摘要：本文件规定了风力发电场(以下简称“风电场”)后评价及改造等相关技术内容，包括进行后评价的 评估要求、风电场设计后评价、风电场运行后评价以及可进行发电量优化及可靠性提升的风电场改造技术要求及评价。

GB/T 44681-2024 英文版/翻译版 风能发电系统 风力发电场后评价及改造技术规范

风能发电系统风力发电场后评价及 改造技术规范

1 范围

本文件规定了风力发电场(以下简称“风电场”)后评价及改造等相关技术内容，包括进行后评价的 评估要求、风电场设计后评价、风电场运行后评价以及可进行发电量优化及可靠性提升的风电场改造技术要求及评价。

本文件适用于已投产并产生运行数据的陆上风电场后评价及针对发电量优化及可靠性提升的技术改造设计评价，海上风电场参照执行。

2 规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。

GB/T 5226.1 机械电气安全机械电气设备第1部分：通用技术条件
GB/T 15969.1 可编程序控制器第1部分：通用信息
GB/T 15969.2 可编程序控制器第2部分：设备要求和测试
GB/T 18451.1 风力发电机组设计要求
GB/T 18451.2-2021 风力发电机组功率特性测试
GB/T 19963.1 风电场接入电力系统技术规定第1部分：陆上风电
GB/T 33225 风力发电机组基于机舱风速计法的功率特性测试
GB/T 37523-2019 风电场气象观测资料审核、插补与订正技术规范
DL/T 1870 电力系统网源协调技术规范
NB/T 10103—2018 风电场工程微观选址技术规范
NB/T 10205 风电功率预测技术规定
NB/T 10590 多雷区风电场集电线路防雷改造技术规范
NB/T 10909 微观选址中风能资源分析及发电量计算方法
NB/T 31046 风电功率预测系统功能规范
NB/T 31078 风电场并网性能评价方法
NB/T 31085 风电场项目经济评价规范
IEC 61400-26-1 风能发电系统第26-1部分：风能发电系统的可用性(Wind energy generation systems—Part 26-1:Availability for wind energy generation systems)

3 术语和定义

下列术语和定义适用于本文件。

3.1
再分析气象数据 reanalysis of meteorological data
利用长期一致性气象观测资料，采用资料同化和大气数值模式系统，生成长期、连续、具有更高时空 分辨率的描述大气状态的数据。

3.2
机舱风速 nacellewind speed
在风力发电机组机舱顶或风电机组前方测量的水平风速。

3.3
机舱传递函数 nacelle transfer function
机组机舱风速与能够代表该机组轮毂高度处测风塔风速计测量的风速之间的函数关系，用于将机 舱风速校正为远前方自由来流风速。

3.4
功率曲线符合度 power curve conformance
单台风力发电机组所有风速区间内每个风速区间下的实际功率与实测风频(或指定风频)乘积累计 值与所有风速区间内每个风速区间下的理论功率(或担保功率)与实测风频(或指定风频)乘积累计值的 比值，也称功率曲线保证值。

注1:对于多台机组，是多个机组功率曲线保证值的算术平均值。

注2:功率曲线符合度一般也称功率曲线符合性，功率曲线保证值一般合同里也称功率曲线考核值。

3.5
实际发电量 actual energy production
风力发电机组与电力汇集系统连接点处所测量的电能。

注：根据风力发电机组设计，连接点可位于低电压侧或中、高电压侧。对于IEC 61400-26-1,定义为风电场实际出力 (actual service delivery),即风电场连接点的实际测量值。

3.6
潜在发电量 potential energy production
根据风力发电机组设计准则、技术规范及场址条件计算的电能。

注：对于IEC 61400-26-1,定义为潜在出力(potential service delivery),即物理潜在出力或受限潜在出力的计算值。

3.7
损失发电量 lost production
风力发电机组应发但未能发出的电能。

注：损失发电量等于潜在发电量与实际发电量差值。对于EC 61400-26-1,定义为服务损失(lost service),即未提供 的服务。

3.8
设计理论发电量 design theoretical energy production
在风电场设计阶段，以机组合同功率曲线、实测地形图、前期测风数据作为输入，经风资源评估并考虑各种折减、损失后得出的年理论发电量。

