天津图书馆外国文学撷珍（Classics Reading）第84期：《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》（二）

摘要：秋风阵阵，秋意正浓。今天继续为大家荐读《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》。贵族青年奥涅金在玩世不恭和无所事事中虚度了青春年华，他的人生悲剧引发无数读者深思。普希金继承和发扬了世界文学的人文主义传统，更加深入而具体地探索人性。正是这样一部展现复杂人性的作品，自问世以来始终散发

SAYINGS

小编有话说

秋风阵阵，秋意正浓。今天继续为大家荐读《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》。贵族青年奥涅金在玩世不恭和无所事事中虚度了青春年华，他的人生悲剧引发无数读者深思。普希金继承和发扬了世界文学的人文主义传统，更加深入而具体地探索人性。正是这样一部展现复杂人性的作品，自问世以来始终散发着无穷魅力，不愧为世界文学史上的崇高篇章。

译者序（节选自《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》上海文艺出版社，2020）

……普希金从拜伦那里学来诗体小说这种艺术形式，又加以发展和改造，使之成为俄国文学中具有民族特色的作品。诗体小说是小说，也是诗，它的贯穿作品整体的外在诗歌特征，是由它的格律形式来体现的。《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》在这一点上尤其别具特色。它所使用的格律是作家专门为写这部书而创造的。这一独特的格律被文学史家命名为“奥涅金诗节”。“奥涅金诗节”的特点是我们在阅读和欣赏这本书时必须首先留意的。要知道，《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》中的这个“奥涅金诗节”是前无古人、后无来者的。

普希金根据欧洲文艺复兴以来流行的十四行诗格律，参照它在各个不同国家、不同诗人笔下的变化与发展，同时考虑到俄语词汇的音节重音特点，创造性地为自己制定了这一独特的格律。普希金在诗歌形式上对欧洲文艺复兴以来文学中的人文主义思想的继承与发展之间有着内在的、必然的联系……

插图欣赏

（以上插图选自《普希金文集. 8, 叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》上海译文出版社有限公司, 2023）

精彩片段

My dreams, my dreams! What has become of their sweetness? What indeed has become of my youth? Can it be that its garland of flowers has wilted, has really wilted at last? Can it be that poetic fancy has given way to hard fact, and the springtime of my life has really slipped right by, as I have jokingly maintained so often in the past? And is it never to return?... And will I really soon be thirty? Yes, my life has reached its noontide, and I see that I had better face up to it.

But never mind. My youth -- my carefree youth -- and I must part as friends. I’m grateful for its delights, its sadnesses, its fond agonies, its noise, its tempests, its festivities; my thanks for all its gifts -- yes, all of them. Hectic or tranquil, I’ve enjoyed it all, enjoyed it to the full. Enough, then. With a heart unclouded by regrets I’ll now embark on fresh travels, to recuperate from the life I leave behind...

One last look back! I must say goodbye to those sheltered spots where in seclusion day after day I used to indulge my emotions, my indolence, my wistful dreams... But my youthful inspiration -- please not ‘goodbye’ to that! May it wing its way to my corner more often than before, to stir my imagination and enliven the musings of my soul, so that my poet’s heart may not grow cold and hard and stale, and not be turned at last to stone in society’s lethal frenzy, in this morass, friends, where we’re all of us wallowing together, you and I!

词汇学习

slip

v. 滑倒；滑落；溜走

n. 疏漏，差错

carefree

adj. 无忧无虑的，无牵挂的；不负责任的

agony

n. 苦恼；痛苦

tranquil

adj. 平静的，宁静的

indulge

vt. 沉溺，纵容自己，肆意从事；允许延期付款