摘要：But when headdressedUS Navy sailors aboard the USS George Washington in Japan on Tuesday, Trump said he wasserious aboutsigning an
（外刊精读）《南华早报》—— “回到蒸汽弹射”：特朗普希望美国退出与中国的航母电磁弹射竞赛！
1.原文
“回到蒸汽”：特朗普希望美国退出与中国的电磁弹射竞赛
总统告诉海军士兵，电磁弹射系统价格昂贵、不可靠且难以维修，他计划签署行政命令放弃该技术。
）更简约、阅读体验更好！
（外刊精读）《南华早报》—— “回到蒸汽弹射”：特朗普希望美国退出与中国的航母电磁弹射竞赛！
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Soon after China put the electromagnetic catapults on its newest aircraft carrier to the test, US President Donald Trump has taken a swipe at the “stupid electric” technology – and called for a return to steam power.
The advanced catapult launch system was originally developed by the United States to boost the performance of its aircraft carriers.
But when he addressed US Navy sailors aboard the USS George Washington in Japan on Tuesday, Trump said he was serious about signing an executive order to abandon the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, or EMALS, which he called expensive, unreliable and difficult to repair.
1.1 翻译
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在中国测试其最新航空母舰上的电磁弹射器后不久，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普抨击了这种“愚蠢的电动”技术——并呼吁重返蒸汽动力。
这种先进的弹射起飞系统最初由美国开发，旨在提升其航空母舰的性能。
但在周二于日本“乔治·华盛顿”号航空母舰上向美国海军水兵发表讲话时，特朗普表示，他严肃考虑签署一项行政命令，放弃他称之为昂贵、不可靠且难以修复的电磁飞机弹射系统（EMALS）。
1.2 重点详解
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1. catapults
音标: /'kætəpʌlts/解释: 弹射器，特指航母上的飞机弹射装置。用法: 作为名词，指一种用于快速发射物体（如飞机）的装置。例句: The new aircraft carrier is equipped with advanced electromagnetic catapults. (这艘新航母装备了先进的电磁弹射器。)2. taken a swipe at
音标: /'teɪkən ə swaɪp æt/解释: 抨击；猛烈批评；试图打击。用法: 动词短语，意为进行言语上的攻击或批评。例句: The politician took a swipe at his rival's economic policies during the debate. (这位政治家在辩论中抨击了他对手的经济政策。)3. called for
音标: /kɔːld fɔːr/解释: 呼吁；要求；需要。用法: 动词短语，表示公开要求或强烈需要某事物。例句: Environmentalists have called for stricter regulations on industrial emissions. (环保人士呼吁对工业排放实施更严格的监管。)4. steam power
音标: /stiːm 'paʊər/解释: 蒸汽动力；蒸汽机。用法: 名词词组，指利用蒸汽产生的能量作为动力来源。例句: Before electricity, many factories relied on steam power to run their machinery. (在电力出现之前，许多工厂依靠蒸汽动力来运转他们的机器。)5. boost the performance of
音标: /buːst ðə pər'fɔːrməns ʌv/解释: 提升……的性能/表现。用法: 动词短语，意为提高某物（如机器、系统或人）的效率、能力或运作水平。例句: Regular maintenance can significantly boost the performance of your car. (定期维护可以显著提升你汽车的性能。)6. addressed
音标: /ə'drest/解释: 对……讲话；发表演说。用法: 动词，指正式地对一群人讲话或演说。例句: The CEO addressed the employees regarding the company's future strategy. (首席执行官就公司未来战略向员工发表了讲话。)7. serious about
音标: /'sɪriəs ə'baʊt/解释: 认真考虑；对……态度严肃。用法: 形容词词组，表示对某事抱有严肃的态度或认真打算。例句: Are you serious about moving to another country next year? (你明年搬到另一个国家是认真的吗？)8. order
音标: /'ɔːrdər/解释: 命令；法令；（尤指）行政命令。用法: 名词，指官方或权威人士发布的指示或规定，此处特指executive order（行政命令）。例句: The police received an order to clear the area immediately. (警方收到了立即清理该地区的命令。)9. abandon
音标: /ə'bændən/解释: 放弃；遗弃；中止。用法: 动词，意为永久性地放弃某物、某地或停止做某事。例句: Due to the high cost, they decided to abandon the construction project. (由于成本高昂，他们决定放弃这个建设项目。)10. unreliable
音标: /ˌʌnrɪ'laɪəbl/解释: 不可靠的；不能信赖的。用法: 形容词，指某人、某物或某系统经常失灵、不能按预期运行或不能被信任。例句: That old machine is quite unreliable and often breaks down. (那台旧机器相当不可靠，经常出故障。)原句: But when he addressed US Navy sailors aboard the USS George Washington in Japan on Tuesday, Trump said he was serious about signing an executive order to abandon the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, or EMALS, which he called expensive, unreliable and difficult to repair.
