摘要：can/could：can表“能、会”（现在时，能力/许可）；could是can的过去式，也可表“委婉请求”（回答仍用can）。例：He can swim. / Could you help me?

小升初英语情态动词十五个辨析及四十道易错选择填空专练

一、十五个情态动词核心辨析

1. can/could：can表“能、会”（现在时，能力/许可）；could是can的过去式，也可表“委婉请求”（回答仍用can）。例：He can swim. / Could you help me?

2. may/might：may表“可以”（许可）、“可能”（推测）；might语气更弱，表“或许”（推测），过去式为might。例：You may go now. / It might rain.

3. must/have to：must表“必须”（主观意愿），否定“mustn’t”（禁止）；have to表“不得不”（客观要求），过去式“had to”。例：I must study. / It’s late, I have to go.

4. will/would：will表“将要”（将来时）、“愿意”；would是will的过去式，也可表“委婉请求/习惯”。例：I will go tomorrow. / Would you like tea?

5. shall/should：shall用于第一人称表“建议/将来”；should表“应该”（责任/建议），否定“shouldn’t”。例：Shall we go? / You should work hard.

6. need：可作情态动词（“需要”，否定“needn’t”，仅用于否定/疑问句）或实义动词（“need to do”）。例：Need I go? / You need to finish it.

7. had better：表“最好做某事”，后接动词原形，否定“had better not do”。例：You had better hurry.

8. used to：表“过去常常做某事”（现在不做了），后接动词原形，否定“didn’t use to”。例：He used to play football.

二、四十道易错选择填空专练

1. — ______ I borrow your pen?

— Sure, here you are.

A. Must B. Should C. May D. Need

2. You ______ be quiet in the library. It’s a rule.

A. can B. must C. may D. would

3. He ______ swim when he was five. Now he swims very well.

A. can B. could C. will D. should

4. — ______ you like to go to the park with me?

— Yes, I’d love to.

A. Will B. Would C. Shall D. May

5. It’s raining heavily. We ______ stay at home.

A. have to B. must C. may D. can

6. You ______ eat too much candy. It’s bad for your teeth.

A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. must D. may

7. — ______ we go to the zoo this weekend?

— Good idea!

A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Can

8. She ______ speak English well, but she ______ speak Japanese.

A. can; can’t B. may; mustn’t C. should; needn’t D. will; wouldn’t

9. He ______ get up early, but now he gets up late.

A. used to B. has to C. must D. would

10. — Need I finish the work today?

— No, you ______. You can finish it tomorrow.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t

11. You ______ better take an umbrella. It may rain.

A. had B. would C. should D. could

12. — ______ he come to the party tonight?

— I’m not sure. He ______ be busy.

A. Will; might B. May; must C. Should; can D. Can; will

13. They ______ not play football on the road. It’s dangerous.

A. can B. may C. must D. need

14. I ______ go to the supermarket yesterday because we had no milk.

A. have to B. had to C. must D. should

15. — ______ you help me carry the box?

— Of course.

A. Could B. Must C. Need D. Should

16. You ______ be tired after walking for three hours. Sit down and rest.

A. can B. must C. may D. should

17. She ______ like singing when she was young, but now she likes dancing.

A. used to B. would C. should D. had to

18. — ______ I use your phone? Mine is dead.

— Yes, you can.

A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Should

19. We ______ not waste water. It’s precious.

A. should B. need C. may D. can

20. He ______ not come to school yesterday. He was ill.

A. must B. could C. need D. had to

21. — ______ we finish the homework now?

— No, we ______. We can do it after dinner.

A. Must; needn’t B. Should; mustn’t C. Can; shouldn’t D. May; can’t

22. You ______ take the book home, but you ______ return it in a week.

A. may; must B. can; need C. should; may D. would; should

23. It ______ rain this afternoon. Take an umbrella just in case.

A. must B. might C. will D. should

24. He ______ play the piano, but he ______ play the guitar.

A. can; can B. can’t; can C. may; mustn’t D. should; needn’t

25. — Would you like to go shopping with me?

— I’m sorry, I ______. I have to do my homework.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

26. You ______ better not watch TV too late. It’s bad for your eyes.

A. would B. had C. should D. could

27. They ______ go to the museum last Sunday because it was closed.

A. can’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

28. — ______ he speak French?

— Yes, he ______ speak it very well.

A. Can; can B. May; may C. Must; must D. Should; should

29. We ______ respect our parents and teachers.

A. can B. may C. should D. will

30. — Need we clean the classroom now?

— Yes, you ______. The teacher will check it soon.

A. must B. need C. can D. may

31. It’s too late. You ______ go to bed now.

A. must B. may C. can D. would

32. She ______ not like spicy food. She never eats chili.

33. — ______ you come to my birthday party?

