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的状语从句。

目的状语从句的连词

1)常用引导词：so that, in order that, in case（美语表条件：要是；英语表目的：以防）。例如：

The teacher raised his voice on purpose so that the students could hear more clearly.

Vicky asked Seven to hurry up with the contract so that she could sign them.

He works hard in order that his family may be happy.

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.

注意1：in order that与in order to的区别。in order that+从句；in order to+动词原形(in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句，叫目的状语)。如：

I get up early in order to catch the early bus.

本句中in order to 为了，接动词原形，做目的状语。

注意2：so much so that引导目的状语从句，表示到如此程度以致于……。

He was very weak, so much so that he could not walk.

I long to visit Beijing, so much so that I dream about it every night.

注意3：在口语中：so可以引导目的状语从句。

We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better.

2)特殊引导词：for fear that(lest书面用语), in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that.

He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

I punished the child for fear that(lest) he would make the same mistake.

He ran to the station in the hope that he could catch the last bus.

He did this for the purpose that he could attract her attention.

Nature has given us two ears, two eyes, and but one tongue, to the end that we should hear and see more than we speak.

※ 课间小练

1. The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life.

A.in case

B.as if

C.in order that

D.only if

2. I think that you had better get up earlier you can get to class on time.

A.in order

B.so that

C.such that

D.that

3. Ann listened carefully she could discover what she needed.

A.such that

B.in order that

C.because

D.even though

4. I wrote it down I should forget it.

A.in case of

B.in case

C.as if

D.in order that

5. I get up so early I can not be late

A.that

B.so that

C.such that

D.in order

※ 课间小练答案 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B

5.结果状语从句-adverbial clause of result

结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，通常位于主句之后。

结果状语从句的连词

1)常用引导词：so…that, such…that。如：

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.

It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.

It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.

注意1：so…that与 such…that之间的转换。如：

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

此处so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。

He is such a young boy that he can't go to school.

此处such是形容词，通常修饰名词词组。

The ball hit him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.

此处so修饰副词hard。

注意2：so+many/few或much/little+名词+that的用法。如：

There are so many storybooks that the boy won't leave.

He gave me so little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time.

2)特殊引导词：so that, to the (such a) degree that, to the extent that.

* so that可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。如：

He worried so that he couldn't sleep.

此处so that译为以至于，引导目的状语从句。

I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.

此处so that译为以便，引导结果状语从句。

At that time, politicians were not known to the degree that they are today.

I became pregnant, but this man was very violent towards me to the extent that I lost my baby.

※ 课间小练

选择题

1. Pop music is such an important part of society it has even influenced our language.

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.where

2. Mrs. Green is that she often gives candies to the children.

A.so a nice lady

B.such a nice lady

C.a so nice lady

D.too nice a lady

3. The meeting is important that you mustn't miss it..

A.very

B.such

C.so

D.too

4. good time we had at the party last night.

Yes, it was exciting party that I would never forget it.

A.What, so

B.How, such

C.What a, such an

D. How a, so an

5. Our PE teacher walks we can't catch up with him.

A.so quick that

B.too quickly that

C.so quickly that

D.too quickly that

※ 课间小练答案 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C

6.条件状语从句-adverbial clause of condition

条件状语从句表示在某种情况下某事很可能发生。

条件状语从句的引导词

1)常用引导词：if,unless,whether(whether...or not).如：

If you ask him, he will help you.

If you fail the exam, you will let him down.

You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.

Unless it rains, the game will be played.

Whether by accident or design, they met.

You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.

Whether the result is favorable or not, you should speak the truth.

Whether the weather is good or not, he will go to visit his grandparents.

注意：真实条件句与非真实条件句(非真实条件句虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实相反)。如：

If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park. 真实条件句

If I were you, I would go with him.非真实条件句/虚拟语气

2)特殊引导词：on condition that, as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case（美语表条件：要是；英语表目的：以防）

I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.

You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.

So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do.

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

Supposing that it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting?

Take your umbrella in case it rains.

Children may enter the club only if they are accompanied by adults.