分析:
主句: Trump said he was serious about signing an executive order to abandon the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, or EMALS. (特朗普说他正认真考虑签署一项行政命令，以放弃电磁飞机弹射系统，即EMALS。)核心信息: 特朗普表示他将严肃考虑签署命令放弃EMALS。时间状语从句: when he addressed US Navy sailors aboard the USS George Washington in Japan on Tuesday (当他周二在日本“乔治·华盛顿”号航空母舰上向美国海军水兵发表讲话时)作用: 交代了特朗普发表此言论的时间和地点。非限制性定语从句: which he called expensive, unreliable and difficult to repair. (他称其为昂贵、不可靠且难以修复的（系统）。)作用: 修饰先行词 the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System, or EMALS，解释了特朗普为什么要放弃该系统的原因。其中，"he called expensive, unreliable and difficult to repair" 是一个复合宾语结构，省略了连接词as或to be，意为“他认为/称之为...”。句意总结: 这个句子通过一个时间状语从句引出主句，说明了特朗普严肃考虑签署行政命令放弃EMALS这一系统的背景，并用一个非限制性定语从句补充说明了特朗普对此系统持有的负面评价（昂贵、不可靠、难以修复）。
2.原文
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He said the system – designed to launch aircraft faster, more smoothly and with greater energy efficiency – had cost billions of dollars to build and fine-tune. According to Trump, when EMALS breaks down, “you have to send it up to MIT and get the most brilliant people in the world” to fix it.
In contrast, he said the 70-year-old steam catapult – which uses high-pressure steam to drive pistons that hurl aircraft off the flight deck – was more reliable and could be repaired “with a hammer and a blowtorch” while working “just as well, if not better”.
Trump also praised the dramatic effect of steam clouds billowing off aircraft carrier decks. “I love the sight of that beautiful steam pouring off that deck,” he told the sailors. “With the electric, you don’t have that … I like steam; we’re going to go back to steam.”
His remarks came just a month after China released new footage showing its third and most advanced aircraft carrier, the Fujian, conducting sea trials with its own electromagnetic launch system.
The footage aired on Chinese state television in September showed three types of aircraft – including the J-35 stealth fighter and the KJ-600 early warning plane – launching from and landing on the carrier’s deck.
China and the US are the only countries to have installed electromagnetic launch systems on their aircraft carriers. While China’s Fujian remains in sea trials, the USS Gerald R. Ford completed its first full deployment this year after years of technical delays and cost overruns.
2.1 翻译
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他说，该系统——旨在更快、更平稳、更节能地发射飞机——花费了数十亿美元来建造和调试。据特朗普说，当EMALS出故障时，“你必须把它送到麻省理工学院，请世界上最聪明的人”来修理它。
相比之下，他说有70年历史的蒸汽弹射器——它利用高压蒸汽驱动活塞将飞机抛射出飞行甲板——更可靠，可以用“锤子和焊枪”来修理，同时工作起来“就算不是更好，也同样出色”。
特朗普还赞扬了蒸汽从航母甲板上滚滚升腾的戏剧性效果。他告诉水兵们：“我喜欢看到美丽的蒸汽从甲板上喷涌而出的景象。”“使用电磁弹射，你就看不到……我喜欢蒸汽；我们要回到蒸汽时代。”
