摘要：据2025年9月28日美联社记者伊利娅·诺维科夫、沃洛季米尔·尤尔丘克发自乌克兰基辅的报道，俄罗斯占领下的乌克兰扎波罗热核电站于9月27日进入第五天应急发电机供电，引发了日益加剧的安全担忧。与此同时，乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基宣布与美国达成一项900亿美元

拥有六座核反应堆的世界最大核电站扎波罗热核电站因外部电源中断面临风险

一、拥有六座核反应堆的世界最大核电站扎波罗热核电站因外部电源中断面临泄露风险

据2025年9月28日美联社记者伊利娅·诺维科夫、沃洛季米尔·尤尔丘克发自乌克兰基辅的报道，俄罗斯占领下的乌克兰扎波罗热核电站于9月27日进入第五天应急发电机供电，引发了日益加剧的安全担忧。与此同时，乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基宣布与美国达成一项900亿美元的武器协议，并批评匈牙利在乌克兰上空开展“危险的”无人机情报收集活动。

乌克兰绿色和平组织9月27日警告称，欧洲最大的核电站扎波罗热核电站的外部供电已中断超过四天，这座位于战争前线的座反应堆设施遭遇了创纪录的停电。

联合国核监督机构表示，自9月23日最后一条输电线路被切断后，该核电站一直在使用应急柴油发电机为冷却和安全系统供电。国际原子能机构总干事拉斐尔·格罗西9月25日与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京举行了会谈，但外部供电尚未恢复。

核电站的反应堆堆芯和乏核燃料必须进行冷却，以防止过热并引发危险的熔毁事故，类似2011年日本福岛核电站遭遇地震和海啸时发生的情况。联合国原子监督机构多次警告称，该核电站可能发生类似切尔诺贝利的辐射灾难。切尔诺贝利核电站位于扎波罗热西北约480公里处，1986年曾发生反应堆爆炸事故。

1986年发生反应堆爆炸事故的切尔诺贝利核电站曾给欧洲带来严重的污染

乌克兰官员证实了局势的严重性，能源部长斯维特拉娜·格林丘克告诉美联社：“该核电站仍处于停电状态，这严重违反了其正常运行的条件。”这是自2022年2月俄乌战争爆发以来发生的第10起此类事件。她表示，事故原因是俄罗斯方面的又一次炮击，损毁了乌克兰能源系统向该核电站供电的唯一一条输电线路。

俄罗斯控制的《电报》（Telegram）频道9月27日称该核电站“现场有充足的柴油储备，可确保发电机长期自主运行。”

乌克兰绿色和平组织的辐射与核能专家扬·范德普特表示：“应急柴油发电机被视为最后一道防线，仅在极端情况下使用。这无疑是自2022年3月俄罗斯占领扎波罗热核电站以来最严重、最重要的事件。”

普特表示，是俄罗斯的“蓄意行动”导致该核电站与乌克兰的外部电网断开连接。他警告称，这一事态发展推进了俄罗斯国有核能公司俄罗斯国家原子能公司的“长期目标”，即“接入扎波罗热和顿涅茨克地区被占领的电网，并重启核反应堆”。

乌克兰绿色和平组织的最新卫星分析显示，尽管处于高风险的战时环境，俄罗斯可能正准备重启至少一座反应堆。该环保组织称，俄罗斯工程师自2024年12月起开始施工，修建一条长201公里的输电线路，连接被占领城市梅利托波尔和马里乌波尔的变电站。

根据绿色和平组织的分析，俄罗斯还已为该核电站的冷却池建成了一套新的供水系统，并蓄意破坏了曾将该设施与乌克兰电网连接的一条750千伏输电线路。

自2022年俄乌冲突爆发以来，该核电站一直由俄方控制。其六座反应堆虽处于所谓的“冷停堆”状态（即核反应已停止），但仍装载着铀燃料。核电站需依赖外部电力为反应堆降温并为其他安全系统供电。在战争期间，外部供电已多次被切断，迫使核电站依赖现场的柴油发电机供电。

扎波罗热市位于基辅东南约440公里处，由乌克兰控制。由于前线距离较近，核电站周边多次发生袭击事件。国际原子能机构定期轮换驻厂人员，以检查核电站的安全状况并提供专业意见。

泽连斯基9月27日举行新闻发布会谈乌美军购协议与地区紧张局势

二、泽连斯基称已与美达成900亿美元军购协议，以色列已向乌提供爱国者防空系统

泽连斯基9月27日在基辅的新闻发布会上详细介绍了他所称的与美国达成的“巨额”武器采购协议，该协议具体技术会议将于9月末开始。这份900亿美元的一揽子计划既包括主要的武器协议，也包括一项单独的“无人机协议”：美国将直接采购乌克兰制造的无人机。

泽连斯基表示：“我们已与（特朗普）总统讨论并就主要条款达成一致。现在我们正进入实际执行阶段。”并补充称乌克兰已向美国提供了其军事需求的详细规格，包括对远程武器系统的请求。

美军秘密测试乌克兰生产的远程无人机并有意大量购买？

泽连斯基还批评了匈牙利在乌克兰上空的无人机活动，称乌克兰情报部门追踪到至少一架无人机。他说：“我认为他们在做非常危险的事情。非常危险，首先对他们自己而言。”

他表示，情报部门已通过照片和电子追踪记录了这架无人机的活动轨迹，但未详细说明“匈牙利情报部门在乌克兰领土上正在搜集哪些情报”。

匈牙利外长彼得·西雅尔多9月26日在脸书上发帖称，乌克兰总统“疯了，出现了幻觉”。由维克托·欧尔班总理领导的匈牙利与俄罗斯保持着密切联系，并对向乌克兰提供军事援助持批评态度。

泽连斯基还透露，一套以色列“爱国者”防空系统已在乌克兰投入运行一个月，另有两套“爱国者”系统预计将于秋季抵达。他说：“以色列的（‘爱国者’）系统正在乌克兰运行。已经一个月了，它已经运行了一个月。” 但拒绝提供有关防空系统部署的更多细节。

经以色列改进的爱国者防空导弹系统的拦截能力更强大

Ukraine nuclear plant enters fifth day on emergency power as Zelenskyy announces $90B arms deal. By ILLIA NOVIKOV and VOLODYMYR YURCHUK on AP from KYIV, Ukraine. September 28, 2025.

