摘要：过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它强调“过去的过去”，即动作发生的时间比另一个过去的动作或时间更早。

中考英语过去完成时详解及五十道选择题专练

一、过去完成时的定义

过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它强调“过去的过去”，即动作发生的时间比另一个过去的动作或时间更早。

二、过去完成时的构成

过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成，其中had通用于各种人称和数。

三、过去完成时的用法

1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作：

- When I got to the station, the train had already left.（我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。“火车离开”发生在“我到达车站”之前）

2. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中，若从句谓语动作先于主句谓语动作：

- She said (that) she had never been to Paris.（她说她从未去过巴黎。“她从未去过巴黎”这个动作发生在“她说”之前 ）

3. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图：常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended等结构。

- I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.（我本希望能多看看上海。但实际上没有实现）

四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时强调在这个过去动作之前已经发生的动作。例如：

- He saw the film yesterday.（一般过去时，单纯说明昨天看了电影）

- He said he had seen the film before.（过去完成时，“看电影”发生在“说”之前 ）

五、过去完成时五十道选择题专练

1. By the time I got back to school, the bell ______.

A. rang B. has rung C. had rung

2. The bus ______ for five minutes when Tim arrived at the station.

A. went B. has left C. had been away

3. We ______ four English songs by the end of last term.

A. had learned B. have learned C. learned

4. She ______ the book for 2 weeks before she returned it to the library.

A. borrowed B. has borrowed C. had kept

5. When I got to the cinema, the movie ______ for ten minutes.

A. began B. has begun C. had been on

6. The plane ______ when we got to the airport.

A. had taken off B. took off C. has taken off

7. He said he ______ to Beijing three times.

A. had been B. has been C. went

8. Before he went to school, he ______ some English.

A. learned B. has learned C. had learned

9. The train ______ when we got to the station.

A. left B. has left C. had left

10. By the end of last month, we ______ the project.

A. finished B. have finished C. had finished

11. She ______ in the factory for three years before she moved here.

A. worked B. has worked C. had worked

12. I ______ the novel by the time you lent me this book.

A. had read B. have read C. read

13. When I arrived at the party, everyone else ______ already ______.

A. had; arrived B. has; arrived C. arrived

14. The film ______ for five minutes when we got to the cinema.

A. had begun B. had been on C. has been on

15. By the time I got up, my mother ______ breakfast.

A. cooked B. has cooked C. had cooked

16. He told me that he ______ the book.

A. read B. has read C. had read

17. She ______ to the Great Wall twice before she went to college.

A. has been B. had been C. was

18. They ______ the work by the end of last week.

19. Before I came to China, I ______ English for six years.

20. When I opened the door, I found that the room ______ by someone.

A. cleaned B. has been cleaned C. had been cleaned

21. By the time he was ten, he ______ a lot of French.

22. The teacher said that we ______ Unit 6 by the end of this month.

A. will finish B. would finish C. had finished

23. She said she ______ a new bike.

A. bought B. has bought C. had bought

24. He ______ the pen for two days before he lost it.

A. had had B. has had C. had

25. When I got to the classroom, the students ______ their homework.

A. finished B. has finished C. had finished

26. By the time the police arrived, the thief ______.

A. ran away B. has run away C. had run away

27. We ______ each other before last week.

A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. hadn't seen

28. She ______ the letter before her mother came into her room.

A. wrote B. has written C. had written

29. The train ______ for twenty minutes when we finally got on it.

A. had been away B. has been away C. was away

30. I realized that I ______ my keys at home.

31. By the end of last year, they ______ five English plays.

A. put on B. have put on C. had put on

32. He told me that he ______ to the park the day before.

A. went B. has gone C. had gone

33. She ______ in the company for five years before she got married.

34. The concert ______ for ten minutes when we got there.

A. had started B. had been on C. has been on

