摘要：2025年8月28日，美国有线电视新闻网通过对毕业生、教育机构和雇主的采访深度分析了人工智能取代计算机等学科毕业生的风险及其带来的就业机会，以及教育机构采取的应对措施，极具参考意义。主要内容如下：
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2025年8月28日，美国有线电视新闻网通过对毕业生、教育机构和雇主的采访深度分析了人工智能取代计算机等学科毕业生的风险及其带来的就业机会，以及教育机构采取的应对措施，极具参考意义。主要内容如下：
毕即失业：不少计算机等学科毕业生忧心忡忡
一、人工智能大量减少计算机等学科毕业生的就业机会，一些专业会否过时？
亚伯拉罕·卢比奥从小就梦想成为一名软件工程师。在游戏平台《我的世界》上，他热衷于钻研“模组”：玩家自行制作的游戏修改程序，可改变角色外观等游戏元素。最终，他不再满足于发现新模组，而是希望自己动手开发。
这份早期的热情促使他前往新泽西州蒙特克莱尔州立大学布卢姆菲尔德学院学习编程，并于今年5月获得计算机科学与游戏编程学位。
但事实证明，找到一份软件开发工作并不容易。卢比奥自毕业以来已申请了20个岗位，至今仍未收到录用通知。
他表示，“我几乎每天都上领英不停浏览，想看看有哪些工作机会，大多数公司都没有给我任何回复”。
多年来，随着硅谷蓬勃发展，各类企业纷纷投入新技术研发，计算机科学学位甚至是编程训练营颁发的证书，似乎都是进入这个快节奏行业、获得稳定高薪工作的“黄金门票”。但近年来，就业岗位的竞争愈发激烈，机会也更难寻觅。
牛津经济研究院在5月的一份报告中发现，2022年以来，计算机科学与数学领域的应届毕业生就业率下降了8%。圣路易斯联邦储备银行分享的招聘网站Indeed数据显示，2022年2月至2025年8月期间，该网站上软件开发岗位的招聘信息减少了71%。
随着科技界竞相推动人工智能技术发展，一些应届毕业生表示，现在进入这个行业似乎恰逢一个格外令人兴奋的时期。然而，人工智能也让企业得以实现部分编码和软件开发流程的自动化，从而减少了对人力的需求，尤其是入门级岗位的需求。
尽管科技巨头的市值持续飙升，但近年来许多公司都经历了多轮裁员，力求用更少的人完成更多工作，而人工智能进一步加速了这一趋势。例如，微软公司上月成为第二家市值突破4万亿美元的企业。但就在几周前，该公司还宣布将裁员9000人，这已是近几个月来的第三轮裁员。微软首席执行官萨提亚·纳德拉在4月表示，微软多达30%的代码正由人工智能编写。
去年毕业于马萨诸塞州埃尔姆斯学院的胡里奥·罗德里格斯说：“科技行业的工作本身不错，但我得说，现在的就业市场让人觉得，想找到一份这样的工作几乎不可能”。他表示在他于今年夏天早些时候找到数据工程师的工作前，他递交了超过150份申请。他补充道：“而且就算找到了，你也会担心很多公司正在进行的大规模裁员。”
美国有线电视新闻网采访了六位求职者，了解他们如何应对当前的就业市场；同时也采访了培养行业下一代工程师的教育工作者、现任程序员以及科技行业领导者，探讨计算机科学学位是否会变得过时。
毕业生在与人工智能争抢就业机会？
二、求职者心声：“感觉为了踏入行业门槛，我都在和人工智能竞争”
尼克·维诺库尔去年12月从密歇根大学获得计算机科学学位后，就拿到了一份理想工作：数据标注初创公司斯凯尔人工智能聘请他担任战略项目负责人，他原定于今年8月入职。他说:
“我当时特别兴奋，这是个绝佳的机会。”
但在今年6月元宇宙平台公司向斯凯尔人工智能投资143亿美元并挖走其首席执行官后，维诺库尔收到了一封邮件，称由于公司重组，他的录用通知被撤销。如今，他仍在寻找工作。
虽然维诺库尔认为，经济形势和计算机科学专业应届毕业生之间的激烈竞争是就业市场严峻的主要原因，但他也确实考虑过人工智能所扮演的角色。
他表示，微软的Copilot、安尼斯菲尔的Cursor等人工智能编程工具，就像“一股即将改变初级工程师角色定位的巨大浪潮”。
一些计算机科学专业应届毕业生已开始在抖音上分享对当前科技行业就业市场的不满。一位用户名是@queenofslack、名叫莉莉的用户上月发布了一段视频，结合自己艰难的求职经历，劝阻其他学生不要学习计算机科学。她说：“我认为，投入的精力、学习计算机科学的难度，与这份工作的不稳定性相比，是不值得的。”该视频的250多条评论中，数十条来自其他计算机科学专业毕业生或学生，他们也表达了对自己职业道路的类似担忧。
总体而言，大学毕业生的就业形势都很艰难。牛津经济研究院5月的报告显示，应届毕业生的失业率目前已高于全国平均水平。但对于科技行业的求职者来说，相关数据更令人担忧。