他的这番言论发表在一个月前，当时中国发布了新的录像，显示其第三艘、也是最先进的航空母舰“福建舰”正在进行配备自身电磁弹射系统的海试。
中国国家电视台在九月份播出的录像显示，包括歼-35隐形战斗机和空警-600预警机在内的三种类型飞机，正在从航母甲板上起飞和降落。
中国和美国是仅有的在航母上安装了电磁弹射系统的国家。中国的“福建舰”仍在进行海试，而美国的“杰拉尔德·R·福特”号航母在经历了多年的技术延迟和成本超支后，于今年完成了首次全面部署。
2.2 重点详解
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1. efficiency
音标: /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/解释: 效率；效能。用法: 名词，指有效地利用资源（如时间、能量）以实现目标的能力。常与形容词 high 或 low 连用。例句: The new engine design greatly improves fuel efficiency. (用法: 新的发动机设计极大地提高了燃料效率。)2. fine-tune
音标: /ˌfaɪn ˈtuːn/解释: 微调；使更精确。用法: 动词，指对某物进行小的、精确的调整，以达到最佳性能或效果。例句: Before the product launch, we need to fine-tune the marketing strategy. (在产品发布之前，我们需要对营销策略进行微调。)3. breaks down
音标: /breɪks daʊn/解释: （机器、系统）出故障；分解。用法: 动词短语，此处特指机器或系统停止正常运作。例句: My car breaks down every time I drive it long distance. (我的车每次长途驾驶都会出故障。)4. contrast
音标: /ˈkɒntræst/ (n.); /kənˈtræst/ (v.)解释: 对比；差别。常用于短语 in contrast (相比之下)。用法: 名词，指两个或多个事物之间的明显差异。例句:In contrast to the cold weather yesterday, it is sunny and warm today. (相比昨天寒冷的天气，今天阳光明媚，很温暖。)5. pistons
音标: /ˈpɪstənz/解释: 活塞。用法: 名词，指在气缸或类似装置内往复运动的圆柱形或盘形部件，用于传递动力。例句: The engine needs new pistons to restore its full power. (发动机需要新的活塞来恢复其全部动力。)6. hurl
音标: /hɜːrl/解释: 猛投；用力抛掷。用法: 动词，指用极大的力量投掷或发射某物。例句: The catapult is designed to hurl the plane forward at high speed. (该弹射器的设计目的是以高速将飞机向前抛射出去。)7. flight deck
音标: /flaɪt dek/解释: 飞行甲板（特指航母的）。用法: 名词词组，指航空母舰上供飞机起降的平坦甲板。例句: The fighter jet landed smoothly on the carrier's flight deck. (战斗机平稳地降落在航母的飞行甲板上。)8. hammer
音标: /ˈhæmər/解释: 锤子；榔头。用法: 名词，一种带有重头和手柄的工具，用于敲打或击碎物体。例句: He used a hammer and a nail to hang the picture on the wall. (他用锤子和钉子把画挂在墙上。)9. blowtorch
音标: /ˈbloʊtɔːrtʃ/解释: 焊枪；喷灯。用法: 名词，一种产生极热火焰的工具，用于焊接、加热金属或除漆。例句: Old systems can often be fixed with simple tools like a blowtorch. (旧系统通常可以用像焊枪这样的简单工具来修理。)10. sea trials
音标: /siː traɪəlz/解释: 海试；海上试验。用法: 名词词组，指新船只（尤其是军舰）在移交给买方或正式服役前，在海上进行的一系列测试。例句: The new destroyer will undergo sea trials for three months before joining the fleet. (这艘新的驱逐舰将在加入舰队前进行为期三个月的海试。)11. delays
音标: /dɪˈleɪz/解释: 延迟；延期。用法: 名词，指事情被推迟或耽搁的时间。例句: The project was hit by unexpected technical delays. (该项目受到了意料之外的技术延期的影响。)12. cost overruns
音标: /kɒst ˈoʊvərrʌnz/解释: 成本超支；超预算。用法: 名词词组，指项目的实际成本超过了最初的预算。例句: The government report heavily criticized the program's massive cost overruns. (政府报告严厉批评了该项目的巨额成本超支。)原句: In contrast, he said the 70-year-old steam catapult – which uses high-pressure steam to drive pistons that hurl aircraft off the flight deck – was more reliable and could be repaired “with a hammer and a blowtorch” while working “just as well, if not better”.
