摘要：在人类医学的璀璨星空中，中医宛如一颗独特而神秘的星辰，散发着与西方医学截然不同的光芒。世界上，没有任何一种医学如中医这般深度依赖哲学，它宛如一座建立在哲学基石上的宏伟殿堂，蕴含着无尽的智慧与奥秘。
在人类医学的璀璨星空中，中医宛如一颗独特而神秘的星辰，散发着与西方医学截然不同的光芒。世界上，没有任何一种医学如中医这般深度依赖哲学，它宛如一座建立在哲学基石上的宏伟殿堂，蕴含着无尽的智慧与奥秘。
中医：哲学铸就的独特诊疗体系
中医有着“一物降一物”的神奇理念，仿佛在纷繁复杂的疾病世界中，总能找到对应的解药。这并非虚言，而是中医基于哲学基础构建的诊疗模型在发挥作用。只要疾病遇到了正确的中医疾病认知模型和治疗模型，就有被攻破的可能，这也是掌握中医后能治疗各种疾病甚至未知疾病的原因所在。
中医的哲学观点和思想犹如一张精密的大网，涵盖了多个核心内容。阴阳五行学说便是这张网的重要经纬，阴阳对立统一，认为万物皆有阴阳两面，二者相互对立又依存，动态平衡才是生命活动的根本规律。就像人体的生理机能，阴阳协调则身体健康，阴阳失衡便会引发疾病。五行相生相克，通过木、火、土、金、水的生克关系，阐释事物之间的联系与变化，并应用于脏腑功能及病理分析。例如，肝属木，心属火，木生火，若肝的功能失调，可能会影响心的功能，出现心肝火旺等症状。
整体观与系统论是中医的又一重要特色。人体内外统一，强调人体各脏腑经络相互关联，并与自然环境紧密联系，形成“天人合一”的整体观。就像四季变化会影响人体的生理和病理，春季属木，风邪易侵，人们容易出现肝气不舒、外感风邪等症状。系统归属论则注重整体性，通过辨类与归属分析人体系统关系，而非西式的还原论。中医将人体看作一个有机的整体，从整体上把握疾病的发生发展。
气一元论与动态平衡思想贯穿于中医的始终。“气”被认为是构成和维持生命的基本物质，其运行如气血津液，决定着健康状态。“治中焦如衡”强调用药需平衡脾胃功能，恢复气机稳态。就像一个精密的机器，各个部件的气机运行顺畅，机器才能正常运转。
辨证观与动态思维是中医诊疗的精髓。辨证论治通过四诊合参（望闻问切）分析个体差异，动态调整治疗方案。同一个疾病，在不同的人身上可能表现出不同的症状，中医会根据具体情况进行辨证施治。流变与转化注重疾病发展中的矛盾转化，如虚实寒热的动态演变。疾病就像一场不断变化的战斗，中医要随时根据战场形势调整战略。
人文哲学融合为中医增添了深厚的文化底蕴。和谐为本，中医哲学与中国传统文化相通，追求“中和”境界，反对极端。就像中医治疗讲究适度，既不过度治疗，也不忽视病情。分形观认为局部与整体具有相似性，如经络分形，体现系统自相似特征，这展示了中医对生命规律的深刻洞察。
这些哲学思想共同构建了中医独特的理论体系，指导着其临床实践与养生理念。据统计，中医在治疗一些慢性疾病和功能性疾病方面有着显著的优势。例如，在调理脾胃虚弱、失眠、月经不调等方面，中医通过辨证论治，采用中药、针灸、推拿等综合治疗方法，往往能取得良好的效果。许多患者经过中医的治疗，不仅症状得到了改善，而且身体素质也得到了提高。
哲学与科学：从前瞻到引领的跨越
罗素在晚年所著的《哲学问题》中，深入探讨了哲学和科学的关系。他指出，哲学是科学问题的前瞻性、非确定性讨论。就像数学几何学，当年都是毕达哥拉斯和欧几里德这一批哲学家缔造的。他们当初绝不是为了缔造科学应用工具，而是试图寻求这个世界存在的本质。他们是纯粹的哲学产物，尽管如今成为了我们整个科学工具最基本的思维方式。
原子论便是一个典型的例子。在人类距离真正精确研究原子问题之前2000多年，哲学家在纯逻辑上就已经推导出世界万物是由一种或若干种基本元素构成的。当时，它不可能具备非常严谨的原子模型，也无法进行确定性数理处理。但我们今天物理学所探讨的原子物理学、粒子物理学的所有问题，其实都是2500年前原子论者留基伯和德谟克利特所提出的问题，迄今物理学前沿还没有探讨完毕。这充分说明了哲学的前瞻性，它是在信息量不足的情况下提前探讨问题，为科学的发展奠定了基础。
哲学问题就像是科学问题的先遣队，它带着探索的勇气和智慧，在未知的领域中开辟道路。而科学则是在哲学的基础上，不断积累信息，进行验证和发展。就像建造一座大厦，哲学是设计蓝图，科学则是按照蓝图进行施工。
后科学时代：哲学的延续与新使命
随着时代的发展，我们正逐渐步入后科学时代。在这个时代，信息量呈现出爆炸式的增长。科学时代但凡见到能够整顿成模型的信息量，便立即加以建模验证。而后科学时代则需要对超大信息量具有筛选鉴别能力，要能够确定更大信息量所带来的实际文化效应的远期预判。这是科学根本做不到的。