3.9
自动发电控制 automatic generation control; AGC
通过自动控制程序，实现对控制区内各发电机组、风电场和光伏发电站有功出力的自动重新调节分配，来维持系统频率、联络线交换功率在计划目标范围内的控制过程。

3.10
平准化度电成本 levelized cost of energy
风电场发电系统在评价周期内发生的所有成本与全部可上网电量的折现比值。

注：单位为元每千瓦时。

3.11
数据采集与监控系统 supervisory control and data acquisition; SCADA
基于处理单元的系统，用于从智能电子设备(IED) 处接收信息、决定控制要求以及发送命令到智能 电子设备(IED)。

注：例如，调度人员使用的用来监控服务器或控制区域内电力分布的计算机系统。本文件中特指风电场内所有风 电机组及其附属设备的集中集控系统。

3.12
基准评估期 baseline evaluation period
风电机组改造前用于基准比对的时间段。

3.13
优化评估期 optimized evaluation period
风电机组改造完成稳定运行后用于评估的时间段。

3.14
实验机组 test turbines
在优化评估期内进行技术升级的风电机组。

3.15
参考机组 reference turbines
在优化评估期内未进行技术升级，用于评估实验机组优化提升效果的风电机组。

4 缩略语

下列缩略语适用于本文件。

IRR: 内部收益率(Internal Rate of Return)

LCOE: 平准化度电成本(Levelized Cost of Energy)

NPV: 净现值(Net Present Value)

PBA: 发电量可利用率(Production-based Availability)

PPD: 功率特性偏离(Power Performance Deviation)

TBA: 时间可利用率(Time-based Availability)

VG: 涡流发生器(Vortex Generator)

Wind energy generation systems - Technical specifications for post-evaluation and retrofitting of wind farms

1 Scope

This document specifies the technical requirements related to the post-evaluation and retrofitting of wind farms (hereinafter referred to as “wind farms”), including the requirements for conducting post-evaluation, post-design evaluation of wind farms, post-operation evaluation of wind farms, as well as the technical requirements and evaluation for wind farm retrofitting aimed at optimizing energy production and improving reliability.

This document is applicable to the post-evaluation of onshore wind farms that have been put into operation and have generated operational data, as well as to the design evaluations for technical retrofitting aimed at optimizing energy production and improving reliability of these wind farms. It may serve as a reference for offshore wind farms.

2 Normative references

The following documents contain requirements which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

GB/T 5226.1 Electrical safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
GB/T 15969.1 Programmable controllers - Part 1: General information
GB/T 15969.2 Programmable controllers - Part 2: Equipment requirements and tests
GB/T 18451.1 Wind energy generation systems - Design requirements
GB/T 18451.2-2021 Wind turbines - Power performance measurements of electricity producing
GB/T 19963.1 Technical specification for connecting wind farm to power system - Part 1: On shore wind power
GB/T 33225 Electricity producing wind turbines - Power performance measurements based on nacelle anemometry
GB/T 37523-2019 Specification for data inspection and correction of wind power plant meteorological observation
DL/T 1870 Technical specification for power grid and source coordination
NB/T 10103-2018 Technical code for micro-siting of wind power projects
NB/T 10205 Technical rules for wind power forecasting
NB/T 10590 Technical specification of lightning protection improvement for power grid in wind farms located in multiple thunderstorm region
NB/T 10909 Wind energy resources analysis and output calculation methods for micrositing
NB/T 31046 Function specification of wind power forecasting system
NB/T 31078 Evaluation method for grid code compliance of wind farms
NB/T 31085 Code for economic evaluation of wind farm
IEC 61400-26-1 Wind energy generation systems - Part 26-1: Availability for wind energy generation systems