分析:
主句核心: he said the 70-year-old steam catapult was more reliable and could be repaired ... while working ... (他说，有70年历史的蒸汽弹射器更可靠，可以用...修理，同时工作起来...)主语补语: the 70-year-old steam catapult (有70年历史的蒸汽弹射器)谓语动词: said (说)宾语从句的主语和谓语: catapult was... and could be repaired... (弹射器更可靠，可以被修理...)插入语 (非限制性定语从句): which uses high-pressure steam to drive pistons that hurl aircraft off the flight deck (它利用高压蒸汽驱动活塞，这些活塞将飞机抛射出飞行甲板)作用: 解释了蒸汽弹射器的工作原理。从句内又包含一个限制性定语从句that hurl aircraft off the flight deck，修饰先行词 pistons。方式状语 (并列结构): "with a hammer and a blowtorch" (用锤子和焊枪)时间状语从句 (伴随状态): while working “just as well, if not better” (同时工作起来“就算不是更好，也同样出色”)作用: 描述了修理后的蒸汽弹射器的工作状态，其中 just as well, if not better 是一个常见的口语/非正式书面语结构，表示“同样好，甚至更好”。句意总结: 句子以“相比之下”开头，引出特朗普的观点：与电磁弹射器不同，70年历史的蒸汽弹射器（用高压蒸汽驱动活塞将飞机射出甲板）不仅更可靠，而且可以用简单的工具修理，同时性能可以媲美（甚至超越）新系统。
3.原文
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Catapults are critical to aircraft carrier operations because they allow heavier aircraft, including strike jets and surveillance planes, to take off from short flight decks.
The US began developing EMALS in the early 2000s, led by California-based defence contractor General Atomics, with the goal of launching aircraft more efficiently and with less stress on both the equipment and the airframes.
Compared to steam, electromagnetic launch systems offer finer control and adjustable launch power, and they support lighter aircraft like drones. But they require massive power, are harder to maintain, and there were reliability issues during early trials aboard the USS Gerald R. Ford.
Trump has criticised EMALS since his first term, calling it “no good” in 2017. During a 2019 navy visit in Japan, he called the system “crazy electric” and “very, very complex”. He floated the idea of reverting to steam, but no formal directive was issued at the time.
China did not commission its first aircraft carrier until 2012, decades behind the US. Instead of adopting steam catapults like the US Navy did in the 1950s, China skipped that generation entirely and moved straight to electromagnetic launch technology with the Fujian.
The country is reportedly building a next-generation, nuclear-powered “super carrier”, which is expected to feature EMALS catapults, expanded flight capacity, and other cutting-edge systems aimed at matching the capabilities of the US Navy’s most advanced carriers.
3.1 翻译
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弹射器对航空母舰的运作至关重要，因为它们允许包括攻击机和侦察机在内的较重型飞机从较短的飞行甲板上起飞。
美国在 21 世纪初开始开发 EMALS，由总部位于加利福尼亚州的国防承包商通用原子公司牵头，目标是更有效地发射飞机，并减轻设备和机体两方面的压力。
与蒸汽相比，电磁弹射系统提供更精细的控制和可调节的发射功率，并且支持无人机等更轻型飞机。但它们需要巨大的电力，更难维护，而且在“杰拉尔德·R·福特”号航母的早期试验中曾出现可靠性问题。
特朗普自上任以来一直批评 EMALS，在 2017 年称其“不好”。在 2019 年对日本进行海军访问期间，他称该系统为“疯狂的电动的”和“非常、非常复杂”。他提出了恢复使用蒸汽弹射器的想法，但当时没有发布正式指令。
中国直到 2012 年才服役其第一艘航空母舰，落后美国数十年。中国没有像美国海军在 20 世纪 50 年代那样采用蒸汽弹射器，而是完全跳过了那一代，直接在“福建”号上采用了电磁弹射技术。
据报道，该国正在建造一艘下一代核动力“超级航母”，预计将配备 EMALS 弹射器、扩大的飞行容量以及其他旨在匹配美国海军最先进航母能力的尖端系统。
3.2 重点详解
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1. Catapults /'kætəpʌlts/
用法: Catapults 作名词，指“弹射器”，特指用于在短距离内发射飞机或火箭的机械或电磁装置。例句: The crew practiced using the catapults to launch the fighter jets efficiently. (机组人员练习使用弹射器来高效发射战斗机。)2. critical to /'krɪtɪkəl tuː/
