中考英语核心考点易错语法独立主格结构选择填空专练附答案解析

摘要：解析：逗号后面是完整句子，前面需用独立主格结构作原因状语。“There be”的独立主格形式是“there being” ，A和D选项是完整的句子结构，C选项because引导原因状语从句，后面不能接独立主格结构，所以选B。

基础题

1. ______ no bus, we had to walk home.

A. There was

B. There being

C. Because there being

D. There were

答案：B

解析：逗号后面是完整句子，前面需用独立主格结构作原因状语。“There be”的独立主格形式是“there being” ，A和D选项是完整的句子结构，C选项because引导原因状语从句，后面不能接独立主格结构，所以选B。

2. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.

A. being tied

B. having tied

C. to be tied

D. tied

答案：D

解析：“with + 宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，hands和tie是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，A选项表示正在被绑，B选项是主动完成，C选项表示将要被绑，都不符合语境，所以选D。

中等题

1. ______, we began our holiday.

A. The test was finished

B. The test being finished

C. Finished the test

D. Having finished the test

答案：B

解析：逗号后是完整句子，前面要用独立主格结构作时间状语。test和finish是被动关系，A选项是句子，C选项没有逻辑主语，D选项是现在分词的完成式，强调主动完成，所以选B，“the test being finished”表示“考试结束后” 。

2. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ______ anything that happened to be on.

A. to watch

B. watching

C. watched

D. to have watched

答案：A

解析：这里考查“形容词+不定式”结构，在“happy to watch anything that happened to be on”中，“happy”是主语补足语，说明主语“the old man”的状态，“to watch”表示原因，“老人每晚坐在电视机前，很高兴看任何正在播放的节目” ，B选项是现在分词表伴随，C选项是过去分词表被动，D选项是不定式的完成式，均不符合语境，所以选A。

难题

1. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March.

A. has been launched

B. having been launched

C. being launched

D. to be launched

答案：B

解析：逗号前是完整句子，后面是独立主格结构。“the most recent”和“launch”是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，所以用现在分词完成式的被动形式，A选项是句子结构，C选项表示正在被发射，D选项表示将要被发射，所以选B。

2. All the tasks ______ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.

A. had been finished

B. were finished

C. having been finished

D. been finished

答案：C

解析：逗号后是完整句子，前面需用独立主格结构作原因状语。ta$sks和finish是被动关系，且动作在“decided”之前已经完成，所以用现在分词完成式的被动形式。A和B选项是句子结构，D选项结构错误，所以选C。

题目

1. The students are listening to the teacher, their eyes ______ on the blackboard.

A. fixing

B. fixed

C. are fixed

D. being fixed

2. ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.

A. There being

B. There were

C. There had been

D. There having been

3. The boy lay on the grass, his eyes ______ at the sky.

A. looking

B. looked

C. to look

D. being looked

4. The problem ______, they all went home happily.

A. settling

B. settled

C. to settle

D. is settled

5. ______ time permitting, we'll go for an outing tomorrow.

A. If

B. When

C. While

D. Time

6. The old man sat in the chair, ______ a newspaper.

A. read

B. reading

C. to read

D. having read

7. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ______ for the day.

A. finishing

B. finished

C. had finished

D. were finished

8. He stood there, his hands ______ in his pockets.

A. putting

B. to put

C. were put

D. put

9. ______ such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

A. Having given

B. Giving

C. Having been given

D. Give

10. The monitor ______, the meeting began.

A. comes

B. coming

C. came

D. having come

11. The meeting ______ over, we all left the room.

A. is

B. to be

C. being

D. would be

12. The job ______, they went home happily.

A. having done

B. being done

C. done

D. was done

13. With the food and water ______, the soldiers are still full of confidence.

A. run out

B. running out

C. to run out

D. was run out

14. ______ from space, the earth looks like a blue ball.

A. Seeing

B. Seen

C. To see

D. Having seen

15. ______ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.

A. Having been told

B. He had been told

C. Though he had been told

D. Having told

16. ______ his key, he couldn't enter the room.