人类自有文明史以来，历来是眼前处理问题，能够当前处理问题有效，就视为建树，可它的远期效果是什么，我们根本无从判定。就像一些化学药物在治疗疾病的同时，可能会带来一些潜在的副作用，这些副作用在当时可能并不明显，但随着时间的推移，可能会对人体造成严重的影响。而哲学作为科学的前瞻，在信息量不足的情况下提前探讨问题，将在后科学时代继续发挥其重要作用，只不过它表达的后果不是科学前瞻，而是后科学前瞻。
未来哲学将对后科学时代文化再造继续发挥功能的重大思路导向作用。它就像一位智慧的引路人，引导我们在海量的信息中寻找正确的方向，避免被信息的洪流所淹没。例如，在面对基因编辑、人工智能等新兴技术时，哲学可以帮助我们思考这些技术带来的伦理、社会和文化问题，引导我们在追求科技进步的同时，不失去人性的关怀和道德的底线。
传承与创新：中医与哲学的时代担当
在今天这个科学时代，我们有必要继续保持哲学的前瞻性探究精神。中医作为哲学与医学完美结合的典范，承载着传承和创新的双重使命。
一方面，我们要深入挖掘中医哲学思想的内涵，将其与现代科学技术相结合。例如，利用现代医学的研究方法，对中医的经络学说、气血理论等进行深入研究，揭示其背后的科学机制。通过现代科技手段，我们可以更准确地观察人体的生理和病理变化，为中医的诊断和治疗提供更科学的依据。
另一方面，我们要将中医的哲学思想传播到世界各地，让更多的人了解和认识中医的独特魅力。中医不仅是中国的瑰宝，也是全人类的共同财富。在全球健康问题日益突出的今天，中医的整体观念、辨证论治等理念，为解决全球健康问题提供了新的思路和方法。例如，中医在抗击新冠疫情中发挥了重要作用，其独特的诊疗方法和预防理念得到了国际社会的广泛认可。
同时，我们也要在哲学的指引下，不断创新和发展中医。面对后科学时代的挑战和机遇，中医要敢于突破传统的束缚，积极探索新的诊疗方法和技术。例如，结合人工智能、大数据等技术，开发中医智能诊断系统，提高中医的诊断准确性和效率。
中医与哲学的紧密结合，是人类智慧的结晶。在未来的发展中，我们要充分发挥中医哲学的优势，传承和创新中医文化，让中医这颗璀璨的明珠在后科学时代绽放出更加耀眼的光芒。让我们怀着对生命的敬畏和对真理的追求，在中医哲学的指引下，探索健康的新境界，为人类的健康事业做出更大的贡献。因为，在这条充满挑战和机遇的道路上，每一次的探索和创新，都将是人类智慧的闪耀，都将为我们打开一扇通往更健康、更美好未来的大门。
作者简介：梁世杰 中医高年资主治医师，本科学历，从事中医临床工作24年，积累了较丰富的临床经验。师从首都医科大学附属北京中医院肝病科主任医师、著名老中医陈勇，侍诊多载，深得器重，尽得真传！擅用“商汤经方分类疗法”、专病专方结合“焦树德学术思想”“关幼波十纲辨证”学术思想治疗疑难杂症为特色。现任北京树德堂中医研究院研究员，北京中医药薪火传承新3+3工程—焦树德门人（陈勇）传承工作站研究员，国际易联易学与养生专委会常务理事，中国中医药研究促进会焦树德学术传承专业委员会委员，中国药文化研究会中医药慢病防治分会首批癌症领域入库专家。荣获2020年中国中医药研究促进会仲景医学分会举办的第八届医圣仲景南阳论坛“经方名医”荣誉称号。2023年首届京津冀“扁鹊杯”燕赵医学研究主题征文优秀奖获得者。事迹入选《当代科学家》杂志、《中华英才》杂志。
Liang Shijie: Exploring the secret of philosophy of Chinese medicine, enlightening new thinking in the post-scientific era
Among the bright stars of human medicine, Chinese medicine is like a unique and mysterious star, radiating a very different light from Western medicine. No other medicine in the world relies as deeply on philosophy as traditional Chinese medicine, which is like a grand temple built on the foundation of philosophy, containing endless wisdom and mysteries.
