名词单复数 & 所有格变化口诀:轻松掌握英语名词变形规律

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摘要:名词单复数 & 所有格变化口诀:轻松掌握英语名词变形规律英语名词的单复数和所有格变化是基础语法中的重点,也是易混淆的难点。记住“一读二看三变格”的核心口诀,让名词变形从此不出错!

名词单复数 & 所有格变化口诀:轻松掌握英语名词变形规律

英语名词的单复数和所有格变化是基础语法中的重点,也是易混淆的难点。记住“一读二看三变格”的核心口诀,让名词变形从此不出错!


一读:先读尾音,判定规则


根据名词词尾发音和拼写特征,分类记忆复数变化规律:

1. -f/-fe 结尾:变 v 加 es

口诀:“贼妻贼狼贼自己,小刀树叶全变 v
例词:thief→thieves,wife→wives,wolf→wolves,self→selves,knife→knives,leaf→leaves

2. -o 结尾:分两类记

口诀:“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”加 es
,其余直接加 s

- 加 es:Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes
- 加 s:photo→photos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos

3. -y 结尾:看前字母定变化

口诀:辅音+y 变 ies,元音+y 直接 s


- 辅音+y:city→cities,family→families
- 元音+y:boy→boys,day→days

4. 不规则复数:牢记核心词

口诀:“男人女人孩子牙,脚鹅老鼠全记牢”

例词:man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice

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二看:特殊形态记心间

1. 单复同形

口诀:“羊鱼鹿中日,单复一个样”

例词:sheep(羊),fish(鱼),deer(鹿),Chinese(中国人),Japanese(日本人)

2. 永远复数

口诀:“剪刀裤子眼镜,复数形式永不变”

例词:scissors(剪刀),trousers(裤子),glasses(眼镜)(此类词永远用复数形式,搭配复数动词)

三变格:所有格变化两步走

所有格表示“所属关系”,变化规则分三类:

1. 单数名词:直接加 ’s


例:Tom’s bike(汤姆的自行车),the cat’s tail(猫的尾巴)

2. 复数名词:看是否带 s


- 规则复数(已带 s):只加 ’
例:the students’ books(学生们的书),the two boys’ room(两个男孩的房间)
- 不规则复数(无 s):加 ’s
例:children’s toys(孩子们的玩具),women’s bags(女士们的包)


3. 并列所有格:共有 vs 各自有


- 共有关系:A and B’s + 单数名词(两人共享一物)
例:Lily and Lucy’s room(莉莉和露西共住的房间)
- 各自所有:A’s and B’s + 复数名词(两人分别拥有)
例:Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms(莉莉和露西各自的房间)

一图总览:名词变化速查表

类型 单数形式 复数形式 复数所有格
规则名词 book books books’
不规则名词 child children children’s
以 s 结尾 class classes classes’

口诀 + 经典例题:秒判断正误

每条口诀搭配两道小题,5秒出答案,适合课堂抢答或自测:

口诀1:-f/-fe → v 加 es

例1(选择):The police found two ____ hiding in the woods.
A. thief B. thiefs C. thieves
答案:C(thief 变 f 为 v 加 es)

例2(改错):She bought two new knifes for the kitchen.
答案:knifes → knives

口诀2:-o 结尾分两类

例1(选择):We planted some ____ on the farm.
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes
答案:C(potato 属“英雄土豆类”加 es)

例2(改错):My uncle took lots of photoes during his trip.
答案:photoes → photos(photo 不属特殊类,直接加 s)

口诀3:辅音+y 变 ies;元音+y 直接 s

例1(选择):There are three ____ in our class.
A. boy B. boys C. boies
答案:B(boy 中 y 前是元音 o,直接加 s)

例2(改错):The citys are full of tourists in summer.
答案:citys → cities(y 前是辅音 t,变 ies)

口诀4:不规则复数“男人女人孩子牙脚鹅鼠”

例1(选择):The dentist counted thirty-two white ____.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth
答案:C(tooth 复数为 teeth)

例2(改错):All the childs had their feet measured.
答案:childs → children

口诀5:单复同形“羊鱼鹿中日”

例1(选择):Five ____ are grazing on the hill.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheeps’
答案:B(sheep 单复同形)

例2(改错):We saw three deers in the forest.
答案:deers → deer

口诀6:永远复数“剪刀裤子眼镜”

例1(选择):My ____ are broken; I need a new pair.
A. glass B. glasses C. glasss
答案:B(glasses 永远用复数)