纽约联邦储备银行的数据显示，计算机科学和计算机工程专业应届毕业生的失业率（分别为6.1%和7.5%），现已高于艺术史（3%）、英语（4.9%）和表演艺术（2.7%）专业的应届毕业生。
应届毕业生们告诉美国有线电视新闻网，他们认为人工智能不会完全取代软件工程岗位。正如今年5月从纽约州立大学新帕尔茨分校毕业的布里安娜·福特所说：“代码总归需要维护。”
但他们担心，这项技术会抢占那些希望进入该领域的人的机会。
福特表示，对于入门级岗位，“雇主希望我们有大量实习经历或项目经验，但在上学期间，你其实很难有这么多机会。就我个人而言，我当时还做了宿舍助理来补贴学费。”
维诺库尔说，像他这个年纪的求职者正处于“两难境地”：既想参与人工智能热潮，又要和更有经验的开发者竞争工作岗位，尤其是在一些公司放缓或调整招聘计划的情况下。他说：“这是一个非常奇怪的中间地带：一方面很令人兴奋，因为行业正处于这项惊人技术的爆发前夜；但另一方面，初级工程师更难找到工作了。”
正如卢比奥所说：“感觉为了踏入行业门槛，我都在和人工智能竞争。”
一些人现在开始重新考虑，软件工程是否真的是一条可行的职业道路。
丹尼·斯塔尔马科夫说：“我现在相当悲观。”他是一名德国籍软件开发者，2022年获得计算机科学硕士学位。他表示，过去六个月里他递交了数百份申请，招聘人员告诉他，每个岗位的申请者实在太多了。但他也看到了人工智能的优势：现在他80%的开发工作都由人工智能完成。他说：“虽然生产力的提升非常显著，但也令人担忧：过去需要五名开发者的公司，现在可能只需要三名了。”
斯塔尔马科夫补充道：“人工智能对编码工作的影响，让我真的对自己在软件开发领域的未来感到不确定。如果就业市场一直这样，我真的不知道下一步该怎么走。”
教育机构改变教学内容以顺应人工智能行业的需要
三、教育工作者的观点：“每个岗位都在被颠覆”
教授编码和计算机科学的教育工作者们正不得不调整课程设置，以帮助学生应对快速变化的就业市场。
华盛顿大学保罗·G·艾伦计算机科学与工程学院院长玛格达莱娜·巴拉津斯卡表示，招聘放缓并非仅仅因为人工智能抢占了编码工作。科技公司在新冠疫情期间大规模招聘后，目前也在进行人员调整，同时在数十亿美元的人工智能基础设施投资背景下，需要合理分配资金。
巴拉津斯卡表示，情况并非一片黯淡：该校2024-2025学年约675名毕业生中，超过一半已在亚马逊、元宇宙平台公司、微软和谷歌等企业找到全职工作。
尽管如此，她说该校也在为人工智能时代进行变革。今年秋季，学校将推出一门新的“人工智能辅助软件开发”课程，学生将学习现代软件工程实践，以及人工智能在该领域作为工具所扮演的角色。
巴拉津斯卡说，一些高阶课程还将允许学生使用生成式人工智能，“这将使教师能够提高项目的难度和复杂度。”但入门课程仍禁止学生在作业中使用人工智能，这样学生就能在不过度依赖技术的情况下掌握基础知识。
巴拉津斯卡说：“我们的理念一直是，计算机科学是一个发展速度远超其他领域的学科，因此帮助学生跟上行业发展步伐，是我们能做的最重要的事情。只要学生掌握了计算机领域的最新进展，拥有出色的技能和知识，就一定能找到工作。”
不仅是大学在调整思路，编程训练营这类专门学校通常面向希望转行或无需四年制学位即可进入科技行业的学生，也进行了调整。
无需传统学位就能获得六位数高薪，再加上科技行业招聘需求增加，这一前景在21世纪10年代推动了编程训练营的招生热潮。但科技训练营创联教育（General Assembly）的首席执行官达尼埃莱·格拉西表示，过去几年，他注意到学校的客户群体发生了变化。
在创联教育成立14年的大部分时间里，学校的主要招生对象是有志成为软件工程师的人，但现在，学校也吸引了首席执行官、人力资源经理和销售人员等群体，他们希望提升自己的人工智能技能。
格拉西表示，因此创联教育已开始设计专门的项目，帮助公司各层级员工：从入门级到董事会成员（无论其岗位是否具备技术性）掌握新的人工智能技能。
格拉西告诉美国有线电视新闻网：“六个月前，或者九个月前我们意识到，每个岗位都在被颠覆。”
创联教育首席学习官杰弗里·伯金表示，学校已将人工智能技能教学融入各学科课程，确保所有课程“现在都包含人工智能元素”。除软件工程外，学校还提供数据分析、用户体验设计、数据科学和信息技术等领域的课程。
伯金表示，学校希望“确保人们获得所需的技能，既能应用这些技能，也能带着这些技能去参加求职面试、进入雇主企业，并让这些技能真正发挥作用。”