A. Having lost

B. Losing

C. Lost

D. To lose

17. ______ his homework, he went out to play football.

A. Finished

B. Finishing

C. Having finished

D. To finish

18. The teacher came into the classroom, ______ a book in his hand.

A. and hold

B. held

C. to hold

D. holding

19. ______ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days on the farm.

A. Attracting

B. Attracted

C. To be attracted

D. Having attracted

20. The computer center, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

21. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded

B. It was founded

C. Founded

D. Founding

22. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

23. The Olympic Games, ______ in 766 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be first playing

24. ______ more attention, the trees could have grown better.

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

25. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing

B. Having lost

C. Lost

D. To lose

26. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.

A. being tied

B. having tied

C. to be tied

D. tied

27. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ______.

A. hear

B. to hear

C. hearing

D. heard

28. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off.

A. to have stolen

B. to be stealing

C. to steal

D. stealing

29. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited

30. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

A. carry out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out

31. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

A. playing

B. to be playing

C. play

D. to play

32. Paul doesn't have to be made ______. He always works hard.

A. learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

33. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added

B. to add

C. adding

D. added

34. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.

A. making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make

35. When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed

B. completing

C. being completed

D. to be completed

36. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed

B. To dress

C. Dressing

D. Having dressed

37. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ by the hour.

A. pay

B. paying

C. paid

D. to pay

38. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

39. ______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

40. ______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A. To face

B. Having faced

C. Faced

D. Facing

答案与解析

1. 答案：B

- 解析：“their eyes fixed on the blackboard”是独立主格结构，fix与eyes是被动关系，即“眼睛被固定在黑板上” ，所以用过去分词fixed。

2. 答案：A

- 解析：“There being no classes yesterday”是独立主格结构作原因状语，“There be”的独立主格形式是“there being” ，表示“由于昨天没有课”。B选项是完整句子，不能直接与后面句子用逗号连接；C选项时态不对；D选项结构错误。

3. 答案：A

- 解析：“his eyes looking at the sky”是独立主格结构，look与eyes是主动关系，即“眼睛看” ，所以用现在分词looking。

4. 答案：B

- 解析：“The problem settled”是独立主格结构，settle与problem是被动关系，“问题被解决” ，用过去分词settled。

5. 答案：D

- 解析：“Time permitting”是独立主格结构，相当于If time permits，“如果时间允许” ，其他选项不符合独立主格结构的表达。

6. 答案：B

- 解析：这里不是独立主格结构，而是现在分词作伴随状语，“reading a newspaper”与“sat in the chair”同时发生，且read与主语the old man是主动关系。

7. 答案：B

- 解析：“their lessons finished for the day”是独立主格结构，finish与lessons是被动关系，“当天的课程结束了” ，用过去分词finished。

8. 答案：D

- 解析：“his hands put in his pockets”是独立主格结构，put与hands是被动关系，“手被放进口袋” ，put的过去分词还是put。

9. 答案：C

- 解析：句子主语she与give是被动关系，且“被给予机会”发生在“让机会溜走”之前，所以用现在分词完成式的被动形式Having been given。

10. 答案：D

- 解析：“The monitor having come”是独立主格结构，“班长来了”发生在“会议开始”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。

11. 答案：C

- 解析：“The meeting being over”是独立主格结构作时间状语，“会议结束” ，be与meeting是主动关系，用现在分词being。

12. 答案：C

- 解析：“The job done”是独立主格结构，do与job是被动关系，“工作完成” ，用过去分词done。

13. 答案：B

- 解析：“With the food and water running out”是“with + 宾语+宾补”结构，run out是不及物动词短语，“食物和水快用完了” ，用现在分词running out作宾补。

14. 答案：B

- 解析：句子主语the earth与see是被动关系，“从太空看，地球像个蓝色的球” ，所以用过去分词Seen。

15. 答案：B

- 解析：句中有but连接两个并列句，A和D选项是分词结构，不能与but连用；C选项though不能与but同时使用，所以选B，“He had been told many times”是完整句子。

