摘要：10月6日，唐纳德·特朗普总统下令批准一项拟议中的211英里公路项目，该公路将穿越阿拉斯加州一片荒野，为铜、钴、金及其他矿产的开采创造条件。

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内政部长道格·伯根向记者介绍特朗普行政令批准在阿拉斯加修建的公路

美联社2025年10月7日报道，10月6日，唐纳德·特朗普总统下令批准一项拟议中的211英里公路项目，该公路将穿越阿拉斯加州一片荒野，为铜、钴、金及其他矿产的开采创造条件。

这项争议已久的“安布勒公路”项目曾在特朗普第一任期内获得批准，但之后被拜登政府叫停。因为此前的一项分析认定，该项目会威胁驯鹿及其他野生动物的生存，并损害依赖狩猎和捕鱼为生的阿拉斯加原住民部落利益。

在白宫椭圆形办公室举行的签署仪式上，特朗普表示，这条位于阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯市北部的碎石公路及相关采矿项目“本应早已投入运营，为国家创造数十亿美元收入，并供应大量能源和矿产”。他还补充称，前总统乔·拜登“终止了这个项目，浪费了大量时间、资金和精力。现在我们要重新启动，而且这次我们有充足的时间完成它”。

美国能源部长（左）和内政部长（右）出席特朗普签署行政令仪式

与此同时，白宫宣布将收购“三部曲金属公司”10%的股权。这家加拿大公司正计划开发安布勒公路沿线的采矿场地。这也是特朗普为了获得与中国竞争的战略资源而入股的又一家矿业公司。

美国政府上周表示，已收购另一家加拿大企业“美洲锂业公司”的少数股权。该公司正在内华达州开发全球最大锂矿之一。美国能源部将持有该公司5%的股权，并持有“萨克帕斯锂矿项目”5%的股权，该项目是美洲锂业与通用汽车公司的合资项目。

包括阿拉斯加州国会代表团在内的支持者表示，必须修建这条公路才能抵达一处价值超70亿美元的大型铜矿床。铜广泛应用于汽车制造、电子产品生产，甚至风力涡轮机等可再生能源技术领域。

包括由40个获得联邦政府认可的原住民部落组成的联盟反对者则担忧，公路带来的开发活动会威胁到原住民的生存物资获取，因为公路途经区域包含三文鱼和驯鹿的重要栖息地。

卡门·莫尼戈尔德是反对该公路项目的西北北极地区倡导组织“保护科伯克河”的成员，同时也是因纽皮克族原住民。她表示，首次得知特朗普这一决定时，自己哭了。她在接受电话采访中说：“但随后我提醒自己，我们是谁，我们的族人是谁，我们一路走来有多不容易。他们曾试图同化我们、消灭我们，但我们依然屹立不倒。我们依然重要。”莫尼戈尔德表示，她希望阿拉斯加原住民团体能像过去那样，通过提起诉讼阻止该项目。

因拟修建公路通过阿拉斯加生态脆弱的地区，遭当地土著民族和环保组织强烈反对

这条双车道碎石公路约有26英里的路段穿过“北极之门国家公园及保护区”。此外，公路在抵达未来采矿场地之前，还需跨越11条河流和数千条溪流。

由共和党掌控的美国众议院上月通过一项法案，为特朗普在阿拉斯加州及其他州扩大公共土地采矿和钻探活动铺平道路。此次投票基本遵循党派立场，法案将废除拜登政府任期尾声通过的土地管理计划，该计划曾限制阿拉斯加州、蒙大拿州和北达科他州大片区域的开发活动。

拜登政府当时的目标之一是减少因燃烧从联邦土地开采的化石燃料而产生的气候变暖排放。而在特朗普政府时期，共和党人无视这些担忧，开放公共政府土地用于开发，希望借此创造更多就业岗位、增加财政收入，并推动煤炭、石油、天然气等化石燃料产业发展。特朗普政府同时还在推动铜、钴、金、锌等关键矿产的开发。

通向“北极之门国家公园及保护区”的入口

伯根表示，尽管特朗普常说“钻吧，宝贝，钻吧”（指石油钻探），但他同样支持“采吧，宝贝，采吧”（指矿产开采）。“我们必须重新投身采矿行业。”

