摘要：指在某一行业中由某一特定大公司确定商品价格，其他经营者跟从采纳的市场状态。它表明了一种由被其他经营者承认为领头者的经营者确定价格的行业惯例。价格领头并非一定为该行业最大的公司。如果不能证明有共谋行为或垄断意图存在，则这种做法不属违反反托拉斯法的行为。

价格领头；领头定价 price leadership

指在某一行业中由某一特定大公司确定商品价格，其他经营者跟从采纳的市场状态。它表明了一种由被其他经营者承认为领头者的经营者确定价格的行业惯例。价格领头并非一定为该行业最大的公司。如果不能证明有共谋行为或垄断意图存在，则这种做法不属违反反托拉斯法的行为。

Price leadership refers to a situation where prices and price changes established by a dominant firm, or a firm are accepted by others as the leader, and which other firms in the industry adopt and follow. When price leadership is adopted to facilitate collusion, the price leader will generally tend to set a price high enough that the least efficient firm in the market may earn some return above the competitive level. 相关例句如下，供参考，以加深理解：

例句1

Price leadership occurs when a leading firm in a given industry is able to exert enough influence in the sector that it can effectively determine the price of goods or services for the entire market. This type of firm is sometimes referred to as the price leader.

当一个特定行业中的领先企业能够在该领域施加足够的影响，从而能够有效地决定整个市场的商品或服务价格时，就出现了价格领头。这种类型的公司有时被称为价格领导者。

例句2

There are many potential advantages for firms that emerge as price leaders within an industry. In some instances, other firms within an industry may also benefit from the emergence of a price leader. For example, if companies in a particular market follow a price leader by setting higher prices, then all producers in that market stand to profit, as long as demand remains steady. Price leadership also has the potential to eliminate (or reduce) price wars. If a market is completely comprised of companies of a similar size, in the absence of price leadership, price wars could ensue as each competitor tries to increase its share of the market.

对于成为行业内价格领导者的公司来说，有许多潜在的优势。在某些情况下，行业内的其他公司也可能受益于价格领头者的出现。例如，如果一个特定市场中的公司跟随价格领头者制定更高的价格，那么只要需求保持稳定，该市场中的所有生产商都会获利。价格领头也有可能消除（或减少）价格战。如果一个市场完全由类似规模的公司组成，在缺乏价格领头的情况下，价格战可能会接踵而至，因为每个竞争者都试图增加其市场份额。

例句3

Price leadership also tends to emerge when there is a high level of consumer demand for a specific product; this results in consumers being drawn away from any competing products. Thus, the price of the specific product that is experiencing high levels of consumer demand becomes the market leader.

当消费者对某一特定产品的需求很高时，价格领头情况也往往会出现；这导致消费者远离任何竞争产品。因此，消费者需求高的特定产品的价格成为市场主导。

例句4

A dominant price leadership model is sometimes referred to as a partial monopoly. In this type of model, the price leader might engage in predatory pricing, which refers to the practice of lowering prices to levels that make it impossible for smaller, competing firms to remain in business. In most countries, business decisions that enact predatory pricing and are aimed at hurting smaller companies are illegal.

占主导地位的价格领头模式有时被称为部分垄断。在这种模式中，价格领导者可能会参与掠夺性定价，即将价格降低到使较小的竞争企业无法继续经营的水平。在大多数国家，旨在损害小公司利益的掠夺性定价商业决策是非法的。

来源：浩宇教育