摘要：区别：主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时用has，其余人称（I/you/we/they/复数名词）用have。
小升初英语“四个有”（have/has/there be/have got）用法详解、辨析、易错陷阱及40道选择题专练（附答案解析）
一、“四个有”核心用法详解
1. have / has
- 含义：表示“某人/某物拥有”，强调“所属关系”。
- 主语：必须是人或有生命的事物（如动物、植物）。
- 区别：主语是第三人称单数（he/she/it/单数名词）时用has，其余人称（I/you/we/they/复数名词）用have。
- 例句：
- I have a new pen.（我有一支新钢笔。）
- She has two cats.（她有两只猫。）
2. there be
- 含义：表示“某地/某时存在某物/某人”，强调“客观存在”。
- 结构：there be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语（主语前不能加this/that/these/those）。
- 就近原则：be动词的单复数由离它最近的主语决定（单数用is，复数用are）。
- 例句：
- There is a book on the desk.（桌子上有一本书。）
- There are some apples in the bag.（袋子里有一些苹果。）
3. have got
- 含义：与have/has含义相同，均表示“拥有”，口语中更常用（小升初阶段可理解为“have的同义表达”）。
- 主语：第三人称单数用has got，其余人称用have got。
- 否定/疑问：直接在have/has后加not（have not got = haven’t got；has not got = hasn’t got），疑问句将have/has提前。
- 例句：
- They have got a big house.（他们有一栋大房子。）
- He hasn’t got a ruler.（他没有尺子。）
二、易错陷阱辨析（3大高频考点）
陷阱1：“所属”vs“存在”（have/has vs there be）
- 关键：看句子强调“谁拥有”还是“哪里有”。
✅ 正确：She has a dog.（她有一只狗——强调“她拥有”）
❌ 错误：She there is a dog.
✅ 正确：There is a dog in her room.（她房间里有一只狗——强调“房间里存在”）
❌ 错误：Her room has a dog.
陷阱2：there be的“就近原则”
- 关键：be动词只看“最近的主语”，不看后面所有名词。
✅ 正确：There is a pen and two pencils in the box.（盒子里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔——最近主语“a pen”是单数，用is）
❌ 错误：There are a pen and two pencils...
陷阱3：have/has与have got的混淆（否定/疑问）
- 关键：have/has的否定需加助动词do/does（I don’t have... / He doesn’t have...）；have got直接加not（I haven’t got... / He hasn’t got...）。
✅ 正确：She doesn’t have a bike. / She hasn’t got a bike.
❌ 错误：She hasn’t have a bike. / She doesn’t have got a bike.
三、40道选择题专练
1. My father ______ a new car.
A. have B. has C. there is D. have got
2. ______ a map on the wall.
A. There is B. There are C. Have D. Has
3. They ______ two big eyes.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
4. ______ any books in your bag?
A. Is there B. Are there C. Have you D. Has you
5. Tom ______ got a red pencil.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
6. ______ a cat and a dog in the garden.
7. I ______ a good friend. Her name is Lucy.
A. have B. has C. there is D. there are
8. ______ some milk in the glass?
A. Is there B. Are there C. Have there D. Has there
9. The bird ______ two wings.
10. We ______ got three notebooks.
11. ______ a park near my home. I often go there.
A. There is B. There are C. I have D. I has
12. Mike ______ not ______ a basketball.
A. do; have B. does; have C. do; has D. does; has
13. ______ any students in the classroom now?
14. My mother ______ got a nice dress. She likes it.
15. This tree ______ many green leaves.
16. ______ some bread on the plate.
17. They ______ not ______ got a new computer.
A. have; / B. has; / C. do; have D. does; have
18. ______ a pen, a ruler and two erasers in my pencil-case.
19. Lucy ______ a small mouth and big eyes.
20. ______ any water in the bottle?
21. We ______ a big classroom. ______ many desks in it.
A. have; There are B. has; There is C. have; There is D. has; There are
22. He ______ not ______ a toy car. He wants one.
A. have; got B. has; got C. do; have D. does; have
23. ______ a dog near the door? Yes, ______.
A. Is there; there is B. Are there; there are C. Have; I have D. Has; he has
24. My sister ______ got two dolls. They are beautiful.
25. ______ some apples and a banana on the table.
26. I ______ a new schoolbag. ______ a lot of books in it.
A. have; There is B. have; There are C. has; There is D. has; There are
27. The zoo ______ many animals, like tigers and pandas.
28. ______ any juice in the cup? No, ______.
