摘要：英语时态是不是像一团乱麻，怎么理都理不清？很多同学学了多年英语，还是搞不懂 “现在、过去、将来” 的时态变化。今天，咱们就把英语 8 大时态拆开来、揉碎了讲，从结构到标志词，再到实用例句，让你一次性搞明白，从此和时态难题说拜拜！
英语时态是不是像一团乱麻，怎么理都理不清？很多同学学了多年英语，还是搞不懂 “现在、过去、将来” 的时态变化。今天，咱们就把英语 8 大时态拆开来、揉碎了讲，从结构到标志词，再到实用例句，让你一次性搞明白，从此和时态难题说拜拜！
一、一般现在时
结构：be 动词（am/is/are）；实义动词原形（主语非第三人称单数时）；实义动词三单形式（主语是第三人称单数时）用法：表示经常性、习惯性的动作；客观事实、真理；现在的状态。标志词：always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（经常）、sometimes（有时）、never（从不）、every day（每天）、once a week（每周一次）......例句：Lisa is a doctor. 莉萨是一名医生。We play basketball after school. 我们放学后打篮球。He reads books every night. 他每晚都读书。二、一般过去时
结构：be 动词（was/were）；实义动词过去式用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作。标志词：ago（以前）、yesterday（昨天）、just now（刚才）、last night（昨晚）、last year（去年）、the day before yesterday（前天）.......例句：Tom was a student when he was 10. 汤姆 10 岁时是一名学生。They went to the park yesterday. 他们昨天去了公园。She watched TV last night. 她昨晚看了电视。三、一般将来时
结构：will + 动词原形；be (am/is/are) going to + 动词原形用法：表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态；对未来的计划、打算。标志词：tomorrow（明天）、the day after tomorrow（后天）、next week（下周）、soon（很快）、in + 一段时间（多久之后）......例句：I will visit my grandma tomorrow. 我明天要去看望我奶奶。She is going to learn French next term. 她下学期打算学法语。They will have a party this weekend. 他们这周末将举办一场派对。四、现在进行时
结构：be (am/is/are)+ 动词现在分词用法：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作；现阶段正在进行的动作。标志词：now（现在）、look（看）、listen（听）、at this moment（此时）、at present（现在）......例句：Listen! She is singing in the room. 听！她正在房间里唱歌。We are having a class now. 我们现在正在上课。He is reading a newspaper at present. 他现在正在看报纸。五、现在完成时
结构：have/has + 动词过去分词用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：already（已经）、yet（还）、just（刚才）、ever（曾经）、before（以前）、for + 一段时间、since + 过去某一时间......例句：I have finished my homework already. 我已经完成作业了。Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？They have lived here for five years. 他们已经在这里住了五年了。六、过去进行时
结构：be (was/were)+ 动词现在分词用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。标志词：at that time（在那时）、at that moment（在那时）、at 8 o'clock yesterday evening（昨晚八点）.......例句：At that time, we were having a meeting. 在那时，我们正在开会。She was watching TV when I called her. 我给她打电话时，她正在看电视。They were playing football from 3 to 5 yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午 3 点到 5 点他们正在踢足球。七、过去完成时
结构：had + 动词过去分词用法：表示在过去某一动作或时间之前已经发生或完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”。标志词：by + 过去时间点、by the end of last week（到上周末为止）、before + 过去时间点.......例句：By last month, we had learned 1000 words. 到上个月为止，我们已经学了 1000 个单词了。He had left before I arrived. 我到达之前他已经离开了。They had finished the project by the end of last year. 到去年年底为止，他们已经完成了这个项目。八、过去将来时
结构：would + 动词原形；be (was/were) going to + 动词原形用法：表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词：the next day（第二天）、the following week（第二周）、said（说）、told（告诉）等（常用于宾语从句中）......例句：He said he would go to Shanghai the next day. 他说他第二天要去上海。She was going to start a new job last month. 她上个月打算开始一份新工作。They told us they would visit us soon. 他们告诉我们他们很快会来看我们。练习题
