摘要：泛型的概念：泛型是Java语言中的一种特性，它允许在定义类、接口和方法时指定类型参数。通过使用泛型，可以在编译时期对类型进行检查，从而提高代码的可读性和安全性。

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小高分享（64）Java中的泛型与集合框架

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Xiao Gao shares (64) Generics and Collections frameworks in Java

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一、泛型

First, generics

泛型的概念：泛型是Java语言中的一种特性，它允许在定义类、接口和方法时指定类型参数。通过使用泛型，可以在编译时期对类型进行检查，从而提高代码的可读性和安全性。

Generics: Generics are a feature in the Java language that allows you to specify type parameters when defining classes, interfaces, and methods. By using generics, types can be checked at compile time, improving the readability and security of your code.

泛型的优点：泛型可以消除强制类型转换，减少运行时错误；提高代码复用性，同一泛型类可以用于不同的数据类型；增强代码的可读性，使类型参数一目了然。

Advantages of generics: Generics can eliminate casts and reduce runtime errors; Improve code reuse, the same generic class can be used for different data types; Improve the readability of code so that type parameters are clear at a glance.

泛型类型：Java中的泛型类型包括泛型类、泛型接口和泛型方法。常见的泛型类型有：T（Type）、E（Element）、K（Key）、V（Value）等。

Generic types: Generic types in Java include generic classes, generic interfaces, and generic methods. Common generic types are: T (Type), E (Element), K (Key), V (Value), and so on.

二、集合框架

Second, collection framework

集合框架概述：Java集合框架是一组接口和类的集合，用于表示和操作对象集合。它提供了大量数据结构，如链表、堆栈、队列等，方便开发者进行数据存储和处理。

Collection Framework Overview: The Java Collection Framework is a collection of interfaces and classes used to represent and manipulate collections of objects. It provides a large number of data structures, such as linked lists, stacks, queues, etc., to facilitate data storage and processing by developers.

1. 链表（List）

1. Linked List

（1）特点：链表是一种有序的集合，可以存储重复元素。它允许随机访问元素，插入和删除操作效率较高。

(1) Features: A linked list is an ordered set that can store repeated elements. It allows random access to elements, making insertion and deletion more efficient.

（2）实现类：ArrayList和LinkedList是链表的两个主要实现类。ArrayList底层采用数组实现，适用于查找操作频繁的场景；LinkedList底层采用双向链表实现，适用于插入和删除操作频繁的场景。

(2) Implementation classes: ArrayList and LinkedList are the two main implementation classes of linked lists. ArrayList uses arrays at the bottom and is suitable for scenarios where search operations are frequent. The underlying layer of LinkedList uses a bidirectional linked list, which is suitable for scenarios where insert and delete operations are frequent.

2. 堆栈（Stack）

2. Stack

（1）特点：堆栈是一种后进先出（LIFO）的数据结构，主要用于存储和访问数据。

(1) Features: Stack is a last in first out (LIFO) data structure, mainly used to store and access data.

（2）实现类：Java中的堆栈可以通过继承Vector类实现，也可以使用Deque接口及其实现类ArrayDeque。

(2) Implementation class: The stack in Java can be implemented by inheriting the Vector class, or by using the Deque interface and its implementation class ArrayDeque.

3. 队列（Queue）

3. Queue

（1）特点：队列是一种先进先出（FIFO）的数据结构，用于存储和访问数据。

(1) Features: Queue is a first-in-first-out (FIFO) data structure used to store and access data.

（2）实现类：Java中的队列可以通过实现Queue接口及其实现类LinkedList、PriorityQueue等来实现。

(2) Implementation class: Queues in Java can be implemented by implementing the Queue interface and its implementation classes LinkedList, PriorityQueue, etc.

三、泛型在集合框架中的应用

Third, the application of generics in the collection framework

泛型集合：Java集合框架中的大部分接口和类都采用了泛型，如List、Set、Map等。使用泛型集合可以确保集合中的元素类型一致，避免类型转换错误。

Generic collections: Most interfaces and classes in the Java collection framework use generics, such as List, Set, Map, and so on. Using generic collections ensures that the elements in the collection are of the same type and avoids type conversion errors.

泛型方法：在集合框架中，许多方法也采用了泛型，如Collections.sort(List list)等。这些方法可以针对不同类型的集合进行操作，提高代码的灵活性。

Generic methods: In the collection framework, generics are also used in many methods, such as Collections.sort(List list). These methods can operate on different types of collections, increasing the flexibility of your code.

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来源：小丁科技讲堂