摘要：在这个日新月异的时代，我们似乎总在追求效率与速度，却往往忽略了那些经过时间沉淀的传统智慧。特别是在一些需要深厚底蕴与精湛技艺的传统行业中，师承制度的老规矩，如“三年学艺，两年效力”，不仅是技艺传承的基石，更是文化传承的灵魂。今天，让我们一同探讨这一传统规矩在现
在这个日新月异的时代，我们似乎总在追求效率与速度，却往往忽略了那些经过时间沉淀的传统智慧。特别是在一些需要深厚底蕴与精湛技艺的传统行业中，师承制度的老规矩，如“三年学艺，两年效力”，不仅是技艺传承的基石，更是文化传承的灵魂。今天，让我们一同探讨这一传统规矩在现代社会中的价值与意义，特别是它在中医师承中的应用与启示。
一、老规矩背后的深意
“三年学艺，两年效力”，这简短的几个字，蕴含了深厚的哲理与智慧。三年，是学徒们潜心学习、打磨技艺的宝贵时光。在这段时间里，他们不仅要掌握师父传授的技艺，更要学会师父的做人之道、行医之德。而两年效力，则是对师父辛勤教导的回馈，是学徒们将所学应用于实践、检验自身技艺的重要阶段。这一制度，既保证了技艺的纯正与精湛，又强调了师徒之间的责任与义务，体现了中华传统文化中“尊师重道”的核心价值观。
二、中医师承的困境与机遇
中医，作为中华民族瑰宝之一，其深厚的文化底蕴与独特的理论体系，离不开师承制度的传承。然而，在现代社会，随着医疗体系的变革与西医的冲击，中医师承面临着前所未有的挑战。许多年轻中医缺乏系统的师承教育，导致技艺传承出现断层。此时，回归“三年学艺，两年效力”的老规矩，无疑为中医的传承与发展指明了方向。
三、老规矩的现代价值
1. 技艺传承的保障：通过严格的师承制度，师父可以手把手地传授经验，确保技艺的纯正与精湛。这不仅有利于中医理论的传承，更能让年轻中医在实践中快速成长，成为真正的行家里手。
2. 医德医风的塑造：在师承过程中，师父的言行举止、医德医风都会潜移默化地影响学徒。这种身教重于言传的方式，有助于培养年轻中医的仁心仁术，让他们成为患者信赖的良医。
3. 文化自信的增强：回归老规矩，不仅是对中医技艺的传承，更是对中华传统文化的弘扬。这有助于增强民族自豪感与文化自信，让中医在国际舞台上绽放更加璀璨的光芒。
四、实例佐证
以某位知名老中医为例，他年轻时曾师从多位名医，历经数年寒窗苦读与实践磨砺。正是这段宝贵的师承经历，让他不仅掌握了精湛的医术，更领悟到了中医的博大精深与人文关怀。如今，他已成为中医界的佼佼者，致力于中医的传承与发展。他的成功，正是“三年学艺，两年效力”老规矩的最好诠释。
五、悬念与反思
然而，我们也不得不面对一个现实：在现代社会，快节奏的生活与巨大的经济压力，让许多人难以静下心来投身传统技艺的学习与传承。那么，如何在保持传统精髓的同时，适应现代社会的需求？这或许是每一个传统行业都需要思考的问题。
六、结语
“三年学艺，两年效力”，这不仅仅是一个规矩，更是一种智慧、一种情怀、一种对传统文化的坚守与传承。在中医师承中回归老规矩，不仅有利于中医技艺的纯正与精湛，更能让中医文化在现代社会中焕发出新的生机与活力。让我们携手共进，为传统行业的传承与发展贡献自己的力量！
作者简介：梁世杰 中医高年资主治医师，本科学历，从事中医临床工作24年，积累了较丰富的临床经验。师从首都医科大学附属北京中医院肝病科主任医师、著名老中医陈勇，侍诊多载，深得器重，尽得真传！擅用“商汤经方分类疗法”、专病专方结合“焦树德学术思想”“关幼波十纲辨证”学术思想治疗疑难杂症为特色。现任北京树德堂中医研究院研究员，北京中医药薪火传承新3+3工程—焦树德门人（陈勇）传承工作站研究员，国际易联易学与养生专委会常务理事，中国中医药研究促进会焦树德学术传承专业委员会委员，中国药文化研究会中医药慢病防治分会首批癌症领域入库专家。荣获2020年中国中医药研究促进会仲景医学分会举办的第八届医圣仲景南阳论坛“经方名医”荣誉称号。2023年首届京津冀“扁鹊杯”燕赵医学研究主题征文优秀奖获得者。事迹入选《当代科学家》杂志、《中华英才》杂志。
Liang Shijie: Three years of apprenticeship, two years of service - the wisdom and charm of old rules in traditional trades
In this rapidly changing age, we seem to be always striving for efficiency and speed, often ignoring the traditional wisdom that has been accumulated over time. Especially in some traditional industries that require deep foundation and skill, the old rules of the teaching system, such as "three years of learning, two years of service," are not only the cornerstone of technical inheritance, but also the soul of cultural inheritance. Today, let us explore the value and significance of this traditional practice in modern society, especially its application and implications in traditional Chinese medicine.
