摘要：就近原则：There be 句型中，be 动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的名词的单复数。如果最近的名词是单数或不可数名词，用 is/was；如果是复数名词，则用 are/were。

以下是对这些句型或短语的就近原则详解及双语例句：

There be 句型

- 就近原则：There be 句型中，be 动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的名词的单复数。如果最近的名词是单数或不可数名词，用 is/was；如果是复数名词，则用 are/were。

- 例句：

- There is a book and two pens on the desk.（桌子上有一本书和两支笔。）

- There are two pens and a book on the desk.（桌子上有两支笔和一本书。）

- There was a dog and some cats in the yard.（院子里曾有一只狗和一些猫。）

- There were some cats and a dog in the yard.（院子里曾有一些猫和一只狗。）

- There is some water and three bottles in the fridge.（冰箱里有一些水和三个瓶子。）

- There are three bottles and some water in the fridge.（冰箱里有三个瓶子和一些水。）

- There is a teacher and many students in the classroom.（教室里有一位老师和许多学生。）

- There are many students and a teacher in the classroom.（教室里有许多学生和一位老师。）

- There was a car and several bicycles on the road.（路上曾有一辆汽车和几辆自行车。）

- There were several bicycles and a car on the road.（路上曾有几辆自行车和一辆汽车。）

- There is an apple and a bunch of grapes on the plate.（盘子里有一个苹果和一串葡萄。）

- There are a bunch of grapes and an apple on the plate.（盘子里有一串葡萄和一个苹果。）

- There was a problem and many solutions to consider.（有一个问题和许多需要考虑的解决方案。）

- There were many solutions and a problem to consider.（有许多解决方案和一个问题需要考虑。）

- There is a new building and several old ones in the area.（这个地区有一座新建筑和几座旧建筑。）

- There are several old ones and a new building in the area.（这个地区有几座旧建筑和一座新建筑。）

- There was a single bed and two double beds in the room.（房间里有一张单人床和两张双人床。）

- There were two double beds and a single bed in the room.（房间里有两张双人床和一张单人床。）

- There is a bird and a few butterflies in the garden.（花园里有一只鸟和几只蝴蝶。）

- There are a few butterflies and a bird in the garden.（花园里有几只蝴蝶和一只鸟。）

neither …nor…

- 就近原则：连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式与离它最近的主语保持一致。

- 例句：

- Neither you nor I am wrong.（你和我都没错。）

- Neither I nor you are wrong.（我和你都没错。）

- Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer.（老师和学生都不知道答案。）

- Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.（学生们和老师都不知道答案。）

- Neither Tom nor his sisters like this movie.（汤姆和他的姐妹们都不喜欢这部电影。）

- Neither his sisters nor Tom likes this movie.（他的姐妹们和汤姆都不喜欢这部电影。）

- Neither the cat nor the dogs are allowed here.（猫和狗在这里都不被允许。）

- Neither the dogs nor the cat is allowed here.（狗和猫在这里都不被允许。）

- Neither John nor Mary has a car.（约翰和玛丽都没有车。）

- Neither Mary nor John has a car.（玛丽和约翰都没有车。）

- Neither the book nor the magazines interest me.（这本书和这些杂志都引不起我的兴趣。）

- Neither the magazines nor the book interests me.（这些杂志和这本书都引不起我的兴趣。）

- Neither the boss nor the employees are satisfied.（老板和员工都不满意。）

- Neither the employees nor the boss is satisfied.（员工们和老板都不满意。）

- Neither the red shirt nor the blue ones fit me.（这件红衬衫和那些蓝衬衫都不适合我。）

- Neither the blue ones nor the red shirt fits me.（那些蓝衬衫和这件红衬衫都不适合我。）

- Neither the father nor the son is good at cooking.（父亲和儿子都不擅长做饭。）

- Neither the son nor the father is good at cooking.（儿子和父亲都不擅长做饭。）

- Neither the old house nor the new ones are for sale.（这座老房子和那些新房子都不出售。）

- Neither the new ones nor the old house is for sale.（那些新房子和这座老房子都不出售。）

either …or…

- 就近原则：连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式依据离它最近的主语来确定。

- 例句：

- Either you or he is going to the meeting.（要么你要么他去参加会议。）

- Either he or you are going to the meeting.（要么他要么你去参加会议。）

- Either the boys or the girl knows the way.（要么男孩们要么那个女孩知道路。）

- Either the girl or the boys know the way.（要么那个女孩要么男孩们知道路。）

- Either my parents or my sister is at home.（要么我父母要么我姐姐在家。）

- Either my sister or my parents are at home.（要么我姐姐要么我父母在家。）

- Either the pen or the pencils are mine.（要么这支笔要么这些铅笔是我的。）

- Either the pencils or the pen is mine.（要么这些铅笔要么这支笔是我的。）

- Either the manager or the workers make the decision.（要么经理要么工人们做决定。）

- Either the workers or the manager makes the decision.（要么工人们要么经理做决定。）

- Either the apples or the orange tastes good.（要么这些苹果要么那个橙子味道好。）

- Either the orange or the apples taste good.（要么那个橙子要么这些苹果味道好。）

- Either the car or the motorcycles are parked outside.（要么汽车要么摩托车停在外面。）

- Either the motorcycles or the car is parked outside.（要么摩托车要么汽车停在外面。）

- Either David or his friends have the key.（要么大卫要么他的朋友们有钥匙。）

- Either his friends or David has the key.（要么他的朋友们要么大卫有钥匙。）

- Either the computer or the printers are broken.（要么电脑要么打印机坏了。）

- Either the printers or the computer is broken.（要么打印机要么电脑坏了。）

- Either the flowers or the vase is on the table.（要么花要么花瓶在桌子上。）

- Either the vase or the flowers are on the table.（要么花瓶要么花在桌子上。）

not only…but also…

- 就近原则：当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与 but also 后的主语保持一致。

