摘要：Learning over a thousand mountains：Selection, development and design strategy of products or services，

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“学越千山：产品或服务的选择、开发与设计策略”

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Learning over a thousand mountains：Selection, development and design strategy of products or services，

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思维导图

Mind mapping

产品或服务的选择

Selection of products or services

市场需求不确定性

Uncertainty of market demand

市场需求的不确定性是选择产品或服务时需要首要考虑的因素。企业需通过市场调研、数据分析等手段，尽量准确地预测市场需求的变化趋势。在市场需求不确定时，企业可能需要采取灵活的生产策略，如小批量多品种生产，以应对市场波动。

Uncertainty in market demand is the primary factor to be considered when selecting products or services. Enterprises need to predict the changing trend of market demand as accurately as possible through market research, data analysis and other means. When market demand is uncertain, companies may need to adopt flexible production strategies, such as producing in small batches with multiple varieties, to cope with market fluctuations.

外部需求和内部能力

External demand and internal capacity

外部需求主要指消费者或市场的需求，而内部能力则涉及企业的技术、资金、人力资源等。企业需平衡外部需求和内部能力，确保所选产品或服务既能满足市场需求，又能在企业内部得到有效支持。当外部需求与内部能力不匹配时，企业可能需要通过技术引进、人才培养等方式提升内部能力。

External demand mainly refers to the demand of consumers or markets, while internal capabilities involve the technology, capital, human resources, and other aspects of the enterprise. Enterprises need to balance external demand and internal capabilities to ensure that the selected products or services can meet market demand and be effectively supported within the enterprise. When external demand does not match internal capabilities, companies may need to enhance their internal capabilities through technology introduction, talent cultivation, and other methods.

原材料和外购件的供应

Supply of raw materials and purchased parts

原材料和外购件的供应稳定性直接影响产品的生产成本和质量。企业需评估供应商的可靠性、交货周期和价格等因素，以确保所选产品或服务的原材料供应稳定可靠。在供应不稳定时，企业可能需要建立多元化供应商体系，以降低供应链风险。

The stability of the supply of raw materials and purchased parts directly affects the production cost and quality of the product. Enterprises need to evaluate factors such as supplier reliability, delivery cycle, and price to ensure the stability and reliability of the raw material supply for the selected products or services. When supply is unstable, companies may need to establish a diversified supplier system to reduce supply chain risks.

企业内部各部门工作目标的协调

Coordination of work objectives among various departments within the enterprise

企业内部各部门的工作目标需协调一致，以确保所选产品或服务能够得到有效的推广和销售。企业需建立跨部门协作机制，明确各部门职责和协作流程，以提高内部工作效率和产品质量。

The work objectives of various departments within the enterprise need to be coordinated to ensure that the selected products or services can be effectively promoted and sold. Enterprises need to establish a cross-departmental collaboration mechanism, clarify the responsibilities and collaboration processes of each department, and improve internal work efficiency and product quality.

产品或服务的开发与设计策略

Development and design strategy of products or services

跟随者还是领导者

Follower or Leader

企业需根据自身实力和市场环境来决定是跟随市场领导者还是成为市场领导者。跟随者策略通常更稳健，但可能面临市场份额受限的问题；而领导者策略则可能带来更高的市场份额和利润，但也需要承担更大的市场风险。

Enterprises need to decide whether to follow the market leader or become a market leader based on their own strength and market environment. The follower strategy is usually more robust, but may face the problem of limited market share; The leader strategy may bring higher market share and profits, but it also requires greater market risk.

自己设计还是外包设计

Design by yourself or outsource design

企业需根据自身设计能力和成本效益来决定是自己设计还是外包设计。自己设计可以确保产品的独特性和创新性，但可能面临较高的研发成本和风险；而外包设计则可以降低成本和风险，但可能失去对产品设计的控制权。在决定外包设计时，企业需严格筛选合作伙伴，确保设计质量和知识产权安全。

Enterprises need to decide whether to design or outsource design based on their own design capabilities and cost-effectiveness. Designing by oneself can ensure the uniqueness and innovation of the product, but may face higher research and development costs and risks; Outsourcing design can reduce costs and risks, but it may lose control over product design. When deciding to outsource design, companies need to strictly screen partners to ensure design quality and intellectual property security.

购买技术或专利

Purchase of technology or patents

企业可以通过购买技术或专利来加速产品开发进程，提高产品竞争力。在购买技术或专利时，企业需评估技术的可行性和专利的有效性，以确保购买的技术或专利能够为企业带来实际价值。同时，企业还需关注技术的持续更新和升级，以保持产品的竞争优势。

Enterprises can accelerate the product development process and improve product competitiveness by purchasing technology or patents. When purchasing technology or patents, companies need to evaluate the feasibility of the technology and the effectiveness of the patent to ensure that the purchased technology or patent can bring real value to the company. At the same time, enterprises also need to pay attention to the continuous updating and upgrading of technology to maintain the competitive advantage of products.

基础研究还是应用研究

Basic research or applied research

基础研究旨在探索新的科学原理和技术方法，而应用研究则更注重将现有技术应用于实际问题中。企业需根据自身战略目标和市场需求来决定是进行基础研究还是应用研究。基础研究可能带来长期的技术突破和创新，但研发周期较长；而应用研究则更注重短期效益和实用性。

Basic research aims to explore new scientific principles and technological methods, while applied research focuses more on applying existing technologies to practical problems. Enterprises need to decide whether to conduct basic research or applied research based on their own strategic goals and market needs. Basic research may bring long-term technological breakthroughs and innovations, but the research and development cycle is relatively long; Applied research focuses more on short-term benefits and practicality.

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《生产运作管理》ISBN：9787111703570

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来源：国豪教育