企业称人工智能将大幅减少雇佣数量，但仍需掌握人工智能的工程师
四、雇主看法：“计算机科学远不止编码”，企业需要掌握人工智能的工程师
科技行业领导者表示，即便岗位数量有所减少，他们仍需要拥有计算机科学学位的年轻人。
亚马逊网络服务开发者代理与体验副总裁迪帕克·辛格表示：“人们学习的计算机科学，远不止编码这么简单。它还包括理解那些不会改变的系统工作原理和批判性思维能力。你仍然需要具备思考能力和创造力。实际上，我认为这种能力会变得更重要，因为人工智能承担了基础工作后，你会有更多时间去发挥创造力。”
尽管如此，对于应届毕业生来说，这可能难以带来慰藉。因为亚马逊首席执行官安迪·贾西最近警告称，随着人工智能承担更多任务，公司未来需要的员工数量将会减少。
除了大型科技公司，许多人工智能初创企业也倾向于以最小规模的团队发展。
咨询公司红杉资本薪酬咨询部门副总裁凯尔·霍尔姆上月在一篇博客文章中写道：“人工智能热潮并未遵循以往科技周期的高增长公司扩大员工规模、投资人力资源团队、广泛分配股权的传统模式。”
拥有十多年全职软件工程师经验的大卫·巴拉哈斯表示，如果他是一名初级工程师，人工智能编码工具的兴起会让他感到“不安”。但总体而言，他认为人工智能会改变这份工作，而非完全取代它，前提是有志成为工程师的人愿意接纳人工智能。
巴拉哈斯说：“人工智能不会取代工程师，但会使用人工智能的工程师，将会取代不会使用人工智能的工程师。”
150 job applications, rescinded offers: Computer science grads are struggling to find work. By Clare Duffy, Lisa Eadicicco on CNN. August 28, 2025.
Abraham Rubio has wanted to be a software engineer since childhood.
On the gaming platform Minecraft, he loved tinkering with “mods,” or alterations to video games created by fans that change elements like a character’s appearance. Eventually, he wasn’t content with just discovering new mods — he wanted to build his own.
That early passion led him to study coding at Bloomfield College of Montclair State University in New Jersey, graduating with a degree in computer science and game programming in May.
But finding a software development job has proven challenging. Rubio has applied for 20 roles since graduation. He’s yet to receive an offer.
“I go on LinkedIn almost every day, just scrolling, trying to see what opportunities are out there,” he said, adding that he hasn’t “really heard anything back from most companies.”
For years — as Silicon Valley boomed and all kinds of companies invested in new tech capabilities — computer science degrees, or even certificates from coding bootcamps, seemed like a golden ticket to a sustainable, well-paying job in a fast-paced industry. But in recent years, job openings have become more competitive and harder to come by.
