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“覃学苦练（66）：精读硕士论文《考虑原制造商双向公平关切的闭环供应链决策研究》问题描述”
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“Qin Xueku Lian (66): Intensive reading of the master's thesis "Study on closed-loop supply chain decision-making considering the two-way fairness concerns of the original manufacturer" Problem description”
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一、思维导图（Mind mapping）

本期内容围绕双渠道闭环供应链，梳理了再制造相关竞争矛盾与双渠道策略，明确三方主体权责、正逆向物流闭环结构及场景边界，为后续供应链决策模型构建奠定理论基础，也为企业相关策略制定提供实践参考。

This issue focuses on the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain, sorting out the competitive contradictions and dual-channel strategies related to remanufacturing, clarifying the rights and responsibilities of the three parties, the forward and reverse logistics closed-loop structure and scenario boundaries, laying a theoretical foundation for the subsequent construction of supply chain decision-making models, and providing practical references for the formulation of relevant corporate strategies.

二、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

（一）研究背景与行业痛点（Research background and industry pain points）

1.政策与环保驱动（Policy and environmental protection drive）

全球资源短缺与环境污染加剧，各国立法推动废旧产品回收再利用，强制企业承担产品全生命周期责任，同时鼓励再制造以提升资源效率。再制造作为循环经济核心，兼具环保与降本增利价值，吸引原制造商与第三方再制造商参与。

With global resource shortages and increasing environmental pollution, countries are enacting legislation to promote the recycling and reuse of used products, forcing companies to assume full lifecycle responsibility for their products. Remanufacturing is also encouraged to improve resource efficiency. As the core of the circular economy, remanufacturing combines environmental protection with cost reduction and profit growth, attracting both original manufacturers and third-party remanufacturers.

但第三方再制造商的加入，使再制造产品与原制造商新产品形成竞争、蚕食其市场份额；原制造商可借专利保护收取许可费平衡损失，这一矛盾成为研究核心冲突点之一。

However, the participation of third-party remanufacturers has caused remanufactured products to compete with the original manufacturers' new products and erode their market share; the original manufacturers can use patent protection to collect licensing fees to offset the losses. This contradiction has become one of the core conflict points of the research.

2.渠道变革趋势（Channel transformation trends）

电子商务迅猛发展，线上直销渠道因时空限制小、物流便捷、价格有优势，成为企业重要销售路径，不少企业采用“线下零售+线上直销”双渠道模式。

With the rapid development of e-commerce, online direct sales channels have become a crucial sales path for enterprises, particularly due to their limited time and space constraints, convenient logistics, and price advantages. Many enterprises have adopted a dual-channel model, combining "offline retail + online direct sales."

但闭环供应链中，渠道布局需考虑再制造产品对新产品品牌价值的影响，部分企业为避免再制造产品降低新产品感知价值，采用 “新产品线下、再制造产品线上” 的分化策略，这一符合品牌维护需求、体现双渠道闭环供应链独特运营逻辑的策略，成为研究重要场景设定。

However, in a closed-loop supply chain, channel layout needs to consider the impact of remanufactured products on the brand value of new products. To prevent remanufactured products from reducing the perceived value of new products, some companies adopt a differentiation strategy of "new products offline, remanufactured products online." This strategy addresses the needs of brand maintenance and reflects the unique operating logic of the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain, thereby becoming an important scenario for research.

（二）供应链结构与博弈主体（Supply chain structure and game players）

1.三方主体构成的闭环生态（A closed-loop ecosystem consisting of three parties）

研究聚焦由“原制造商-零售商-第三方再制造商”组成的闭环供应链，各主体在正向生产销售与逆向回收再制造环节中分工明确，形成完整的商业生态：

The research focuses on a closed-loop supply chain consisting of "original manufacturer-retailer-third-party remanufacturer." Each entity has a clear division of labor in both the forward production and sales and reverse recycling and remanufacturing stages, forming a complete business ecosystem:

原制造商：供应链核心主导者，正向生产新产品批发给零售商，逆向回收自有废旧产品再制造，还以专利所有者身份向第三方再制造商授权并收费，兼具“生产者”、“回收者”与“专利授权方”三重角色。

Original manufacturer: the core leader of the supply chain, forward producing new products and wholesaling them to retailers, reverse recycling its own waste products for remanufacturing, and also authorizing and charging third-party remanufacturers as the patent owner, playing the triple roles of "producer", "recycler", and "patent licensor".

零售商：线下渠道载体，仅售原制造商的新产品，不参与再制造与回收，以合理定价实现利润最大化为目标，是连接原制造商与线下消费者的关键纽带。

Retailer: An offline channel carrier that only sells new products from the original manufacturer and does not participate in remanufacturing or recycling. Its goal is to maximize profits through reasonable pricing. It is the key link between the original manufacturer and offline consumers.