用法: critical to 作形容词词组，意为“对……至关重要的；决定性的”。通常后接名词或动名词，强调其重要性。例句: Good communication is critical to the success of any team project. (良好的沟通对任何团队项目的成功都至关重要。)3. strike jets /straɪk dʒets/
用法: strike jets 作名词词组，指“攻击机；战斗轰炸机”。这类飞机主要用于对地面或海上目标进行攻击。例句: The carrier group deployed several strike jets for the training exercise. (该航母编队部署了几架攻击机进行训练演习。)4. surveillance planes /sər'veɪləns pleɪnz/
用法: surveillance planes 作名词词组，指“侦察机；监视飞机”。主要用于收集情报、监视目标区域。例句: Surveillance planes fly over the border regularly to monitor activity. (侦察机定期飞越边境以监视活动。)5. EMALS /'iːmælz/
用法: EMALS 是 Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System 的缩写，作名词，指“电磁飞机弹射系统”。这是一个专有名词。例句: The new aircraft carrier is equipped with EMALS instead of traditional steam catapults. (这艘新航母配备了电磁飞机弹射系统而不是传统的蒸汽弹射器。)6. airframes /'eəfreɪmz/
用法: airframes 作名词，指“机体；飞机骨架”。特指飞机除去发动机和设备的结构主体。例句: Engineers inspect the airframes for signs of stress and fatigue after every long flight. (每次长途飞行后，工程师都会检查机体是否有应力和疲劳的迹象。)7. harder to maintain /'hɑːrdər tuː meɪn'teɪn/
用法: harder to maintain 作形容词词组，意为“更难维护”。强调维持设备处于良好工作状态的难度更大。例句: While advanced, the new machinery proved to be harder to maintain than the older models. (虽然先进，但新的机械被证明比旧型号更难维护。)8. reverting to /rɪ'vɜːrtɪŋ tuː/
用法: reverting to 作动词词组，意为“恢复到；回到（原状或旧习惯）”。常用于讨论政策、技术或状态的改变。例句: After several failed attempts, the company considered reverting to its original marketing strategy. (经过几次失败的尝试，该公司考虑恢复到其最初的营销策略。)9. directive /daɪ'rektɪv/
用法: directive 作名词，指“指令；命令；指示”。特指官方或正式的指示。例句: The manager issued a strict directive regarding the new safety procedures. (经理就新的安全程序发布了一项严格的指令。)10. commission /kə'mɪʃən/
用法: commission 作动词，指“使（舰船）服役；授予（某人）军职”。在军事语境中，特指使军舰正式投入使用。例句: The navy plans to commission the destroyer next year after completing the final sea trials. (海军计划在完成最终海试后于明年使这艘驱逐舰服役。)11. skipped that generation entirely /skɪpt ðæt dʒenə'reɪʃən ɪn'taɪərli/
用法: skipped that generation entirely 作动词词组，意为“完全跳过了那一世代（的技术或产品）”。强调跨越式发展，没有采纳中间的阶段。例句: The nation in telecommunications, moving straight from 2G to 4G networks. (该国在电信方面完全跳过了那一世代，直接从 2G 网络跃升到 4G 网络。)12. feature /'fiːtʃər/
用法: feature 作动词，意为“以……为特色；包含；具有”。强调某物拥有重要的或引人注目的组成部分。例句: The documentary will feature interviews with leading experts in climate science. (这部纪录片将以气候科学领域的顶尖专家的采访为特色。)长难句: The country is reportedly building a next-generation, nuclear-powered “super carrier”, which is expected to feature EMALS catapults, expanded flight capacity, and other cutting-edge systems aimed at matching the capabilities of the US Navy’s most advanced carriers.
句子主干: The country is building a “super carrier”, which is expected... (该国正在建造一艘“超级航母”，这艘航母预计……)修饰成分:a next-generation, nuclear-powered “super carrier”: 用两个形容词词组修饰 “super carrier”，说明它的类型和动力来源（下一代的，核动力的）。which is expected to feature...: 这是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰 “super carrier”，说明航母预计会有的特色。EMALS catapults, expanded flight capacity, and other cutting-edge systems: 是 feature 的宾语，列举了航母的特点（EMALS弹射器、扩大的飞行容量、其他尖端系统）。aimed at matching the capabilities of the US Navy’s most advanced carriers: 这是一个过去分词短语作定语，修饰 other cutting-edge systems，说明这些系统的目标（旨在匹配美国海军最先进航母的能力）。中文翻译: 据报道，该国正在建造一艘下一代核动力“超级航母”，预计将配备 EMALS 弹射器、扩大的飞行容量以及其他旨在匹配美国海军最先进航母能力的尖端系统。句子总结: 这是一个复杂的复合句，主句说明国家在建造核动力超级航母，后面的非限制性定语从句详细说明了航母的预计装备，最后的过去分词短语进一步限定了这些尖端系统的目的。来源：英语杂货铺