35. Before I knew it, he ______ all the water.

A. drank B. has drunk C. had drunk

36. By the time she was five, she ______ a little piano.

A. played B. has played C. had played

37. The boy said that he ______ the answer.

A. knew B. has known C. had known

38. They ______ the project by the time the manager came back.

A. completed B. have completed C. had completed

39. When I woke up, my father ______ to work.

40. She ______ the book for a week before she found it was very interesting.

A. had B. has had C. had had

41. By the time I arrived at the airport, my friend's plane ______.

A. took off B. has taken off C. had taken off

42. He said he ______ the film twice.

A. saw B. has seen C. had seen

43. We ______ all the money by the end of last month.

A. spent B. have spent C. had spent

44. Before I came to this school, I ______ in that one for two years.

A. studied B. has studied C. had studied

45. When I opened the fridge, I found that the milk ______.

A. went bad B. has gone bad C. had gone bad

46. By the time he was twelve, Edison ______ to make a living by himself.

A. began B. has begun C. had begun

47. The teacher told us that Columbus ______ America in 1492. But I thought I ______ it before.

A. discovered; had heard B. had discovered; heard C. discovered; have heard

48. She told me that she ______ a new dress.

49. He ______ in the army for two years before he came back home.

A. served B. has served C. had served

50. When I got to the meeting room, the meeting ______ for ten minutes.

A. started B. has started C. had been on

六、参考答案及解析

1. C。“by the time + 一般过去时”，主句用过去完成时，表示在“我回到学校”这个过去动作之前，“铃响”这个动作已经发生。

2. C。“for five minutes”表示一段时间，leave是瞬间动词，不能与一段时间连用，要用be away来表示状态，且“公交车离开”在“Tim到达车站”之前，用过去完成时。

3. A。“by the end of last term”是过去完成时的标志，在“上学期期末”之前“我们学了四首英文歌” 。

4. C。borrow是瞬间动词，不能与“for 2 weeks”连用，要用keep来表示借的状态，且动作发生在“归还”之前，用过去完成时。

5. C。begin是瞬间动词，不能与“for ten minutes”连用，be on表示电影放映的状态，且在“我到达电影院”之前电影已开始，用过去完成时。

6. A。“飞机起飞”在“我们到达机场”之前，用过去完成时。

7. A。在“他说”之前“他去过北京三次”，宾语从句中用过去完成时。

8. C。“在他上学之前”，动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。

9. C。“火车离开”在“我们到达车站”之前，用过去完成时。

10. C。“by the end of last month”是过去完成时标志，在“上个月底”之前“我们完成了项目”。

11. C。“在她搬到这里之前”，在过去的过去她“在工厂工作了三年”，用过去完成时。

12. A。“在你借给我这本书之前我已经读了这本小说”，用过去完成时。

13. A。“当我到达派对时，其他人都已经到了”，“其他人到达”在“我到达”之前，用过去完成时。

14. B。begin是瞬间动词，不能与“for five minutes”连用，be on表示电影放映的状态，且在“我们到达电影院”之前电影已开始，用过去完成时。

15. C。“在我起床时，妈妈已经做好了早饭”，“妈妈做好早饭”在“我起床”之前，用过去完成时。

16. C。在“他告诉我”之前“他读了这本书”，宾语从句用过去完成时。

17. B。“在她上大学之前”，在过去的过去“她去过长城两次”，用过去完成时。

18. C。“by the end of last week”是过去完成时标志，在“上周末”之前“他们完成了工作”。

19. C。“在我来中国之前”，在过去的过去“我学了六年英语”，用过去完成时。

20. C。“房间被打扫”在“我打开门”之前，且是被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。

21. C。“在他十岁时”，在过去的过去“他学了很多法语”，用过去完成时。

22. B。“老师说”是过去时，“到这个月底完成第六单元”是从过去看将来要完成的动作，用过去将来时。

23. C。在“她说”之前“她买了一辆新自行车”，宾语从句用过去完成时。

24. A。“在他弄丢钢笔之前”，在过去的过去“他拥有这支钢笔两天了”，用过去完成时，have的过去分词是had。

25. C。“当我到达教室时，学生们已经完成了作业”，“学生完成作业”在“我到达教室”之前，用过去完成时。

26. C。“在警察到达时，小偷已经跑了”，“小偷跑了”在“警察到达”之前，用过去完成时。

27. C。“在上周之前”，在过去的过去“我们没有见过彼此”，用过去完成时。

28. C。“在她妈妈进房间之前”，在过去的过去“她写了这封信”，用过去完成时。

29. A。“火车离开”在“我们最终上车”之前，且与“for twenty minutes”连用要用延续性动词be away，用过去完成时。

30. C。“我意识到我把钥匙落在家里了”，“落钥匙”在“意识到”之前，用过去完成时。

31. C。“by the end of last year”是过去完成时标志，在“去年年底”之前“他们上演了五部英语剧”。

32. C。“他告诉我他前一天去了公园”，“去公园”在“他告诉我”之前，宾语从句用过去完成时。

33. C。“在她结婚之前”，在过去的过去“她在公司工作了五年”，用过去完成时。

34. B。start是瞬间动词，不能与“for ten minutes”连用，be on表示音乐会进行的状态，且在“我们到达那里”之前音乐会已开始，用过去完成时。

35. C。“在我知道之前，他已经喝光了所有的水”，用过去完成时。

36. C。“在她五岁时”，在过去的过去“她会弹一点钢琴了”，用过去完成时。

37. C。“这个男孩说他知道答案”，“知道答案”在“他说”之前，宾语从句用过去完成时。

38. C。“在经理回来时”，在过去的过去“他们完成了项目”，用过去完成时。

39. C。“当我醒来时，爸爸已经去上班了”，“爸爸去上班”在“我醒来”之前，用过去完成时。

40. C。“在她发现这本书很有趣之前”，在过去的过去“她拥有这本书一周了”，用过去完成时。

41. C。“在我到达机场时，我朋友的飞机已经起飞了”，“飞机起飞”在“我到达机场”之前，用过去完成时。

42. C。“他说他看过这部电影两次了”，“看电影”在“他说”之前，宾语从句用过去完成时。

43. C。“by the end of last month”是过去完成时标志，在“上个月底”之前“我们花光了所有的钱”。

44. C。“在我来这所学校之前”，在过去的过去“我在那所学校学习了两年”，用过去完成时。

45. C。“当我打开冰箱时，我发现牛奶已经坏了”，“牛奶坏了”在“我打开冰箱”之前，用过去完成时。

46. C。“在他十二岁时”，在过去的过去“爱迪生开始自己谋生”，用过去完成时。

47. A。“哥伦布在1492年发现美洲”是客观事实，用一般过去时；“我之前听说过”在“我认为”之前，用过去完成时。

48. C。“她告诉我她买了一条新裙子”，“买裙子”在“她告诉我”之前，宾语从句用过去完成时。

49. C。“在他回家之前”，在过去的过去“他在军队服役了两年”，用过去完成时。

50. C。start是瞬间动词，不能与“for ten minutes”连用，be on表示会议进行的状态，且在“我到达会议室”之前会议已开始，用过去完成时。

来源：蒙古元素