例2(改错):Where is my scissors?
答案:is → are(scissors 搭配复数动词)


口诀7:所有格变化规则

例1(选择):This is the ____ classroom.
A. children B. children’s C. childrens’
答案:B(children 是不规则复数,加 ’s)

例2(改错):The two boys’s bikes are both red.
答案:boys’s → boys’(规则复数已带 s,只加 ’)

高初中英语名词基础/专项改错训练

基础性改错10句(每句1处错误)


1. I bought two new watchs yesterday.
改:watchs → watches(规则变化加 -es)
2. There are three mouses in the lab.
改:mouses → mice(不规则复数)
3. She gave me two useful advices.
改:advices → pieces of advice(不可数名词量化)
4. The childrens are playing football.
改:childrens → children(不规则复数)
5. My mother bought two kilos of potatos.
改:potatos → potatoes(-o 结尾特殊类加 es)
6. He has short hair and big foots.
改:foots → feet(不规则复数)
7. Physics are my favorite subject.
改:are → is(学科名词作单数)
8. I need two breads for breakfast.
改:breads → loaves of bread(不可数名词用量词)
9. The scissor is on the table.
改:scissor → scissors(永远复数)
10. She has many homework to do tonight.
改:many → much(homework 不可数,用 much 修饰)

专项改错20句(聚焦数、格、可数/不可数)

1. There are many informations on the website.
解析:informations→information(不可数名词无复数)
2. The furnitures in the room are new.
解析:furnitures→furniture(furniture 不可数)
3. He gave me many good advices.
解析:advices→advice(不可数名词)
4. The police has caught the thief.
解析:has→have(police 为集体名词,用复数动词)
5. The family is all very well.
解析:is→are(强调整体成员,用复数)
6. Two hundreds students took part in the race.
解析:hundreds→hundred(数词后不加 -s)
7. He bought two dozens eggs.
解析:dozens→dozen(数词+dozen 不加 -s)
8. She has a great deal of friends.
解析:friends→friend(a great deal of 后接不可数名词,改用 a large number of)
9. The number of the pages are 300.
解析:are→is(the number of 作主语,谓语用单数)
10. A number of advice was given.
解析:advice→pieces of advice(a number of 后接可数复数)
11. The childrens are playing in the yard.
解析:childrens→children(不规则复数)
12. Physics are his favourite subject.
解析:are→is(学科名词作单数)
13. The news are exciting.
解析:are→is(news 形式复数,意义单数)
14. He has much friends here.
解析:much→many(friends 是可数复数,用 many 修饰)
15. My trouser is too long.
解析:trouser→trousers(常以复数形式出现)
16. He is a three-years-old boy.
解析:years→year(复合形容词中名词用单数)
17. The teacher’s desks are in the office.
解析:teacher’s→teachers’(复数名词所有格)
18. I visited the Smiths yesterday.
解析:正确(the Smiths 表示“史密斯一家人”)
19. He gave me two spoonfuls of salts.
解析:salts→salt(salt 为不可数物质名词)
20. I need two pieces of breads.
解析:breads→bread(bread 不可数)

高初中英语名词专项试题(单句单空)

1. I need two ____ (knife) to cut the apples.
答案:knives
规则:-fe 结尾名词变复数,f(e) 变 v 加 -es。
2. The ____ (policeman) are searching the building.
答案:policemen
规则:man 类名词复数变 a 为 e。
3. She gave me some good ____ (suggestion).
答案:suggestions
规则:可数名词复数直接加 -s,some 后接复数。
4. There is too much ____ (luggage) in the car.
答案:luggage(不改)
规则:luggage 是不可数名词,无复数。
5. Three ____ (Chinese) visited our school yesterday.
答案:Chinese(不改)
规则:单复数同形名词不变形。
6. The ____ (child) toys are everywhere.
答案:children’s
规则:不规则复数后加 ’s 表所有格。
7. I bought two ____ (loaf) of bread for breakfast.
答案:loaves
规则:-f 结尾 loaf→loaves,f 变 v 加 -es。
8. Physics ____ (be) his strongest subject.
答案:is
规则:学科名词作单数,谓语用 is。
9. The two ____ (Tom) families live next door.
答案:Toms’
规则:人名复数加 -s 后,所有格加 ’。
10. Many ____ (furniture) in the hall are new.
答案:pieces of furniture
规则:不可数名词用“量词+of”表复数。

背熟口诀,多练例题,名词单复数和所有格变化就能轻松掌握,从此语法基础不丢分!

来源:奇速英语

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