Employment for recent graduates in computer science and math jobs has declined by 8% since 2022, Oxford Economics found in a May report. Postings for software development roles on the job site Indeed fell 71% between February 2022 to August 2025, according to Indeed data shared by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
With the tech world racing to make artificial intelligence advancements, some new grads say it feels like an especially exciting time to enter the industry. However, AI is also enabling companies to automate some parts of the coding and software development process, reducing the need for human workers, especially in entry-level roles.
While tech giants’ valuations continue to soar, many have undergone multiple rounds of layoffs in recent years as they push to accomplish more work with fewer people, a trend that has only been accelerated by AI. Microsoft, for example, became the second company to reach a $4 trillion valuation last month. That was only weeks after saying it would lay off 9,000 employees in its third round of cuts in recent months. CEO Satya Nadella said in April that as much as 30% of Microsoft’s code was being written by AI.
“Tech jobs are good, but I will say, the job market right now makes it seem that it’s almost impossible to get one,” said Julio Rodriguez, who graduated last year from Elms College in Massachusetts.He said it took him more than 150 applications before he got a data engineer job earlier this summer.
“And then when you get one, you’re also scared of the many layoffs that many companies are having,” he added.
CNN spoke with half a dozen job seekers about how they’re navigating the job market, educators training the industry’s next generation of engineers as well as current coders and tech leaders about whether computer science degrees could become obsolete.
What job seekers are saying: ‘It feels like I’m competing with AI just to get my foot in the door’
Nick Vinokour had a dream job lined up after he graduated in December from the University of Michigan with a computer science degree — he had been hired as a strategic projects lead at data labeling startup Scale AI. He was set to start in August.
“I was super excited, it was a great opportunity,” Vinokour said.
But after Meta invested $14.3 billion into Scale AI in June, acquiring its CEO, Vinokour got an email saying his offer was being rescinded amid a corporate restructuring.
Now, he’s still on the hunt for a job.
While Vinokour largely believes the state of the economy and stiff competition among recent computer science graduates are to blame for the tough job market, the role of AI has certainly crossed his mind.
AI coding tools such as Microsoft’s Copilot and Anysphere’s Cursor are like “a big tidal wave that’s looming to change what the role of a junior engineer is,” he said. (A Scale spokesperson acknowledged that some employees were laid off or had offers rescinded in July, but said Scale is now aggressively hiring for positions across the company.)
Some recent computer science grads have turned to TikTok to share frustrations around the current tech job market. A TikTok user named Lili, who goes by @queenofslack on the app, posted a video last month discouraging other students from studying computer science due to her own difficult job hunt.
“I think the investment, the difficulty of (computer science) is not worth the instability of the job,” she said. “If you’re really just being motivated by a paycheck and by a cushy job, I can’t say that I would recommend.”
Of the more than 250 comments on the video, dozens were from fellow computer science graduates or students expressing similar concerns about their career path.
College graduates, broadly, are struggling. A May report from Oxford Economics found that the unemployment rate for recent grads is now greater than the national average. But for job seekers in tech, the data is especially troubling.
The New York Fed now pegs the unemployment rate for recent computer science and computer engineering graduates (6.1% and 7.5%, respectively) higher than that for people who studied art history (3%), English (4.9%) and performing arts (2.7%).
Recent grads told CNN that they don’t think AI will do away with software engineering jobs entirely. As Brianne Ford, who graduated from the State University of New York atNew Paltz in May, put it: “Code always needs maintaining.”
But there are fears that the technology will usurp opportunities for people looking to break into the field.
For entry-level jobs, “they want us to have tons of internships or tons of projects and when you’re in school, you don’t really get as much of a chance,” Ford said. “Me, personally, I worked as a resident advisor to help pay for school.”
Vinokour said job seekers his age are in a “pickle” — wanting to take part in the AI boom, but competing against more experienced developers for jobs, especially as some companies slow down or change their hiring plans.
“It’s this very weird middle ground that’s exciting because (the industry is) on the precipice of this insane technology. But … it’s harder for a junior engineer to be hired,” Vinokour said.
Or as Rubio puts it: “It feels like I’m competing with AI to just try to get my foot in the door.”
Some are now reconsidering whether software engineering is truly a viable career path.
“I’m pretty pessimistic right now,” said Danny Stalmakov, a Germany-based software developer who graduated with his master’s degree in computer science in 2022.
Stalmakov, who said he’s submitted hundreds of applications over six months, has been told by recruiters that there are simply too many applicants for each role. But he also sees the benefit of AI, which now handles 80% of his development work.