- 例句：

- Not only you but also he likes football.（不仅你而且他也喜欢足球。）

- Not only he but also you like football.（不仅他而且你也喜欢足球。）

- Not only the students but also the teacher is excited.（不仅学生们而且老师也很兴奋。）

- Not only the teacher but also the students are excited.（不仅老师而且学生们也很兴奋。）

- Not only the book but also the magazines are interesting.（不仅这本书而且这些杂志也很有趣。）

- Not only the magazines but also the book is interesting.（不仅这些杂志而且这本书也很有趣。）

- Not only the dog but also the cats are cute.（不仅这只狗而且这些猫也很可爱。）

- Not only the cats but also the dog is cute.（不仅这些猫而且这只狗也很可爱。）

- Not only my father but also my mother cooks well.（不仅我父亲而且我母亲做饭也很好。）

- Not only my mother but also my father cooks well.（不仅我母亲而且我父亲做饭也很好。）

- Not only the house but also the garden is beautiful.（不仅房子而且花园也很漂亮。）

- Not only the garden but also the house is beautiful.（不仅花园而且房子也很漂亮。）

- Not only the actors but also the director is talented.（不仅演员们而且导演也很有才华。）

- Not only the director but also the actors are talented.（不仅导演而且演员们也很有才华。）

- Not only the bike but also the cars are new.（不仅自行车而且汽车也是新的。）

- Not only the cars but also the bike is new.（不仅汽车而且自行车也是新的。）

- Not only the singer but also the musicians are popular.（不仅歌手而且音乐家们也很受欢迎。）

- Not only the musicians but also the singer is popular.（不仅音乐家们而且歌手也很受欢迎。）

- Not only the tree but also the flowers are in bloom.（不仅树而且花也在盛开。）

- Not only the flowers but also the tree is in bloom.（不仅花而且树也在盛开。）

not …but

- 就近原则：此结构重点在“but”后的内容，谓语动词的形式通常与 but 后的名词或代词保持一致，但这种就近原则的体现相对较弱，更多是语义上的侧重。

- 例句：

- It is not you but he who is to blame.（不是你而是他该受责备。）

- It is not he but you who are to blame.（不是他而是你该受责备。）

- The winner is not the first runner but the second one.（获胜者不是第一名而是第二名。）

- The winner is not the second runner but the first one.（获胜者不是第二名而是第一名。）

- It's not the big things but the little ones that matter.（重要的不是大事而是小事。）

- It's not the little things but the big ones that matter.（重要的不是小事而是大事。）

- It is not the book but the ideas that are valuable.（有价值的不是这本书而是其中的思想。）

- It is not the ideas but the book that is valuable.（有价值的不是这些思想而是这本书。）

- It's not the teacher but the students who make the class lively.（使课堂活跃的不是老师而是学生们。）

- It's not the students but the teacher who makes the class lively.（使课堂活跃的不是学生们而是老师。）

- It is not the money but the experience that counts.（重要的不是金钱而是经验。）

- It is not the experience but the money that counts.（重要的不是经验而是金钱。）

- It's not the city but the countryside that attracts me.（吸引我的不是城市而是乡村。）