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
reanalysis of meteorological data
use of long-term consistent meteorological observation data, applying data assimilation and atmospheric numerical model systems to generate long-term, continuous data with higher spatial and temporal resolution to describe atmospheric conditions

[Source: GB/T 37523-2019, 3.2, modified]

3.2
nacelle wind speed
horizontal wind speed measured on top of the nacelle of a wind turbine or in front of a wind turbine

[Source: GB/T 33225-2016, 3.21]

3.3
nacelle transfer function
functional relationship between nacelle wind speed and the wind speed measured by the anemometer of anemometer tower at the hub height of the turbine, used to correct the nacelle wind speed to the far upstream free-stream wind speed

3.4
power curve conformance
ratio of the cumulative value of actual power for each wind speed interval multiplied by the measured wind frequency (or specified wind frequency) to the cumulative value of theoretical power (or guaranteed power) for each wind speed interval multiplied by the measured wind frequency (or specified wind frequency) across all wind speed intervals of a single wind turbine, also known as the power curve guarantee value

Note 1: For multiple turbines, it is the arithmetic average of the power curve guarantee values for the turbines.

Note 2: Power curve conformance is generally also referred to as power curve compliance, and power curve guarantee value is commonly referred to as power curve assessment value in contracts.

3.5
actual energy production
energy measured at the point of connection of the wind turbine to the power collection system

Note: The connection point may be at low voltage level or at medium or high voltage level depending on the design of the wind turbine. For IEC 61400-26-1, it is defined as the actual service delivery, i.e., the actual measurement value at the connection point of the wind farm.

[Source: GB/Z 35483-2017, 3.1.2, modified]

3.6
potential energy production
calculated energy based on the wind turbine design criteria and technical specifications and the site conditions

Note: For IEC 61400-26-1, it is defined as potential service delivery), i.e., the calculated value of physical potential output or restricted potential output.

[Source: GB/Z 35483-2017, 3.1.3, modified]

3.7
lost production
energy that the wind turbine should have generated but failed to generated

Note: The lost production is the difference between potential energy production and actual energy production. For IEC 61400-26-1, it is defined as lost service, i.e., unprovided service.

[Source: GB/Z 35483-2017, 3.1.4, modified]

3.8
design theoretical energy production
annual theoretical energy production determined during the wind farm design stage, using the turbine's contract power curve, measured topographical maps, and preliminary wind measurement data as inputs, with wind resource assessment and consideration of various reductions and losses

3.9
automatic generation control; AGC
control process that automatically adjusts the active power output of each generator, wind farm, and photovoltaic station within a control area, using an automatic control program to maintain system frequency and the power exchange of the interconnection lines within planned target ranges

[Source: DL/T 1870-2018, 3.4]

3.10
levelized cost of energy
discounted ratio of all costs incurred by the wind farm power generation system during the evaluation period to the total amount of energy available for grid connection

Note: It is expressed in CNY per kilowatt-hour kilowatt-hour (kWh).

3.11
supervisory control and data acquisition; SCADA
system based on a processor unit which receives information from intelligent electric device (IED), determines the control requirements and sends commands to the IED

Note: A computer system that for example dispatchers use to monitor the power distribution throughout a service or control area. For the purpose of this document, it specifically refers to the centralized control system for all wind turbines and their ancillary equipment within the wind farm.

[Source: GB/T 30966.1-2022, 3.32]

3.12
baseline evaluation period
time period used for baseline comparison before wind turbine retrofitting

3.13
optimized evaluation period
time period used for evaluation after wind turbine retrofitting and stable operation

3.14
test turbines
wind turbines undergoing technological upgrades during the optimized evaluation period

3.15
reference turbines
wind turbines that have not undergone technological upgrades during the optimized evaluation period and are used to evaluate the improvement effects of the test turbines

4 Abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.

IRR: Internal Rate of Return

LCOE: Levelized Cost of Energy

NPV: Net Present Value

PBA: Production-based Availability

PPD: Power Performance Deviation

TBA: Time-based Availability

VG: Vortex Generator

来源：微言教育资讯