摘要：This type of technology is mainly responsible for local connections within a range of tens of meters for devices, building up "loc

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小高分享（103）物联网中的无线通信技术

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Xiao Gao's Sharing (103): Wireless Communication Technologies in the Internet of Things

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1. 短距离无线通信技术

1. Short-range wireless communication technology

这类技术主要负责设备在数十米范围内的局部连接，构建起家庭、办公室等场景的“局域网”，是物联网体验的基石。

This type of technology is mainly responsible for local connections within a range of tens of meters for devices, building up "local area networks" in scenarios such as homes and offices, and it serves as the cornerstone of the Internet of Things experience.

Wi-Fi： 高带宽、高功耗的代名词。凭借其普及率和高速率，Wi-Fi在智能家居（如智能摄像头、智能音箱）、可穿戴设备数据同步等需要大量数据传输的场景中占据主导地位。

Wi-Fi: A synonym for high bandwidth and high power consumption. With its wide popularity and high speed, Wi-Fi dominates in scenarios that require extensive data transmission, such as smart cameras, smart speakers in smart homes, and data synchronization for wearable devices.

蓝牙（特别是BLE）： 低功耗、轻量级连接的王者。蓝牙低功耗技术以其极低的待机功耗和便捷的配对方式，成为可穿戴设备（手环、手表）、健康监测传感器、智能门锁等产品的首选。

Bluetooth (especially BLE): The king of low-power, lightweight connections. Bluetooth Low Energy technology, with its extremely low standby power consumption and convenient pairing method, has become the preferred choice for wearable devices (such as wristbands and watches), health monitoring sensors, and smart locks, among others.

Zigbee/Z-Wave： 自组网、低功耗的专家。它们支持网状网络，设备间可以相互中继信号，极大地扩展了覆盖范围，非常适合全屋智能的灯光、窗帘等控制系统的部署。

Zigbee/Z-Wave: Experts in ad hoc networks and low-power consumption. They support mesh networks, allowing devices to relay signals to each other, significantly expanding the coverage area. They are highly suitable for the deployment of smart home control systems such as lighting and curtains.

2. 蜂窝移动通信技术

2. Cellular mobile communication technology

依托公众移动通信网络，蜂窝技术提供广域、高速的移动连接能力，是物联网走向广阔世界的“高速公路”。

Relying on public mobile communication networks, cellular technology offers wide-area and high-speed mobile connection capabilities, serving as the "highway" that enables the Internet of Things to reach out to the vast world.

4G (LTE)： 为物联网的移动应用铺平了道路。其速率足以支持车载信息处理系统（T-Box）、移动POS机、共享单车等需要中等速率和移动性的场景。

4G (LTE): Has paved the way for mobile applications in the Internet of Things. Its speed is sufficient to support scenarios such as vehicle information processing systems (T-Box), mobile POS machines, and shared bikes, which require moderate speed and mobility.

5G： 开启万物智联的革命性技术。5G不仅带来百倍于4G的峰值速率，更关键的是其三大特性：eMBB（增强移动宽带）支持4K/8K视频监控；uRLLC（超高可靠低时延通信）赋能自动驾驶、远程医疗；mMTC（海量机器类通信）则能满足未来千亿级设备的连接需求。

5G: A revolutionary technology that initiates the revolution of intelligent connection of all things. 5G not only offers a peak rate that is 100 times higher than that of 4G, but more importantly, it has three key features: eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) supports 4K/8K video surveillance; uRLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication) enables autonomous driving and remote medical services; mMTC (Massive Machine Type Communication) can meet the connection demands of trillions of devices in the future.

3. 低功耗广域网技术

3. Low-power Wide Area Network Technology

LPWAN专为物联网而生，旨在解决“长距离、低功耗、低速率”的连接难题，它牺牲了速率，换来了极致的续航和广阔的覆盖，是连接海量“沉默”传感器的最佳选择。

LPWAN was specifically designed for the Internet of Things, aiming to solve the connection problems of "long distance, low power consumption, and low rate". It sacrificed speed in exchange for ultimate battery life and extensive coverage, making it the best choice for connecting a large number of "silent" sensors.

NB-IoT（窄带物联网）： 基于授权频谱，由运营商部署。其优势在于深度覆盖（可穿透地下、墙体）、连接数多、安全性高，非常适合智能水表/燃气表、智能停车、城市井盖监测等静态、低频次上报的市政及工业场景。

NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things): Based on licensed spectrum, deployed by operators. Its advantages lie in deep coverage (able to penetrate underground and walls), large number of connections, and high security. It is highly suitable for static and low-frequency reporting municipal and industrial scenarios such as smart water meters/gas meters, smart parking, and urban manhole cover monitoring.

LoRa： 基于非授权频谱，可自建网络。其传输距离远（可达数公里）、功耗极低，在智慧农业（土壤温湿度监测）、物流追踪、资产定位等需要广域覆盖和灵活部署的领域表现出色。

LoRa: Based on unlicensed frequency spectrum, it can establish its own network. It has a long transmission distance (up to several kilometers) and extremely low power consumption. It performs exceptionally well in fields such as smart agriculture (soil temperature and humidity monitoring), logistics tracking, and asset location, which require wide-area coverage and flexible deployment.

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