注意：on if表示只要……引导条件状语从句，放在句首的时候要注意主句要用倒装语序。如：

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.

※ 课间小练

选择题

1. If you to the party, you'll have a great time.

A.will go

B.went

C.go

D.going

2. hard, you’ll succeed．

A.Work

B.If you work

C.If you are going to work

D.To work

3.I her the answer if she me.

A.can tell, will ask

B.will tell, will ask

C.would tell, ask

D.will tell, asks

4. the soldiers were alive, they wouldn’t have their position ．

A.As long as; occupying

B.As soon as; occupied

C.So long as; occupied

D.Once; occupy

5. If the rain , we'll have to change tonight's plan．

A.goes

B.stays

C.continues

D.keeps

※ 课间小练答案 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C

7.让步状语从句-adverbial clause of concession

让步状语从句表示虽然、尽管、即使等概念。之所以叫让步状语从句，是因为这类从句所表达的意思相当于汉语里所说的退一步讲……。

让步状语从句的连词

1)常用引导词

a.though和although引导的让步状语从句。

这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。although引导的让步状语从句一般位于主句之前，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet或still连用，但不能与but连用。

She passed the examination, though she had not studied very hard.

Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.

Although/Though he was exhausted, he(still) kept on working.

Though I believe it, yet I must consider.

He's very attractive, though certainly not a ladykiller.

b.even if和even though引导的让步状语从句。例如：

* even if 引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的“即使、纵然、就算、哪怕”。

Even if it rains tomorrow, we won't change our plan.

Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it.

They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed.

I would have married her even if she had been penniless.

* even though引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息，相当于汉语的“尽管、虽然”。

Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game.

Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a nice time.

He went out even though it was raining.

He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.

注意：不过，在实际语言运用中，even if与even though有时也可不加区别地混用。

Even if/Even though she always laughs at him, he likes her.

2)特殊引导词

a. while,in spite of the fact that引导的让步状语从句。如：

While I like the colour， I don't like the shape.

While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.

In spite of the fact that they don't have a lot of money, they still decided to help him.

In spite of the fact that he failed the exam, he will never give up.

b. as引导的让步状语从句(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)。如：

Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.

Fast as you read, you can't finish the book so soon.

Hard as he works, he makes little progress.

Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

注意：whether也可用于引导让步状语从句时意为“无论”。例如：

Whether he is rich or poor, I'll marry him.

* 由疑问词+ever或no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句。

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whenever you come, you are welcome.

No matter when you come, you are welcome.

Wherever you go, I will go with you.

No matter where you go, I will go with you.

Whoever you are, you must keep the law.

No matter who you are, you must keep the law.

Whichever you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.

No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.

However pure the water looks, I do not want to drink it.

No matter how pure the water looks， I do not want to drink it.

※ 课间小练

1. she is young, she knows quite a lot.

A When

B. However

C. Although

D. Unless

2. Nobody believed him what he said.

A.even though

B.in spite

C.no matter

D.contrary to

3. You should try to get a good night's sleep much work you have to do.

A.however

B.no matter

C.although

D.whatever

4. , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together．

A.However late is he

B.However he is late

C.However is he late

D.However late he is

5. He tried his best to solve the problem, difficult it is．

A.however

B.no matter

C.whatever

D.although

※ 课间小练答案

1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A

8.比较状语从句-adverbial clause of comparison

比较状语从句主要用来表达人或事物的属性或特征的不同程度。所以，比较关系都是有关形容词和副词的比较用法的。

比较状语从句的连词

1)常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)。如：

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

He does not work as hard as his brother.

He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.

Nothing is more dangerous than making friends with him.

He thinks more about her appearance than her personality.

He loves the dog more than his wife does.

注意：as…as…与so…as…可以互换。例如：

He does not work as hard as his brother.

He does not work so hard as his brother.

My hometown is as beautiful as Hangzhou.

My hometown is so beautiful as Hangzhou.

The film today is not so interesting as the one yesterday.

* according as也可引导比较状语从句，表示按照……的方式。例如：

You may go or stay, according as you decide.

You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.