I. The deep meaning behind the old rules
In these few words, "Three years to learn arts and two years to serve," there is a profound sense of philosophy and wisdom. Three years is a precious time for the apprentices to study deeply and hone their skills. During this time, they must not only master the skills taught by their teacher, but also learn the teacher's ways of conducting themselves and practicing medicine. Two years of service is a reward for the hard teaching of the teacher, and it is an important stage for the apprentices to apply what they learn to practice and test their skills. This system not only ensures the purity and exquisite craftsmanship, but also emphasizes the responsibilities and obligations between teachers and apprentices, which reflects the core values of "respecting teachers and respecting Dao" in Chinese traditional culture.
II. Difficulties and Opportunities Facing Chinese Medicine Practitioners
As one of the treasures of the Chinese nation, traditional Chinese medicine, with its deep cultural heritage and unique theoretical system, cannot be inherited without the system of teacher training. However, in modern society, with the change of the medical system and the impact of Western medicine, Chinese physicians face unprecedented challenges. Many young Chinese medicine practitioners lack systematic teacher education, which leads to fault lines in the inheritance of the skill. At this time, the return to the old rule of "three years of learning arts and two years of service" has undoubtedly pointed the way for the inheritance and development of Chinese medicine.
III. The Modern Value of Old Norms
1. Safeguarding the inheritance of skills: Through a strict system of teaching, the teacher can hand-teach the experience and ensure the purity and excellence of the skills. This is not only conducive to the transmission of traditional Chinese medicine theory, but also allows young Chinese medicine practitioners to grow rapidly in practice and become true practitioners.
2. The shaping of medical morality and ethics: During the course of training, the teacher's words and deeds and medical morality will subtly affect the apprentice. This way of teaching, which is more important than verbal transmission, helps to cultivate the gentle heart and spirit of young Chinese medicine, so that they can become good doctors trusted by patients.
3. Enhance cultural confidence in its culture: Returning to the old rules is not only the inheritance of TCM skills, but also the promotion of Chinese traditional culture. This will help enhance national pride and confidence in its culture, and make TCM shine more brightly in the international arena.
IV. Further evidence
Take an example of a well-known old Chinese medicine practitioner who, when he was young, studied and practiced many famous doctors through the cold window for years. It is this valuable teaching experience that has allowed him not only to master the finest medical techniques, but also to realize the great depth and human concern of traditional Chinese medicine. Today, he has become a leader in the field of Chinese medicine and is committed to the inheritance and development of Chinese medicine. His success is the best illustration of the old rules of "three years of apprenticeship and two years of service."
V. Suspension and Reflection
However, we also have to face the reality that in modern society, the fast pace of life and huge economic pressures make it difficult for many people to devote themselves to the study and inheritance of traditional skills. So how can we adapt to the needs of modern society while maintaining the essence of the traditional? This is probably something every traditional industry needs to think about.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
"Three years of learning, two years of effectiveness," this is not only a rule, but also a kind of wisdom, a kind of feelings, a kind of traditional culture and inheritance. The return of old rules in traditional Chinese medicine not only benefits the purity and sophistication of traditional Chinese healing techniques, but also allows traditional Chinese culture to breathe new life and vitality in modern society. Let us work together to contribute our own strength to the heritage and development of traditional industries!
Author Bio: Liang Shijie is a senior medical practitioner in traditional Chinese medicine with an undergraduate degree. He has been engaged in traditional medicine clinical work for 24 years and has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. Following Chen Yong, chief physician of liver disease at Beijing Traditional Medicine Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, and renowned old Chinese medicine, he has been treated for many years and received great attention. He specializes in the treatment of difficult diseases using "conversational traditional therapy" and special treatments combined with the academic ideas of Jiao Shude and Guan Yubo's ten-level diagnosis.He is currently a researcher at the Shude Tang TCM Research Institute in Beijing, a fellow at the new 3 + 3 project of traditional Chinese medicine flame inheritance in Beijing - a scholar at the inheritance workstation of Jiao Shude's protégés (Chen Yong),He is a standing committee member of the International Expert Committee on E-learning and Health Care, a member of the Jiao Shude Academic Heritage Special Committee of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine Research, and the first cancer specialist to be included in the chapter of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Culture Research Association. Won the 2020 China Association for the Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Medical Branch held the eighth session of the Medical Saint Zhongjing Nanyang Forum "Classic Prescription Famous Doctor" honorary title. The winner of the first Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei "Pingui Cup" Yanzhao Medical Research Essay Award in 2023. His work was featured in the journal Current Scientist and the journal Chinese Talent.
来源：首都专家梁世杰一点号