摘要：已开采的黄金：根据可靠估算，截至目前，人类已经从地下挖出了大约21万到24万吨黄金。一个更直观的比喻是：这些黄金可以铸成一个边长超过20米的实心大金立方体。更重要的是，黄金几乎永不消失，我们祖辈打制的金饰与古罗马时代的金币，绝大部分都以各种形态留存于世，其中约
黄金，这种闪耀着独特光芒的金属，几千年来一直让人类为之疯狂。它既是权力的象征，也是财富的避风港。那么，关于地底下的这些宝藏，我们究竟知道多少？
想象一下，如果把人类历史上所有开采出来的黄金收集起来，能堆成多大一堆呢？
已开采的黄金：根据可靠估算，截至目前，人类已经从地下挖出了大约 21万到24万吨 黄金。一个更直观的比喻是：这些黄金可以铸成一个边长超过20米的实心大金立方体。更重要的是，黄金几乎永不消失，我们祖辈打制的金饰与古罗马时代的金币，绝大部分都以各种形态留存于世，其中约有三分之二是在最近70多年里开采出来的，可见现代工业的开采速度之快。未来的宝藏：那地下还剩下多少呢？截至2024年，全球已经探明且具备经济开采价值的黄金储量约为 5.9万吨。按照目前的消耗速度，这个量大概还能再开采十多年。不过，随着勘探技术的进步和新的矿藏被发现，这个数字未来还会变化。开采黄金绝非易事，它是一场与地球的博弈。
开采难度：深度挑战：很多高品位的金矿埋藏在地下深处，开采它们需要开凿数千米深的矿井，如同进行一场“地心探险”，对技术和安全的要求极高。品味下降：容易开采的“富矿”越来越少，现在往往需要处理数以亿吨计的矿石，才能提炼出几十吨黄金，可谓“沙里淘金”的现代版。环境投入：金矿开采和冶炼是一个高耗能、高环保投入的行业，如何平衡经济效益与环境保护是全球矿业公司面临的共同课题。开采巨头：全球黄金开采业的舞台，由一些矿业巨头主导。有趣的是，在这个领域，加拿大公司扮演了非常重要的角色，全球前15大黄金公司中，有7家来自加拿大。中国的公司也实力强劲，占据4席，例如我们熟悉的紫金矿业和山东黄金。尽管紫金矿业以产铜闻名，但单论黄金产量，它已经超过了专注于黄金的山东黄金，成为中国黄金生产的领头羊。此外，美国和南非等地也拥有世界级的黄金开采企业。
中国在全球黄金舞台上扮演着双重角色：既是重要的生产国，也是巨大的消费国。
我们的金矿：中国已探明的黄金储量约为 3000吨，在全球名列前茅。特别是山东的“西岭金矿”，单个矿藏储量就超过580吨，是世界级的巨型金矿。我们的储备：截至2025年初，中国官方持有的黄金储备为 2292吨，是国家金融安全的重要支柱。生产与消费：生产：2024年，中国总共生产了 534吨 黄金。这不仅仅来自国内矿山，还包括利用进口原料冶炼的部分，甚至还有中国公司在海外运营的矿山产量，展现了中国黄金产业的全球布局。消费：2024年，中国人买走了 985吨 黄金。一个明显的趋势是：用于装饰的黄金首饰需求有所下降，但用于投资的金条和金币需求却大幅增长 24%。这反映出，在复杂的经济环境下，越来越多的人将黄金视为“压箱底”的保值资产。一个有趣的现象：据报道，中国有部分黄金储存在美国纽约联邦储备银行的地下金库中。这其实是全球许多国家的共同做法，源于历史惯例。不过，近年来，包括德国、法国在内的多个国家已经开始将存在海外的黄金运回本国，这成为全球金融领域一个值得关注的新趋势。总结一下：
黄金，这份来自地底的馈赠，其开采是一场技术与资本的较量。全球的黄金家底虽有限，但仍在支撑着一个庞大的市场。中国，作为这个市场上的重要玩家，正同时在生产端和消费端发挥着举足轻重的作用。而各国央行和普通民众对黄金的热情，恰恰证明了在这种不确定的世界里，那抹金色的光芒，依然是人们心中最可靠的港湾。
Gold, with its unique luster, has captivated humanity for thousands of years. It is both a symbol of power and a safe haven for wealth. So, what do we really know about these treasures beneath our feet?
I. The Global Gold Inventory: Mined and in ReserveHave you ever wondered how much gold humans have ever dug up?
Mined Gold: According to reliable estimates, humankind has mined approximately 210,000 to 240,000 tonnes of gold so far. A more vivid image: this amount could be melted into a solid cube with sides over 20 meters long. Crucially, gold is virtually indestructible, meaning almost all the gold ever mined—from ancient Roman coins to your grandmother's jewelry—still exists in some form today. Remarkably, about two-thirds of this total was extracted after 1950, highlighting the rapid pace of modern industrial mining.Future Treasure: So, how much is left underground? As of 2024, global identified economically viable gold reserves stand at about 59,000 tonnes. At current consumption rates, this would last just over a decade. However, this number is likely to change as exploration technology advances and new deposits are discovered.Mining gold is no easy task; it's a battle against the earth itself.
Depth: High-grade gold deposits are often located deep underground, requiring mines that plunge kilometers into the earth—a tremendous technical and safety challenge.Declining Grade: The easy-to-mine "rich" deposits are dwindling. Miners now often have to process hundreds of millions of tonnes of ore to yield just a few dozen tonnes of gold, a modern version of "panning for gold."Environmental Cost: Gold mining and refining are energy-intensive processes with significant environmental considerations, posing a constant challenge for companies worldwide.Mining Giants:The global gold mining industry is dominated by a few major players. Interestingly, Canadian companies hold a significant presence, with 7 of the world's top 15 gold mining firms headquartered there. China is also a major force, home to 4 of the top 15, including well-known names like Zijin Mining and Shandong Gold. Although Zijin Mining is renowned for its copper production, its gold output alone surpasses that of Shandong Gold, making it China's gold production leader. Companies from the US, South Africa, and the UK also feature among the global elite.
China plays a dual role on the global gold stage: a significant producer and a massive consumer.
Our Gold Reserves: China has identified gold reserves of about 3,000 tonnes, ranking among the top globally. The "Xiling Gold Mine" in Shandong Province, with a single deposit exceeding 580 tonnes, is a world-class giant.Our National Holdings: As of early 2025, China's official gold reserves held by the central bank amount to 2,292 tonnes, a crucial pillar of national financial security.Production: In 2024, China produced a total of 534 tonnes of gold. This comes not only from domestic mines but also includes gold refined from imported materials and output from Chinese-owned mines overseas, showcasing the global footprint of China's gold industry.Consumption: In the same year, Chinese consumers purchased 985 tonnes of gold. A clear trend emerged: demand for gold jewelry for adornment fell, while demand for investment products like gold bars and coins surged by 24%. This reflects a growing view of gold as a reliable asset for preserving wealth in an uncertain economic climate.An Interesting Phenomenon: It has been reported that a portion of China's gold is stored in the underground vaults of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York—a common practice among many nations for historical reasons. However, in recent years, several countries, including Germany and France, have begun repatriating their overseas gold holdings, a noteworthy trend in global finance.In Summary:
Gold, a gift from the depths of the earth, requires a mix of technology and capital to extract. While the global inventory is finite, it supports a vast market. China, as a key player, exerts significant influence on both the production and consumption sides. The enduring enthusiasm for gold from both central banks and ordinary people proves that in an uncertain world, that golden gleam remains one of humanity's most trusted anchors.
来源：永不落的红黑心