1. I ______ (play) basketball every afternoon.
2. She ______ (be) a teacher three years ago.
3. We ______ (visit) the museum tomorrow.
4. Look! They ______ (run) on the playground.
5. He ______ (finish) his homework already.
6. At 9 o'clock last night, I ______ (watch) TV.
7. By the time she arrived, we ______ (leave).
8. He said he ______ (come) the next day.
9. They often ______ (go) to the cinema on weekends.
10. I ______ (see) him yesterday.
11. She ______ (go) to Beijing tomorrow morning.
12. Listen! Someone ______ (knock) at the door.
13. We ______ (live) here for ten years.
14. What ______ you ______ (do) at this time yesterday?
15. The movie ______ (begin) when we got to the cinema.
16. They told us they ______ (start) the project soon.
17. He ______ (read) a book now.
18. They ______ (be) in Shanghai last year.
19. I ______ (will) visit my uncle next week.
20. She ______ (have) lunch at 12:00 every day.
21. We ______ (not go) to the park yesterday.
22. ______ he ______ (go) to school tomorrow?
23. They ______ (not play) football now.
24. ______ you ______ (finish) your work yet?
25. At that moment, she ______ (talk) on the phone.
26. By last month, they ______ (build) two bridges.
27. He said he ______ (not go) to the party.
28. My mother ______ (cook) dinner every day.
29. They ______ (be) here just now.
30. We ______ (go) to the beach the day after tomorrow.
31. Look! The cat ______ (climb) the tree.
32. I ______ (not see) her for a long time.
33. What ______ she ______ (do) when you called her?
34. He ______ (leave) before I got there.
35. She told me she ______ (visit) her friend the next day.
36. They ______ (usually go) to school by bike.
37. We ______ (have) a meeting yesterday afternoon.
38. ______ they ______ (go) to the concert next week?
39. The students ______ (listen) to the teacher carefully now.
40. I ______ (never be) to Paris before.
41. While I ______ (read), my sister ______ (play) the piano.
42. By the end of last year, we ______ (learn) 2000 words.
43. He said he ______ (will) help me.
44. She ______ (not like) coffee.
45. They ______ (arrive) here an hour ago.
46. We ______ (plant) trees tomorrow morning.
47. The baby ______ (sleep) now.
48. I ______ (work) in this company for five years.
49. When I got home, my parents ______ (watch) TV.
50. She said she ______ (go) to the USA soon.
答案和解析
1. play
解析：every afternoon 是一般现在时标志，主语 I 后用动词原形。
2. was
解析：three years ago 是一般过去时标志，主语 she 对应的 be 动词过去式是 was。
3. will visit / are going to visit
解析：tomorrow 是一般将来时标志，可用 will+动词原形或 be going to+动词原形，主语 we 对应的 be 动词是 are。
4. are running
解析：Look! 是现在进行时标志，结构为 be+现在分词，主语 they 对应的 be 动词是 are，run 的现在分词是 running。
5. has finished
解析：already 是现在完成时标志，结构为 have/has+过去分词，主语 he 用 has，finish 的过去分词是 finished。
6. was watching
解析：At 9 o'clock last night 是过去进行时标志，结构为 was/were+现在分词，主语 I 用 was，watch 的现在分词是 watching。
7. had left
解析：By the time she arrived 表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，结构为 had+过去分词，leave 的过去分词是 left。
8. would come
解析：the next day 是过去将来时标志，结构为 would+动词原形。
9. go
解析：often 是一般现在时标志，主语 they 后用动词原形。
10. saw
解析：yesterday 是一般过去时标志，see 的过去式是 saw。
