1903年，给慈禧画像的女画家，看到的光绪长什么样？

摘要：1903到1904年，美国女画家卡尔应邀入宫给慈禧画像。1905年她把这9个月的经历写成了一本书，名叫《With the Empress Dowager of China》。入民国后，有1917年中华书局《慈禧写照记》以及不知年份商务印书馆《清慈禧太后画像记》

Katharine Carl（1858-1938）

1903到1904年，美国女画家卡尔应邀入宫给慈禧画像。1905年她把这9个月的经历写成了一本书，名叫《With the Empress Dowager of China》。入民国后，有1917年中华书局《慈禧写照记》以及不知年份商务印书馆《清慈禧太后画像记》等不同译本。

书中有专章记述光绪皇帝，对光绪相貌也做了描绘。作为一名女画家，她眼中的光绪是什么样呢？对此，上述两种中译本分别记述如下：

中华书局《慈禧写照记》

予见光绪帝之时，光绪帝年事已近三十二岁。其容貌虽极尊严，而不如慈禧太后远甚。帝身长五英尺而强，头形极佳，两目大，作褐色，目皮下垂，鼻高，有尊严相，与宫中诸贵人称。口阔，唇薄，其神情态度，可以清癯二字尽之。帝头发如沐，光可鉴人，颔下髭犹无。……皇帝平日服饰，朴素称其本性，除逢国家有大典礼外，不穿艳服，亦不簪宝石等物。……

——1917年中华书局《慈禧写照记》第八章《光绪皇帝》

商务印书馆《清慈禧太后画像记》

帝身颀而长，貌清癯，寡言笑而精神内敛，若有隐忧者，和蔼远逊太后。余见时，帝年已三十余，恶剃发，无须……

——不知年份商务印书馆《清慈禧太后画像记》第七章《光绪皇帝》

对比可见，两种版本对于光绪帝的相貌详略不一，显然对原文有所删略。那么，女画家卡尔自己表述的光绪原貌，又是如何呢？为此，我找到英文原版，并将相关内容翻译如下：

英文原版《With the Empress Dowager of China》

His Majesty the Emperor Kwang-Hsu was nearing the completion of his thirty-second year when I was first presented to him.
我第一次觐见光绪皇帝陛下时，他即将年满三十二岁。

I found him an interesting study, but not to the degree of Her Majesty the Empress Dowager, who has charm and is so fascinating.
我发现他是一位值得研究的对象，但程度不及皇太后陛下那般迷人且充满魅力。

He has a well-shaped head, with the intellectual qualities well developed, a high brow, with large brown eyes and rather drooping lids, not at all Chinese in form or setting.
他头形匀称，显露出高度发达的智力特征；前额高阔，棕色的大眼睛，眼睑微垂，其形状和位置完全不像典型的中国人。

His nose is high and, like most members of the Imperial Family, is of the so-called “noble" type.
他鼻梁高挺，与皇室大多数成员一样，属于所谓的“贵族”类型。

A rather large mouth with thin lips, the upper short with a proud curve, the lower slightly protruding, a clear-cut, thin jaw, a strong chin a little beyond the line of the forehead, with not an ounce of superfluous flesh on the whole face, give him an ascetic air and, in spite of his rather delicate physique, an appearance of great reserve strength.
略大的嘴巴，嘴唇较薄，上唇短而带有骄傲的曲线，下唇微凸；清晰瘦削的下颌，结实而略超出前额线条的下巴；整个面庞无一丝赘肉，赋予他一种苦行僧的气质，尽管体格看似纤弱，却流露出内蕴的巨大力量。

His complexion is not so white and clear as that of the other members of the Imperial family, for the Manchus have whiter skins than the Chinese; but this seems more the result of delicacy than natural with the Emperor.
他的肤色不如皇室其他成员白皙（因满族人皮肤较汉人更白）；但这似乎更多源于体弱而非天生如此。

His luxuriant, very long hair, a characteristic of the Manchus, is beautifully silky and glossy and always arranged with the greatest care.
他那浓密、极长的头发——这是满族人的特征——如丝般光滑亮泽，总是精心梳理。

It is said he much dislikes being shaved, but tradition, immutable in China, does not allow a man under forty, even if he be the “Son of Heaven," to wear a mustache or whiskers.
据说他极不喜欢剃须修面，但中国那不可更改的传统，不允许四十岁以下的男子（即便是“天子”）蓄须。

Like all well-bred Chinese, he has small feet and hands, the latter long and thin and most expressive.
如同所有教养良好的中国人一样，他手脚小巧，双手修长纤细且极富表现力。

The Emperor dresses with extreme neatness and great simplicity, wearing few ornaments and no jewels except on State occasions.
皇帝陛下衣着极为整洁朴素，除国事场合外，很少佩戴饰物或珠宝。

His face is kindly in expression, but the glance from his rather heavy-lidded eyes is shrewd and intelligent.
他面容和善，但那双略显厚重眼皮下的目光却透着精明与睿智。

Over his whole face there is a look of self-repression, which has almost reached a state of passivity.
他整个面庞都笼罩着一种自我克制的神情，这几乎已达到一种消极被动的状态。

But the look of eternal patience in the half-veiled regard of those large eyes seems to show that he will yet try to accomplish China's salvation—that he is but waiting his opportunity.
然而，那双半掩在大眼睛下的目光中流露出的恒久耐心，似乎表明他仍将尝试完成拯救中国的大业——他只是在等待时机。

——1907年The Century Co.《With The Empress Dowager of China》

显而易见，英文原版对于光绪容貌的描绘更加细致，特别是很多神情描写都是从容貌描写中引发出来的。据此概括光绪长相，主要有如下特征：

1.五官：头形好；面容清癯，无须，下颌瘦削，下巴超出前额线；眼睛大，棕色，眼睑微垂，眼皮略显厚重；鼻梁高挺；嘴略大，嘴唇较薄，上唇短、有曲线，下唇微凸；头发浓密、长，色泽光亮，梳理精细。

2.四肢：手脚小巧；双手修长纤细。

3.穿着：整洁朴素，除典礼外，很少佩戴珠宝。

4.神情：面容和善，而又显得自我克制；目光精明睿智，流露雄心壮志。