16. 答案：A

- 解析：句子主语he与lose是主动关系，且“丢钥匙”发生在“不能进房间”之前，所以用现在分词完成式Having lost。

17. 答案：C

- 解析：句子主语he与finish是主动关系，且“完成作业”发生在“出去踢足球”之前，所以用现在分词完成式Having finished。

18. 答案：D

- 解析：这里不是独立主格结构，而是现在分词作伴随状语，“holding a book in his hand”与“came into the classroom”同时发生，且hold与主语the teacher是主动关系。

19. 答案：B

- 解析：句子主语the girl与attract是被动关系，“被自然之美吸引” ，所以用过去分词Attracted。

20. 答案：D

- 解析：“The computer center opened last year”是过去分词短语作后置定语，open与center是被动关系，“去年被开办的计算机中心” 。

21. 答案：C

- 解析：句子主语Harvard与found是被动关系，“哈佛大学被建于1636年” ，所以用过去分词Founded。

22. 答案：D

- 解析：“The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language”是过去分词短语作后置定语，write与textbooks是被动关系，“被编写用于英语外语教学的第一批教科书” 。

23. 答案：C

- 解析：“The Olympic Games first played in 766 B.C.”是过去分词短语作后置定语，play与The Olympic Games是被动关系，“首次在公元前766年举办的奥运会” 。

24. 答案：A

- 解析：句子主语the trees与give是被动关系，“如果被给予更多关注，树会长得更好” ，所以用过去分词Given。

25. 答案：C

- 解析：“Lost in thought”是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于Because he was lost in thought，“陷入沉思” ，用过去分词lost。

26. 答案：D

- 解析：“with his hands tied behind his back”是“with + 宾语+宾补”结构，tie与hands是被动关系，“手被绑在背后” ，用过去分词tied。

27. 答案：D

- 解析：“make oneself heard”表示“让自己被听到” ，hear与himself是被动关系，所以用过去分词heard。

28. 答案：D

- 解析：“caught stealing”是固定用法，“catch sb. doing sth.”表示“抓住某人正在做某事” ，这里是被动形式“sb. be caught doing sth.”。

29. 答案：A

- 解析：“Most of the artists invited to the party”是过去分词短语作后置定语，invite与artists是被动关系，“被邀请参加派对的大多数艺术家” 。

30. 答案：C

- 解析：“see the plan carried out”，carry out与the plan是被动关系，“看到计划被实施” ，用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。

31. 答案：A

- 解析：“were last seen playing near the river”表示“最后一次被看见时正在河边玩” ，see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事” ，这里是被动语态。

32. 答案：B

- 解析：“make sb. do sth.”变成被动语态是“sb. be made to do sth.” ，所以选B。

33. 答案：C

- 解析：这里不是独立主格结构，而是现在分词作伴随状语，“adding that he had enjoyed his stay here”与“expressed his satisfaction with the talks”同时发生，且add与主语The visiting Minister是主动关系。

34. 答案：A

- 解析：这里不是独立主格结构，而是现在分词作结果状语，“making it the most popular sport in the world”表示“使得它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动” ，make与前面整个句子表示的情况是主动关系。

35. 答案：A

- 解析：句子主语the museum与complete是被动关系，“当被完成时，博物馆明年将向公众开放” ，所以用过去分词completed，when completed相当于when it is completed。

36. 答案：A

- 解析：“Dressed in a white uniform”是过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于Because he is dressed in a white uniform，“穿着白色制服” ，用过去分词dressed。

37. 答案：C

- 解析：“get paid”表示“得到报酬” ，pay与Cleaning women是被动关系，所以用过去分词paid。

38. 答案：C

- 解析：“remain seated”表示“保持就座的状态” ，seated是形容词，相当于be seated ，表示状态。

39. 答案：A

- 解析：“Given the general state of his health”是固定用法，“考虑到他的总体健康状况” ，given在这里是介词。