Philosophy of Chinese medicine: a unique diagnosis and treatment system
Chinese medicine has the magic concept of "one thing reduces one thing," as if in the complex world of diseases, a counter-drug can always be found. This is not a lie, but the model of therapy built by traditional Chinese medicine on a philosophical basis is at work. As long as the disease encounters the correct TCM disease cognitive model and treatment model, it is possible to be broken, which is the reason why it can treat various diseases and even unknown diseases after mastering TCM.
The philosophical views and ideas of traditional Chinese medicine are like a sophisticated web that covers several core content. The theory of yin and yang, which is the important boundaries of this network, holds that yin and yang are opposed and unified, and that all things have two sides, the two are opposed to and dependent on each other, and dynamic balance is the fundamental law of life activities. Just like the physiology of the human body, yin and yang coordination leads to healthy body, and yin and yang imbalance can lead to disease. The theory of mutual generation of five phases explains the relationship and variation of things through the relationship of generation and restriction of wood, fire, earth, metal and water. For example, the liver is wood, the heart is fire, wood generating fire, if the liver dysfunction, may affect the function of the heart, heart fire and other symptoms.
The holistic view and system theory are another important feature of traditional Chinese medicine. The internal and external unity of the human body emphasizes that the various internal organs and meridians of the human human body are interrelated and closely related to the natural environment, forming a holistic view of "heaven and man are united." Just as the changes of the four seasons affect the physiology and pathology of the human body, spring is a wood, and the wind is very infested, and people are prone to symptoms such as liver discomfort and external sickness. System attribution theory focuses on holisticity and analyzes human system relationships through classification and attribution, rather than Western-style reductionism. TCM regards the human body as an organic whole and grasps the occurrence and development of diseases in a holistic manner.
Qi monism and the idea of dynamic balance have been applied throughout traditional Chinese medicine. "Qi" is considered to be the basic material to constitute and maintain lives, and its operation, such as blood and body fluid, determines the state of health. "The treatment is anxious and balanced" emphasizes that the medication needs to balance the spleen function and restore the steady state of the atmosphere. Just like a precision machine, the air engine of the various components runs smoothly so that the machine can operate normally.
Dialectics and dynamic thinking are the essence of traditional Chinese medicine. Dialectical therapy analyzes individual differences through four comprehensive consultations (witness and ask questions) and dynamically adjusts the treatment plan. The same disease may exhibit different symptoms in different people, and traditional Chinese medicine will apply dialectical treatment according to the specific situation. Rheumatic and transformation focuses on the transformation of contradictions in the development of disease, such as the dynamic evolution of false cold and hot. Disease is like a constantly changing battle, and traditional Chinese medicine must adjust its strategy according to the situation on the battlefield at all times.
The integration of humanities and philosophies adds a deep cultural heritage to traditional Chinese medicine. Based on harmony, the philosophy of Chinese medicine is interlinked with Chinese traditional culture, pursuing the realm of "neutralization" and opposing extreme. Just as traditional Chinese medicine is concerned with moderation, neither overtreatment nor neglect of the condition. The phallic view believes that the local and the whole have similarities, such as meridian phallic, reflecting system-like characteristics, which demonstrates the profound insight of traditional Chinese medicine into the laws of life.
Together, these philosophical ideas have built the unique theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, guiding its clinical practice and philosophy of nursing. According to statistics, traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of some chronic and functional diseases. For example, in regulating the deficiency of spleen and stomach, sleeplessness, irregular menstruation and so on, TCM can often achieve good results through differentiation of symptoms and signs, combined with traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage and so on. Many patients who have undergone the treatment of TCM have not only improved their symptoms, but also improved physical fitness.
Philosophy and Science: The Transition from Foresight to Leading
In his later years, Russell explored in depth the relationship between philosophy and science in Question of Philosophy. He pointed out that the philosophical problem in science is a prospective, uncertain discussion. Like mathematical geometry, it was created by philosophers like Pythagoras and Euclid. They were not intended to create tools for scientific applications, but to seek the nature of the world's existence. They are purely philosophical products, although they are now the most basic way of thinking of our entire scientific tool.
Atomism is a classic example. More than 2,000 years before mankind really studied the atomic problem with precision, philosophers had deduced from pure logic that everything in the world consisted of one or a few basic elements. At that time, it could not have a very rigorous atomic model, nor could it perform deterministic mathematical processing. But all the problems in atomic physics and particle physics that we are discussing in physics today are actually problems raised by the atomists Reuben and Democritus 2,500 years ago, and the frontiers of physics have not yet been explored. This fully illustrates the philosophical foresight, it is in the case of insufficient amount of information in advance to explore the issue.
The philosophical problem is like the advance party of the problem in science. With the courage and wisdom to explore, it opens the way in the unknown field. Science, on the basis of philosophy, constantly accumulates information, verifies and develops. Like building a building, philosophy is the design of a blueprint, and science is the construction of a building according to the blueprint.