- It's not the countryside but the city that attracts me.（吸引我的不是乡村而是城市。）

- It is not the old method but the new one that works better.（效果更好的不是旧方法而是新方法。）

- It is not the new method but the old one that works better.（效果更好的不是新方法而是旧方法。）

- It's not the product but the service that satisfies customers.（让顾客满意的不是产品而是服务。）

- It's not the service but the product that satisfies customers.（让顾客满意的不是服务而是产品。）

- It is not the stars but the moon that is shining brightly.（明亮地闪耀着的不是星星而是月亮。）

- It is not the moon but the stars that are shining brightly.（明亮地闪耀着的不是月亮而是星星。）

whether…or …

- 就近原则：连接并列主语时，谓语动词与离它最近的主语保持一致，但这种用法相对较少见，更多用于引导宾语从句、主语从句等。

- 例句：

- Whether the teacher or the students are responsible is not clear.（是老师还是学生们有责任还不清楚。）

- Whether the students or the teacher is responsible is not clear.（是学生们还是老师有责任还不清楚。）

- Whether the book or the magazines are more useful is a matter of debate.（这本书还是这些杂志更有用是一个有争议的问题。）

- Whether the magazines or the book is more useful is a matter of debate.（这些杂志还是这本书更有用是一个有争议的问题。）

- Whether the car or the motorcycles are going to be sold is undecided.（汽车还是摩托车将被出售还未决定。）

- Whether the motorcycles or the car is going to be sold is undecided.（摩托车还是汽车将被出售还未决定。）

- Whether the father or the son is going to the party is unknown.（父亲还是儿子去参加派对还不知道。）

- Whether the son or the father is going to the party is unknown.（儿子还是父亲去参加派对还不知道。）

- Whether the computer or the printers are causing the problem is hard to tell.（是电脑还是打印机导致问题很难说。）

- Whether the printers or the computer is causing the problem is hard to tell.（是打印机还是电脑导致问题很难说。）

- Whether the apples or the orange is fresher is hard to judge.（这些苹果还是那个橙子更新鲜很难判断。）

- Whether the orange or the apples are fresher is hard to judge.（那个橙子还是这些苹果更新鲜很难判断。）

- Whether the manager or the workers are to blame is still under investigation.（是经理还是工人们该受责备仍在调查中。）

- Whether the workers or the manager is to blame is still under investigation.（是工人们还是经理该受责备仍在调查中。）

- Whether the dog or the cats are making the noise is a mystery.（是狗还是这些猫在制造噪音是个谜。）

- Whether the cats or the dog is making the noise is a mystery.（是这些猫还是狗在制造噪音是个谜。）

- Whether the house or the garden needs more attention is a question.（房子还是花园需要更多关注是个问题。）

- Whether the garden or the house needs more attention is a question.（花园还是房子需要更多关注是个问题。）

- Whether the singer or the musicians are the highlight of the show is subjective.（歌手还是音乐家们是演出的亮点是主观的。）

- Whether the musicians or the singer is the highlight of the show is subjective.（音乐家们还是歌手是演出的亮点是主观的。）

来源：蒙古元素