— I hope I ______, but I’m not sure.

A. Will; can B. Would; may C. Shall; will D. Can; must

34. He ______ get up at 6 o’clock every morning, but today he got up at 7 o’clock.

35. You ______ not touch the hot water. You may get burned.

36. — ______ I ask you a question?

— Sure, go ahead.

A. Must B. May C. Should D. Need

37. We ______ go to the cinema tonight. Let’s see a new movie.

A. will B. must C. need D. should

38. She ______ not swim, so she ______ stay away from the deep water.

A. can; must B. may; should C. should; can D. must; may

39. He ______ not go out last night because he had to finish his report.

A. can B. could C. need D. had to

40. — ______ we go for a walk after dinner?

— That’s a good idea.

A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. May

三、参考答案及解析

1. C 解析：表委婉请求“可以借你的笔吗”，用may，符合日常交际语境。

2. B 解析：图书馆“必须安静”是规则，表主观强制要求，用must。

3. B 解析：“五岁时会游泳”是过去的能力，用can的过去式could。

4. B 解析：“Would you like to do...”是固定句型，表委婉邀请。

5. A 解析：“下大雨”是客观原因，“不得不待在家”，用have to（客观要求）。

6. A 解析：“吃太多糖对牙齿不好”，表建议“不应该”，用shouldn’t。

7. B 解析：第一人称表建议“我们周末去动物园好吗”，用shall。

8. A 解析：前半句“会说英语”用can，后半句“不会说日语”用can’t，符合逻辑。

9. A 解析：“过去早起，现在晚起”，表过去习惯，用used to。

10. B 解析：need引导的疑问句，否定回答用needn’t（不必）。

11. A 解析：“had better do”是固定搭配，表“最好做某事”。

12. A 解析：前半句“今晚会不会来”用will，后半句“可能忙”表推测，用might。

13. C 解析：“路上踢足球危险”，表禁止“不可以”，用mustn’t。

14. B 解析：“昨天没牛奶，不得不去超市”，过去的客观要求，用had to（have to的过去式）。

15. A 解析：表委婉请求“能帮我搬箱子吗”，用could，语气比can更礼貌。

16. B 解析：“走了三小时”，表肯定推测“一定累了”，用must。

17. A 解析：“年轻时喜欢唱歌，现在喜欢跳舞”，表过去习惯，用used to。

18. C 解析：表请求“能借你的手机吗”，用can，回答也用can，呼应一致。

19. A 解析：“水很珍贵”，表建议“不应该浪费”，用shouldn’t。

20. B 解析：“昨天生病没来上学”，过去的能力“不能来”，用couldn’t。

21. A 解析：前半句“必须现在完成作业吗”用must，否定回答“不必”用needn’t。

22. A 解析：“可以把书带回家”用may（许可），“一周内必须还”用must（强制要求），符合逻辑。

23. B 解析：“下午可能下雨”，表不确定的推测，用might（语气比may弱）。

24. B 解析：前半句“不会弹钢琴”用can’t，后半句“会弹吉他”用can，形成对比。

25. A 解析：“抱歉，不能去购物，因为要写作业”，表能力/客观限制“不能”，用can’t。

26. B 解析：“had better not do”是固定搭配，表“最好不做某事”。

27. B 解析：“上周日博物馆关门，不能去”，过去的能力“不能”，用couldn’t。

28. A 解析：“会说法语吗”用can，“能说得很好”也用can，呼应一致。

29. C 解析：“应该尊重父母和老师”，表责任/建议，用should。

30. B 解析：need引导的疑问句，肯定回答用need（需要），或must（必须），此处need更贴合“需要现在打扫”。

31. A 解析：“太晚了，现在必须睡觉”，表强制要求，用must。

32. B 解析：“从不吃辣椒”，表肯定推测“一定不喜欢辣的”，用mustn’t（此处表“肯定不”，用于否定推测）。

33. A 解析：前半句“会不会来生日派对”用will，后半句“希望能来”用can，符合语境。

34. D 解析：“每天早上六点起床”是过去的习惯，用would（表过去反复的动作），used to也可，但would更侧重“习惯性动作”。

35. C 解析：“热水会烫伤”，表禁止“不许碰”，用mustn’t。

36. B 解析：表委婉请求“能问你一个问题吗”，用may，语气礼貌。

37. A 解析：“今晚去看电影”，表将来计划“将要去”，用will。

38. A 解析：“不会游泳”用can’t，“必须远离深水”用must（强制要求），符合逻辑。

39. B 解析：“昨晚要写报告，不能出去”，过去的能力“不能”，用couldn’t。

40. B 解析：第一人称表建议“晚饭后去散步好吗”，用shall。

来源：蒙古元素