A. Is there; there isn’t B. Are there; there aren’t C. Have you; I haven’t D. Has he; he hasn’t
29. She ______ a red skirt. She ______ not ______ a blue one.
A. have; have; got B. has; have; got C. has; has; got D. have; has; got
30. ______ a teacher and thirty students in our class.
31. They ______ three balls. One is red, and the other two are blue.
32. ______ any flowers in your garden? Yes, ______ some.
A. Is there; there is B. Are there; there are C. Have you; I have D. Has she; she has
33. My brother ______ not ______ a bike. He walks to school.
34. ______ a book and some pens in my schoolbag.
35. The rabbit ______ two long ears. It’s very cute.
36. ______ some rice in the bowl. You can eat it.
37. We ______ not ______ got a TV in our bedroom.
38. ______ a park and a supermarket near here?
39. Miss Li ______ a kind teacher. She ______ many students.
A. is; have B. is; has C. has; is D. has; are
40. ______ any birds in the tree? No, ______ aren’t.
A. Is there; there B. Are there; there C. Have you; I D. Has he; he
四、参考答案及解析
1. B 解析：主语“my father”是第三人称单数，表“拥有”用has。
2. A 解析：表“墙上存在地图”用there be，主语“a map”是单数，用is。
3. C 解析：主语“they”是复数，表“拥有眼睛”用have。
4. B 解析：“any books”是复数，表“存在”用are there；have/has主语需是人，排除C/D。
5. B 解析：主语“Tom”是第三人称单数，have got变has got。
6. A 解析：there be就近原则，“a cat”是单数，用is。
7. A 解析：主语“I”是第一人称，表“拥有朋友”用have。
8. A 解析：“milk”是不可数名词，表“存在”用is there。
9. B 解析：主语“the bird”是第三人称单数，表“拥有翅膀”用has。
10. A 解析：主语“we”是复数，have got用have。
11. A 解析：表“家附近存在公园”用there be，“a park”是单数，用is；C选项“我有公园”逻辑错误。
12. B 解析：主语“Mike”是第三人称单数，否定用doesn’t have（has变原形have）。
13. B 解析：“any students”是复数，表“存在”用are there。
14. B 解析：主语“my mother”是第三人称单数，have got变has got。
15. B 解析：主语“this tree”是第三人称单数，表“拥有树叶”用has。
16. A 解析：“bread”是不可数名词，表“存在”用there is。
17. A 解析：主语“they”是复数，have got的否定是have not got（haven’t got）。
18. A 解析：there be就近原则，“a pen”是单数，用is。
19. B 解析：主语“Lucy”是第三人称单数，表“拥有嘴和眼睛”用has。
20. A 解析：“water”是不可数名词，表“存在”用is there。
21. A 解析：第一空“we”用have；第二空“many desks”是复数，用there are。
22. D 解析：主语“he”是第三人称单数，否定用doesn’t have；若用have got，应为hasn’t got，选项中无，故选D。
23. A 解析：“a dog”是单数，用is there；肯定回答“yes, there is”。
24. B 解析：主语“my sister”是第三人称单数，have got变has got。
25. B 解析：there be就近原则，“some apples”是复数，用are。
26. B 解析：第一空“我”用have；第二空“many books”是复数，用there are。
27. B 解析：主语“the zoo”（机构可视为“单数主体”），表“拥有动物”用has。
28. A 解析：“juice”是不可数名词，用is there；否定回答“no, there isn’t”。
29. C 解析：主语“she”是第三人称单数，第一空用has；第二空have got的否定是hasn’t got。
30. A 解析：there be就近原则，“a teacher”是单数，用is。
31. A 解析：主语“they”是复数，表“拥有球”用have。
32. B 解析：“any flowers”是复数，用are there；肯定回答“yes, there are”。
33. B 解析：主语“my brother”是第三人称单数，否定用doesn’t have。
34. A 解析：there be就近原则，“a book”是单数，用is。
35. B 解析：主语“the rabbit”是第三人称单数，表“拥有耳朵”用has。
36. A 解析：“rice”是不可数名词，表“存在”用there is。
37. A 解析：主语“we”是复数，have got的否定是haven’t got。
38. A 解析：there be就近原则，“a park”是单数，用is there。
39. B 解析：第一空“是善良的老师”用is；第二空“she”是第三人称单数，表“拥有学生”用has。
40. B 解析：“any birds”是复数，用are there；否定回答“no, there aren’t”。
来源：蒙古元素