摘要:反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question)也叫附加疑问句,由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。它表示提问人的看法,没有十足把握,需要对方加以证实,翻译为“是吗” 。反意疑问句主要有以下两种形式:
反义疑问句详解
反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question)也叫附加疑问句,由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。它表示提问人的看法,没有十足把握,需要对方加以证实,翻译为“是吗” 。反意疑问句主要有以下两种形式:
- 陈述部分肯定式 + 疑问部分否定式(前肯后否),例如:They work hard, don’t they?(他们努力工作,不是吗?)
- 陈述部分否定式 + 疑问部分肯定式(前否后肯),例如:You didn't go, did you?(你没去,是吗?)
注意事项
- 前后谓语关系:反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是 “肯定陈述 + 否定疑问” 或 “否定陈述 + 肯定疑问”,遵循前肯后否,前否后肯的原则。
- 简略问句否定形式:简略问句如果是否定式,not 应与 be,do,will 等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写,如 isn't,don't,won't 等。
- 简略问句主语:简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词,如 It is a book, isn't it? (这里不能用isn't the book)。
- 语调:当说话者的目的不在疑问,而是为了加强语气时,用降调;当说话者的目的在疑问,则用升调。
- 特殊句型情况
- 含否定意义词:当陈述部分有 never,seldom,hardly,few,little,barely,scarcely,nothing,none,rarely ,no,not,no one,nobody,neither 等否定意义的词汇时,后面的反义疑问句则为肯定形式,如:There're few apples in the basket, are there?(篮子里几乎没有苹果了,是吗?)
- 含否定前缀词:当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是 unhappy,dislike,unfriendly 等含有否定词缀的派生词,也就是有 un -,dis - 前缀、- less 后缀等含词缀而意思否定的词,当肯定句处理,疑问部分用否定形式,如:He looks unhappy, doesn’t he?(他看上去不高兴,不是吗?)
- 含think等动词的主从复合句:含有 think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect 等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反义疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式 。
- 当主句的主语为第一人称(I/We)时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式,例如:I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?(我不相信他能翻译这本书,他能吗?)
- 当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关) ,例如:Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?(你姐姐认为她不需要帮助,是吗?)
- 祈使句:
- 一般情况下用 will you 或 won't you 。如:Give me a hand, will you?(帮我一把,好吗?)
- 以 Let's(听者包括在内)开头的祈使句,前肯后可肯可否,疑问句必须用 shall we(shall 只用于第一人称) ;只有以 Let us(听话人不被包括在 “us” 里面)或 Let me 开头的祈使句,问句才用 will you ,例如:Let's try again, shall we?(我们再试试,好吗?);Let us know the time of your arrival, will you?(让我们知道你到达的时间,好吗?)
- 当陈述句是否定的祈使句时,问句可用 will you 或 can you ,例如:Don’t make much noise, will/can you?(别弄出太多噪音,好吗?)
- There be句型:There be 句型中,反义疑问部分必须为be 动词 + there,例如:There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?(篮子里有一些苹果,不是吗?) ;there used to be,反义疑问句有两种形式:didn't there 和 usedn't there 。
- have的不同情况:
- 陈述部分有had better,或其中的had表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头,例如:You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?(你最好早点起床,不是吗?)
- have表示“有”的时候,反义疑问句有两种形式 ,例如:He has two sisters,doesn’t he? =He has two sisters, hasn’t he?(他有两个姐姐,不是吗?) ;当have 表示“吃”“经历”“开会”等其他含义时,只用do来构成反义疑问句,例如:He has supper at home every day, doesn’t he?(他每天在家吃晚饭,不是吗?)
双语例句
1. You are a student, aren't you? 你是一名学生,不是吗?
2. She can speak English well, can't she? 她英语能说得很好,不是吗?
3. They have been to Beijing, haven't they? 他们去过北京,不是吗?
4. He likes playing basketball, doesn't he? 他喜欢打篮球,不是吗?
5. The book is interesting, isn't it? 这本书很有趣,不是吗?
6. We should study hard, shouldn't we? 我们应该努力学习,不是吗?
7. You have a pen, don't you / haven't you? 你有一支钢笔,不是吗?
8. She will come to the party, won't she? 她会来参加派对,不是吗?
9. He has breakfast at seven every day, doesn't he? 他每天七点吃早饭,不是吗?
10. There is a cat under the chair, isn't there? 椅子下面有一只猫,不是吗?
11. You went to school yesterday, didn't you? 你昨天去上学了,不是吗?
12. They are playing football, aren't they? 他们正在踢足球,不是吗?
13. She has finished her homework, hasn't she? 她已经完成了她的作业,不是吗?
14. He can ride a bike, can't he? 他会骑自行车,不是吗?
15. It was a good day yesterday, wasn't it? 昨天是美好的一天,不是吗?
16. We have to go now, don't we? 我们现在必须走了,不是吗?
17. You don't like coffee, do you? 你不喜欢咖啡,是吗?
18. He seldom goes to the cinema, does he? 他很少去看电影,是吗?
19. She never tells lies, does she? 她从不说谎,是吗?
20. There are many stars in the sky, aren't there? 天空中有很多星星,不是吗?
21. I am right, aren't I? 我是对的,不是吗?
22. Let's go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物吧,好吗?
23. Let us go home, will you? 让我们回家吧,好吗?
24. Give me a book, will you / won't you? 给我一本书,好吗?
25. He is unhappy today, isn't he? 他今天不开心,不是吗?
26. The story is boring, isn't it? 这个故事很无聊,不是吗?
27. They had a good time last night, didn't they? 他们昨晚玩得很开心,不是吗?
28. She doesn't know the answer, does she? 她不知道答案,是吗?
29. You mustn't be late, must you? 你不能迟到,是吗?
30. He must be at home, isn't he? 他一定在家,不是吗?
来源:蒙古元素