The Post-Science Age: The Continuation and New Mission of Philosophy
With the development of the times, we are gradually entering the post-science era. In this day and age, the amount of information is exploding. Whenever the scientific age sees an amount of information that can be modelled, it is immediately modelled and verified. In the post-scientific era, it is necessary to be able to sift and distinguish the huge amount of information and to be able to determine the long-term prediction of the actual cultural impact of the larger amount of information. This is something science simply cannot do.
Since the history of civilization, human beings have always handled problems in the immediate sense. To be able to handle problems effectively in the present is to be considered a achievement, but what its long-term effects are, we have no way of determining. For example, some chemical drugs may have some potential side effects while treating illnesses. These side effects may not be obvious at the time, but may cause serious effects over time. It will continue to play an important role in the post-scientific era, but the consequences it expresses are not scientific foresight, but post-scientific foresight.
The future of philosophy will play a major thought-directing role in the continuing function of cultural regeneration in the post-science era. It is like a wise guide, guiding us in the right direction amid the mountains of information and avoiding being overwhelmed by the flood of information. For example, in the face of emerging technologies such as gene editing and artificial intelligence, philosophy can help us reflect on the ethical, social, and cultural issues these technologies pose, guiding us to pursue technological progress without losing our human concerns and ethical boundaries.
Tradition and Innovation: The Timely Accountability of Chinese Medicine and Philosophy
In today's scientific age, it is necessary to maintain the forward-looking spirit of philosophy. As an example of the perfect combination of philosophy and medicine, traditional Chinese medicine carries the dual mission of inheritance and innovation.
On the one hand, we should dig deeply the connotation of philosophy of Chinese medicine and combine it with modern scientific technique. For example, using modern medical research methods, in-depth research is conducted on the theory of meridians, qi and blood, etc. of traditional Chinese medicine, to reveal the scientific mechanism behind it. Through modern technology, we can more accurately observe the physiological and pathological changes of the human body, providing a more scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
On the other hand, we should spread the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine to all parts of the world so that more people can understand and realize the unique charm of traditional medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine is not only a treasure of China, but also a common treasure of all mankind. At a time when global health problems are becoming more and more prominent, the holistic concept of traditional Chinese medicine, dialectical healing and other concepts have provided new ideas and methods for solving global health problems. For example, traditional Chinese medicine has played an important role in the fight against COVID-19, and its unique approach to diagnosis and treatment and prevention concepts have been widely recognized by the international community.
At the same time, we must continue to innovate and develop traditional Chinese medicine under the guidance of philosophy. Facing the challenges and opportunities of the post-scientific era, traditional medicine must dare to break through the boundaries of tradition and actively explore new methods and technologies of diagnosis and treatment. For example, combine artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies to develop intelligent diagnostic systems for traditional Chinese medicine to improve the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of traditional Chinese Medicine.
The close combination of Chinese medicine and philosophy is the crystallization of human wisdom. In the coming years, we should give full play to the advantages of the philosophy of Chinese medicine, inherit and innovate the traditional Chinese medicine, so that the bright pearl of Chinese medicine will shine more brightly in the post-scientific era. Under the guidance of the philosophy of Chinese medicine, let us explore a new realm of heath and make greater contributions to the heath cause of mankind. Because on this path of challenges and opportunities, every exploration and innovation will be a shining example of human ingenuity and open the door to a healthier and better future.
Author Bio: Liang Shijie is a senior medical practitioner in traditional Chinese medicine with an undergraduate degree. He has been engaged in traditional medicine clinical work for 24 years and has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. Following Chen Yong, chief physician of liver disease at Beijing Traditional Medicine Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, and renowned old Chinese medicine, he has been treated for many years and received great attention. He specializes in the treatment of difficult diseases using "conversational traditional therapy" and special treatments combined with the academic ideas of Jiao Shude and Guan Yubo's ten-level diagnosis.He is currently a researcher at the Shude Tang TCM Research Institute in Beijing, a fellow at the new 3 + 3 project of traditional Chinese medicine flame inheritance in Beijing - a scholar at the inheritance workstation of Jiao Shude's protégés (Chen Yong),He is a standing committee member of the International Expert Committee on E-learning and Health Care, a member of the Jiao Shude Academic Heritage Special Committee of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine Research, and the first cancer specialist to be included in the chapter of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Culture Research Association. Won the 2020 China Association for the Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Medical Branch held the eighth session of the Medical Saint Zhongjing Nanyang Forum "Classic Prescription Famous Doctor" honorary title. The winner of the first Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei "Pingui Cup" Yanzhao Medical Research Essay Award in 2023. His work was featured in the journal Current Scientist and the journal Chinese Talent.
来源：首都专家梁世杰一点号