2)特殊引导词：the more…the more…; more…than…; just as (like)…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no more…than; not so much A as B.例如：

The more she learns, the more she wants to learn.

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

This kind of food is less expensive than that one.

All the plants and animals need air just as they need water.

Mary goes to school at seven every morning just like her brother.

Food is to men what oil is to machines.

=Food is to men as oil is to machines.

Air is to humans what water is to fish.

=Air is to humans as water is to fish.

Jack is no more diligent than John.

It’s no more than a mile to the shops.

He is not so much a journalist as a writer.

There is nothing in the world that I like so much as music．

He went away without so much as saying goodbye.

※ 课间小练

选择题

1. She is as tall_____her sister.

A.as

B.so

C.that

D.which

2. The hill is_____that one.

A.tall than

B.as taller

C.as taller than

D.taller than

3. He did the experiment_____he was told.

A.during

B.as

C.so

D.though

4. It is generally believed that teaching is_____it is a science．

A.as art much as

B.much an art as

C.as an art much as

D.as much an art as

5. What do you think of French?

In my opinion, French is_____English.

A.a subject so difficult as

B.as a subject difficult as

C.as difficult a subject as

D.difficult as subject as

※ 课间小练答案

1.A 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C

9.方式状语从句-adverbial clause of manner

方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式。

方式状语从句的连词

1)常用引导词：as, as if, how.如：

We must do as the Party tells us.

When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

字面意思是身在罗马就像罗马人一样行事；这是西方的一句俗语，中文一般翻译为入乡随俗。

She behaved as if she were the boss.

He cleared his throat as if to say something.

You should behave how your father does.

In one's own home, one can act how one likes.

2)特殊引导词：the way(可以用来代替how)。如：

Please pronounce the word the way I do.

=Please pronounce the word how I do.

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

=Sometimes we teach our children how our parents have taught us.

※ 课间小练

1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .

A.breaks

B.has broken

C.were broken

D.had been broken

2. He was in great trouble, but he acted nothing had happened.

A.as if

B.as

C.if

D.though

3. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.

A.was happening

B.happens

C.has happened

D.happened

4. She did her work her manager had instructed.

A.as

B.until

C.when

D. though

5. Some students don't know the language point I never taught them before.

A.even if

B.as to

C.as for

D.as if

※ 课间小练答案

1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.D

1.状语从句的语序

状语从句的语序和其它从句一样都要用陈述语序。

状语从句（时间状语从句）

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

宾语从句

I don't know what he is doing.

表语从句

That's what she wants to know.

主语从句

When they will go hasn’t been decided.

同位语从句

Miss Maria, an English teacher in our center, is very responsible.

定语从句

Could you please tell me the place where you met for the first time?

2.状语从句的时态

状语从句的时态有个口诀：“主现从任、主过从过、主将从现”。意思是说：

1)主线从任：主句是现在时的话，从句可用任何时态。

Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.

Do write the number down so that you won't forget it.

You should be quiet when you are in the library.

2)主过从过：主句是过去时的话，从句用过去时态中的一种。

He entered the room after I stopped eating.

He arrived at my house when I was watching TV.

He finally came back, while I had waited for an hour.

3)主将从现：主句是将来时的话，从句用现在时。

I will be a nurse when I grow up.

If you run, you'll not be late for the plane.

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.

* since引导时间状语从句时，其主句通常要用现在完成时，有时也用现在完成进行时。

She has had another baby since I saw her last year.

He has been studying very hard since he came to our school.

The girl told her father she had been ill since she came home.

* 由no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely)…when引出的时间状语从句，其主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。如:

No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts.

No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang.

Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

Scarcely had I arrived at Shenzhen when I got a phone call from my parents.

※状语从句的省略

1)当状语从句的主语是it，且谓语动词是be时，it和be可以完全简化掉。如：

You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is) possible.

2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉，常用于以下几种情形。如：

Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.

Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.

Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.

As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.

He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.

He stood up as if (he were) to say something.

She looked anxious as if (she was) in trouble.

He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.

来源：Jerry的英语课堂一点号