第三方再制造商：再制造补充力量，获原制造商专利授权后，通过自有线上渠道售再制造产品，与原制造商既竞争（争再制造产品市场）又合作（依赖专利授权），是供应链中具动态性的主体。

Third-party remanufacturers supplement remanufacturing capabilities by obtaining patent authorization from the original manufacturer and then selling remanufactured products through their own online channels. They compete with the original manufacturer (for the remanufactured product market) and cooperate with it (relying on patent authorization). They are the most dynamic entities in the supply chain.

2.双向物流形成的闭环特征（Closed-loop characteristics formed by bidirectional logistics）

供应链的“闭环”特性体现在正向物流与逆向物流的完整衔接：

The “closed loop” nature of the supply chain is reflected in the complete connection between forward logistics and reverse logistics:

正向物流：分两条路径，一是新产品经原制造商到零售商再到消费者；二是原制造商与第三方再制造商的再制造产品，通过各自线上渠道直达消费者，实现生产端到消费端高效流转。

Forward logistics: There are two paths. One is that new products go from the original manufacturer to the retailer and then to the consumer. The other is that the remanufactured products of the original manufacturer and third-party remanufacturers are sold directly to consumers through their respective online channels, facilitating efficient circulation from the production end to the consumption end.

逆向物流：以原制造商回收自有废旧产品为核心，回收产品经处理后进入再制造环节、转化为再制造产品重入市场，完成“消费-回收-再制造-再消费”闭环，既体现循环经济理念，也简化回收主体复杂性，让研究聚焦核心决策问题。

Reverse logistics: With the original manufacturer recycling its own waste products as the core, the recycled products enter the remanufacturing link after processing, and are transformed into remanufactured products to re-enter the market, completing the "consumption-recycling-remanufacturing-re-consumption" closed loop. It not only embodies the concept of circular economy, but also simplifies the complexity of recycling entities, allowing research to focus on core decision-making issues.

（三） 研究场景的边界与价值定位（Boundaries and value positioning of research scenarios）

1.场景边界（Scene boundary）

研究通过明确场景边界，确保分析的聚焦性与严谨性：

The study ensures the focus and rigor of the analysis by clarifying the boundaries of the scenario:

渠道分工边界：严格划分销售渠道，新产品仅线下零售、再制造产品仅线上直销，排除跨渠道销售的复杂情况，便于清晰分析不同渠道定价与需求规律。

Channel division of labor boundaries: Strictly divide sales channels, with new products only sold offline and remanufactured products only sold online directly, eliminating the complexity of cross-channel sales and facilitating clear analysis of pricing and demand patterns in different channels.

主体行为边界：假设供应链各主体“公平中性”，仅以自身利润最大化为目标，不考虑公平关切等行为偏好，为后续引入“原制造商双向公平关切”提供基准，助力精准揭示公平偏好对供应链决策的影响。

Entity behavioral boundaries: Assuming that all supply chain entities are "fair and neutral," aiming only to maximize their own profits without considering behavioral preferences such as fairness concerns, this provides a benchmark for the subsequent introduction of "two-way fairness concerns of original manufacturers" and helps accurately reveal the impact of fairness preferences on supply chain decisions.

2.研究理论与实践价值（Research theoretical and practical value）

理论价值：该部分构建的公平中性闭环供应链场景，是后续集中决策、分散决策模型构建与对比分析的基础。通过明确供应链结构、主体权责与渠道规则，为后续模型推导提供了清晰的逻辑起点，确保理论分析的严谨性与连贯性。

Theoretical value: The fair and neutral closed-loop supply chain scenario constructed in this section serves as the foundation for the subsequent construction and comparative analysis of centralized and decentralized decision-making models. By clarifying the supply chain structure, the rights and responsibilities of stakeholders, and channel rules, it provides a clear logical starting point for subsequent model derivation, ensuring the rigor and consistency of theoretical analysis.

实践价值：场景设定紧密贴合行业实际，如专利许可的应用、双渠道的分化、再制造产品的渠道选择等，均反映了企业在闭环供应链运营中的真实决策困境。后续基于该场景的研究结论，可直接为企业制定再制造策略、渠道定价策略、专利许可定价策略提供参考，具备较强的实践指导意义。

Practical value: The scenario closely aligns with industry realities, including the application of patent licensing, the differentiation of dual channels, and the selection of channels for remanufactured products. These scenarios reflect the real decision-making dilemmas faced by companies in closed-loop supply chain operations. Subsequent research conclusions based on this scenario can directly inform companies' formulation of remanufacturing strategies, channel pricing strategies, and patent licensing pricing strategies, providing strong practical guidance.

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翻译：谷歌翻译

参考资料：百度百科、Chat GPT

参考文献：闫毓敏.考虑原制造商双向公平关切的闭环供应链决策研究[D].湖南大学,2021.

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文字：qin
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来源：LearningYard学苑