Ukraine’s Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant entered its fifth day running on emergency generators Saturday, prompting mounting safety concerns.

President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, meanwhile, announced a $90 billion arms agreement with the United States and criticized Hungary for carrying out “dangerous” intelligence-gathering drone activities over Ukraine.

External power to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, Europe’s largest, has been cut for more than four days in a record outage at the six-reactor facility on the front line of the war, Greenpeace Ukraine warned Saturday.

Emergency diesel generators are being used to power cooling and safety systems after the final power line was severed on Tuesday, according to the U.N. nuclear watchdog. Rafael Grossi, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, met with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Thursday, but the external power supply was not restored.

The reactor core and used nuclear fuel must be cooled to prevent them overheating and triggering dangerous meltdowns like the ones that occurred in 2011, when an earthquake and tsunami hit the Fukushima plant in Japan. The U.N. atomic watchdog has repeatedly warned of the possibility of a radiation catastrophe like the one at Chernobyl, about 480 kilometers (300 miles) to the northwest, where a reactor exploded in 1986.

Ukrainian officials confirmed the severity of the situation. Minister of Energy Svitlana Hrynchuk told The Associated Press that “the plant remains in blackout mode, which is a significant violation of the conditions for its normal operation,” marking the 10th such incident since Russia’s full-scale invasion in February 2022. The cause, she said, was another shelling by the Russians, which damaged the only power transmission line supplying the plant from the Ukrainian energy system.

The Russian-controlled Telegram channel for the plant said Saturday that “sufficient diesel fuel reserves are available on-site to ensure long-term autonomous operation of the generators.”

A radiation and nuclear energy specialist at Greenpeace Ukraine, Jan Vande Putte, said “emergency diesel generators are considered the last line of defense, used only in extreme circumstances.”

“These are undoubtedly the most serious and important events since the beginning of the occupation of the ZNPP by Russia in March 2022,” he said.

Putte said that it was Russia’s “deliberate actions” that led to the plant’s disconnection from the external power grid of Ukraine. He warned that the development advanced Russia’s state-owned nuclear energy company Rosatom’s “long-standing goal” to “connect to the illegally occupied power grid in Zaporizhia and Donetsk regions and restart the nuclear reactor.”

New satellite analysis by Greenpeace Ukraine suggests that Russia may be positioning to restart at least one reactor despite high-risk wartime conditions. The environmental group said Russian engineers are building 125 miles (201 kilometers) of power lines connecting substations in the occupied cities of Melitopol and Mariupol, with construction beginning in December 2024.

According to Greenpeace’s analysis, Russia has also completed construction of a new water supply system for the plant’s cooling pond and deliberately damaged a 750-kilovolt power line that had connected the facility to Ukraine’s electrical grid.

The Associated Press could not independently verify Greenpeace Ukraine’s analysis.

The plant has been held by Russia since Moscow’s invasion in 2022. Its six reactors remain fueled with uranium though they are in a so-called cold shutdown — meaning nuclear reactions have stopped. However, the plant relies on external electricity to keep its reactor cool and power other safety systems. That external power has been cut multiple times in the war, forcing the plant to rely on diesel generators on site.

The city of Zaporizhzhia, about 440 kilometers (275 miles) southeast of Kyiv, is held by Ukraine and attacks have occurred around the plant as the front line is close. The IAEA rotates staff through the facility to check the plant’s safety and offer its expertise.

Zelenskyy addresses arms deal and regional tensions

Zelenskyy detailed Saturday at a press briefing in Kyiv what he called a “mega deal” for weapons purchases from the United States, with technical meetings beginning in late September. The $90 billion package includes both the major arms agreement and a separate “drone deal” for Ukrainian-made drones that the U.S. will purchase directly.

“We discussed and agreed on the main points with the President (Trump). Now we are moving on to practical implementation,” Zelenskyy said, adding that Ukraine had provided detailed specifications of its military needs to the U.S., including requests for long-range weapons systems.

Zelenskyy also criticized Hungarian drone activity over Ukraine, saying Ukrainian intelligence tracked of at least one drone. “I believe they are doing very dangerous things — very dangerous things, first and foremost for themselves,” Zelenskyy said.

He said that intelligence services had documented the drone’s movement with photos and electronic tracking, though he did not elaborate on what “Hungarian intelligence is studying on the territory of Ukraine.”

Posting on Facebook on Friday, Hungarian Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto said the Ukrainian president “lost his mind” and was “seeing things.”

Hungary, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, has maintained close ties with Russia and has been critical of military aid to Ukraine.

Zelenskyy also disclosed that an Israeli Patriot air defense system has been operating in Ukraine for the past month, with two additional Patriot systems expected to arrive in the fall.

“The Israeli (Patriot) system is operating in Ukraine. Already a month, it’s been working for one month,” he said, declining to provide further details about the air defense deployments. Israel’s Defense Ministry refused to comment.

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