“While the productivity boost is incredible, it’s also concerning — companies that used to need five developers might only need three now,” he said.
“The AI impact on coding made me genuinely unsure about my future in software development, and I really don’t know what my next move will be if the market stays like this,” Stalmakov added.
What the educators are saying: ‘Every role is disrupted’
Educators teaching coding and computer science are having to pivot their curriculum to prepare students for a rapidly evolving job market.
Magdalena Balazinska, director of the University of Washington’s Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, said the hiring slowdown is not just because AI is taking coding work. Tech companies are also right-sizing after a Covid-era hiring spree and need to spend wisely amid multibillion-dollar AI infrastructure investments.
Balazinska said it’s not all doom and gloom — more than half of the school’s approximately 675 graduates from the2024-25 school year have already found full-time jobs at companies including Amazon, Meta, Microsoft and Google.
Nonetheless, the school is evolving for the AI era, she said. It’s rolling out a new “AI-assisted software development” course this fall, where students will learn about modern software engineering practices and the role of AI as a tool for that work.
Some advanced classes will also allow students to use generative AI, “which is enabling faculty members to raise the level of difficulty and complexity of the projects,” Balazinska said.
But introductory courses will still prohibit using AI for classwork — so students learn the basics without relying too much on the technology.
“Our philosophy has always been that computer science is a field that advances faster than any other field, so preparing students to advance with the field is the most important thing we can do,” Balazinska said.
“There will be jobs for those who learn the latest advances in computing and those with excellent skills and knowledge,” she said.
It’s not just universities that are changing their approach. Coding bootcamps — specialized schools often catering to career switchers or students looking to pursue careers in tech without a four-year degree — have adapted, too.
The idea of landing a lucrative six-figure salary without a traditional degree, combined with an increased hiring demand from the tech industry, led to a boom in enrollment at these bootcamps throughout the 2010s. But Daniele Grassi, CEO of tech bootcamp General Assembly, said he’s noticed a shift over the past couple of years in the types of customers coming to his school.
While General Assembly primarily attracted aspiring software engineers for much of its 14-year existence, the school is now also garnering interest from C-level executives, human resource managers and sales professionals interested in developing their AI skills.
As a result, General Assembly has begun creating programs specifically designed to help workers across all tiers of a company —from entry level to the board of directors, whether the roles are technical or not — gain new AI skills, according to Grassi.
“Six months ago, or nine months ago … we realized that every role is disrupted,” Grassi told CNN.
General Assembly has incorporated AI skills teachings into its programming across disciplines, said Jeffrey Bergin, the school’s chief learning officer, so that everything it offers “now has an AI element.” The school offers courses in data analytics, user experience design, data science and information technology in addition to software engineering.
Bergin said the school wants “to make sure folks have what they need, both in being able to apply those skills and to take those skills into job interviews and into employers, and have those really resonate.”
What the employers are saying: ‘Computer science is a lot more than code’
Tech leaders say they’ll still need young people with computer science degrees, even if there are fewer jobs to go around.
“The thing people study is computer science, which is a lot more than code. It’s understanding how these systems work,” Deepak Singh, vice president of developer agents and experiences at Amazon Web Services, told CNN. “The critical thinking part doesn’t change. You still need to be able to think, you need to be creative. I actually think it becomes more important because you have more time” to be creativewith AI doing the grunt work.
Still, that may be cold comfort to new grads, given Amazon CEO Andy Jassy’s recent warning that the company will need fewer human workers in the future as AI takes on more tasks.
Beyond big tech, many AI startups are also focused on growing with the smallest teams possible.
“The AI boom isn’t following the patterns of past tech cycles,” Kyle Holm, vice president of the compensation advisory group at consulting firm Sequoia, wrote in a blog post last month. “The traditional model of high-growth companies expanding headcount, investing in people teams, and broadly distributing equity isn’t playing out the same way this time.”
David Barajas, who has been working as a full-time software engineer for more than a decade, said he would feel “intimated” by the rise of AI tools in coding if he were a junior engineer.
But overall, he’s of the mindset that AI will change the job rather than wipe it out completely — as long as aspiring engineers embrace it, that is.
“AI won’t replace you as an engineer,” Barajas said. “An engineer with AI will replace you as an engineer.”
来源：读行品世事一点号