特朗普的行政令认为，考虑到美国对本土关键矿产的需求，拟议中的公路符合公共利益，且不存在经济上可行的替代路线。

该决定指示联邦土地管理局、国家公园管理局和美国陆军工兵团重新核发修建这条公路所需的必要许可。

特里斯坦·帕蒂是因纽皮克族原住民，现任阿拉斯加州科策布市附近“红狗锌矿”的环境技术主管。他表示，这条公路的获批早就该到来了。

他说：“我对即将到来的机遇和将创造的所有就业岗位感到兴奋。我期待他们能以负责任的态度修建公路，并确保公路按许可要求运营。”

人烟稀少的阿拉斯加美景

Trump approves Alaska mining road to boost copper, zinc production. By MATTHEW DALY for AP from Washington. October 7, 2025

President Donald Trump on Monday ordered approval of a proposed 211-mile road through an Alaska wilderness to allow mining of copper, cobalt, gold and other minerals.

The long-debated Ambler Road project was approved in Trump’s first term, but was later blocked by the Biden administration after an analysis determined the project would threaten caribou and other wildlife and harm Alaska Native tribes that rely on hunting and fishing.

The gravel road and mining project, north of Fairbanks, Alaska, “is something that should’ve been long operating and making billions of dollars for our country and supplying a lot of energy and minerals,” Trump said at an Oval Office ceremony. Former President Joe Biden “undid it and wasted a lot of time and a lot of money, a lot of effort. And now we’re starting again. And this time we have plenty of time to get it done,” Trump added.

In a related development, the White House announced it is taking 10% equity stake in Trilogy Metals, a Canadian company that is seeking to develop the Ambler site.

The U.S. government said last week it is taking a minority stake in lithium Americas, another Canadian company that is developing one of the world’s largest lithium mines in Nevada. The Department of Energy will take a 5% equity stake in the company and a 5% stake in the Thacker Pass lithium mining project, a joint venture with General Motors.

Interior Secretary Doug Burgum said approval of Ambler Road will unlock access to copper, cobalt and other critical minerals “that we need to win the AI arms race against China.”

Supporters, including Alaska’s congressional delegation, have said the road is needed to reach a large copper deposit worth more than $7 billion. Copper is used in production of cars, electronics and even renewable energy technologies such as wind turbines.

Opponents, including a consortium of 40 federally recognized tribes, worry that development allowed by the road would put subsistence harvests at risk because the lands include important habitat for salmon and caribou.

Karmen Monigold, an Inupiaq member of Protect the Kobuk, a Northwest Arctic advocacy group opposed to the access road, said she cried when she first learned of Trump’s actions. “And then I reminded myself of who we are, and who our people are and how far we’ve come,’' she said Monday in a telephone interview. “They tried to assimilate us, to wipe us out and yet we’re still here. We still matter.”

Monigold said she hopes Alaska Native groups will file lawsuits, as they’ve done before, to halt the project.

The two-lane gravel road includes about 26 miles that would cut through Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. The road would also cross 11 rivers and thousands of streams before reaching the site of a future mine.

The Republican-controlled House approved a bill last month that would pave the way for Trump to expand mining and drilling on public lands in Alaska and other states. The vote, largely along party lines, would repeal land management plans adopted in the closing days of Biden’s administration that restricted development in large areas of Alaska, Montana and North Dakota.

Biden’s goal was in part to reduce climate-warming emissions from the burning of fossil fuels extracted from federal land. Under Trump, Republicans are casting aside those concerns as they open more taxpayer-owned land to development, hoping to create more jobs and revenue and boost fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. The administration also has pushed to develop critical minerals, including copper, cobalt, gold and zinc.

While Trump has often said, “drill, baby, drill,” he also supports “mine, baby, mine,” Burgum said. “We’ve got to get back in the mining business.”

Trump’s order finds that the proposed road is in the public interest, given U.S. needs for domestic critical minerals, and says there is no economically feasible alternative route.

The decision directs the federal Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to reissue necessary permits to construct the road.

Tristen Pattee, an Inupiaq who serves as an environmental technical supervisor at Red Dog zinc mine near Kotzebue, Alaska, said approval of the road is long overdue.

“I’m excited for the opportunities that are going to be coming in and all the jobs that will be created,’' he said. “I look forward to them responsibly building the road and making sure it’s operated as permitted.”

来源：读行品世事一点号