11. will go / is going to go
解析：tomorrow morning 是一般将来时标志，主语 she 可用 will+动词原形或 is going to+动词原形。
12. is knocking
解析：Listen! 是现在进行时标志，结构为 be+现在分词，主语 someone 对应的 be 动词是 is，knock 的现在分词是 knocking。
13. have lived
解析：for ten years 是现在完成时标志，结构为 have/has+过去分词，主语 we 用 have，live 的过去分词是 lived。
14. were; doing
解析：at this time yesterday 是过去进行时标志，结构为 was/were+现在分词，主语 you 用 were。
15. had begun
解析：when we got to the cinema 表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，begin 的过去分词是 begun。
16. would start
解析：soon 在此处结合 told 表示过去将来时，结构为 would+动词原形。
17. is reading
解析：now 是现在进行时标志，结构为 be+现在分词，主语 he 对应的 be 动词是 is，read 的现在分词是 reading。
18. were
解析：last year 是一般过去时标志，主语 they 对应的 be 动词过去式是 were。
19. will
解析：next week 是一般将来时标志，will 后接动词原形 visit（题中省略 visit）。
20. has
解析：every day 是一般现在时标志，主语 she 是第三人称单数，have 用三单形式 has。
21. didn't go
解析：yesterday 是一般过去时标志，否定句用 didn't+动词原形。
22. Will; go
解析：tomorrow 是一般将来时标志，一般疑问句将 will 提前。
23. aren't playing
解析：now 是现在进行时标志，否定句在 be 动词后加 not，主语 they 对应的 be 动词是 are，缩写为 aren't。
24. Have; finished
解析：yet 是现在完成时标志，一般疑问句将 have 提前。
25. was talking
解析：At that moment 是过去进行时标志，结构为 was/were+现在分词，主语 she 用 was。
26. had built
解析：By last month 是过去完成时标志，结构为 had+过去分词，build 的过去分词是 built。
27. wouldn't go
解析：结合 said 表示过去将来时否定，would 后加 not，缩写为 wouldn't。
28. cooks
解析：every day 是一般现在时标志，主语 my mother 是第三人称单数，cook 用三单形式 cooks。
29. were
解析：just now 是一般过去时标志，主语 they 对应的 be 动词过去式是 were。
30. will go / are going to go
解析：the day after tomorrow 是一般将来时标志，主语 we 可用 will+动词原形或 are going to+动词原形。
31. is climbing
解析：Look! 是现在进行时标志，结构为 be+现在分词，主语 the cat 对应的 be 动词是 is，climb 的现在分词是 climbing。
32. haven't seen
解析：for a long time 是现在完成时标志，否定句在 have 后加 not，缩写为 haven't，see 的过去分词是 seen。
33. was; doing
解析：when you called her 是过去进行时标志，结构为 was/were+现在分词，主语 she 用 was。
34. had left
解析：before I got there 表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，leave 的过去分词是 left。
35. would visit
解析：the next day 结合 told 表示过去将来时，结构为 would+动词原形。
36. usually go
解析：usually 是一般现在时标志，主语 they 后用动词原形。
37. had
解析：yesterday afternoon 是一般过去时标志，have 的过去式是 had。
38. Will; go
解析：next week 是一般将来时标志，一般疑问句将 will 提前。
39. are listening
解析：now 是现在进行时标志，结构为 be+现在分词，主语 the students 对应的 be 动词是 are，listen 的现在分词是 listening。
40. have never been
解析：before 是现在完成时标志，结构为 have/has+过去分词，主语 I 用 have，be 的过去分词是 been。
41. was reading; was playing
解析：While 引导的时间状语从句，主句和从句都用过去进行时，结构为 was/were+现在分词，主语 I 和 my sister 都用 was。
42. had learned
解析：By the end of last year 是过去完成时标志，结构为 had+过去分词，learn 的过去分词是 learned。
43. would
解析：结合 said 表示过去将来时，will 变为 would。
44. doesn't like
解析：一般现在时否定句，主语 she 是第三人称单数，用 doesn't+动词原形。
45. arrived
解析：an hour ago 是一般过去时标志，arrive 的过去式是 arrived。
46. will plant / are going to plant
解析：tomorrow morning 是一般将来时标志，主语 we 可用 will+动词原形或 are going to+动词原形。
47. is sleeping
解析：now 是现在进行时标志，结构为 be+现在分词，主语 the baby 对应的 be 动词是 is，sleep 的现在分词是 sleeping。
48. have worked
解析：for five years 是现在完成时标志，结构为 have/has+过去分词，主语 I 用 have，work 的过去分词是 worked。
49. were watching
解析：When I got home 是过去进行时标志，结构为 was/were+现在分词，主语 my parents 用 were。
50. would go
解析：soon 结合 said 表示过去将来时，结构为 would+动词原形。
掌握了这 8 大时态的结构、用法和标志词，英语语法是不是清晰多了？赶紧收藏起来，遇到时态题就拿出来对照，相信你很快就能熟练运用啦！
来源：大禹小宝儿
